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DPX
Digital Picture Exchange (DPX) is a common file format for digital intermediate and visual effects work and is a SMPTE standard (ST 268-1:2014). The file format is most commonly used to represent the density of each colour channel of a scanned negative film in an uncompressed " logarithmic" image where the gamma of the original camera negative is preserved as taken by a film scanner. For this reason, DPX is the worldwide-chosen format for still frames storage in most digital intermediate post-production facilities and film labs. Other common video formats are supported as well (see below), from video to purely digital ones, making DPX a file format suitable for almost any raster digital imaging applications. DPX provides, in fact, a great deal of flexibility in storing colour information, colour spaces and colour planes for exchange between production facilities. Multiple forms of packing and alignment are possible. The DPX specification allows for a wide variety of metadata to f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cineon
The Cineon System was one of the first computer based digital film systems, created by Kodak in the early 1990s. It was an integrated suite of components consisting a motion picture film scanner, a film recorder and workstation hardware with software (the Cineon Digital Film Workstation) for compositing, visual effects, image restoration and color management. The system was first released in September 1992 to Cinesite Hollywood. The workstations were initially built on Inmos-Transputer based hardware. In July 1993 version 2.1.3 of the software was released for Silicon Graphics Inc, SGI Onyx hardware. The software was withdrawn from sale by 1997, although a number of customers continued to use it beyond that date. As an end-to-end solution for 4K resolution, 10 bit digital film production and digital intermediate, the system was one of the first. The three major components of the system (scanner, workstation software, and recorder) have all received separate AMPAS Scien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academy Color Encoding System
The Academy Color Encoding System (ACES) is a color image encoding system created under the auspices of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. ACES is characterised by a color accurate workflow, with "seamless interchange of high quality motion picture images regardless of source". The system defines its own primary colors as being on the spectral locus as defined by the CIE xyY specification. The white point is approximate to the chromaticity of CIE Daylight with a Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) of 6000K. Most ACES compliant image files are encoded in 16-bit half-floats, thus allowing ACES OpenEXR files to encode 30 stops of scene information. The ACESproxy format uses integers with a log encoding. ACES supports both high dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut (WCG). The version 1.0 release occurred in December 2014. ACES received a Primetime Engineering Emmy Award in 2012. The system is standardized in part by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Eng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FFmpeg
FFmpeg is a free and open-source software project consisting of a suite of libraries and programs for handling video, audio, and other multimedia files and streams. At its core is the command-line ffmpeg tool itself, designed for processing video and audio files. It is widely used for format transcoding, basic editing (trimming and concatenation), video scaling, video post-production effects, and standards compliance ( SMPTE, ITU). FFmpeg also includes other tools: ffplay, a simple media player, and ffprobe, a command-line tool to display media information. Among included libraries are libavcodec, an audio/video codec library used by many commercial and free software products, libavformat (Lavf), an audio/video container mux and demux library, and libavfilter, a library for enhancing and editing filters through a GStreamer-like filtergraph. FFmpeg is part of the workflow of many other software projects, and its libraries are a core part of software media players such as V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dibutyl Phthalate
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is an organic compound of phthalate which is commonly used as a plasticizer because of its low toxicity and wide liquid range. With the chemical formula C6H4(CO2C4H9)2, it is a colorless oil, although impurities often render commercial samples yellow.Peter M. Lorz, Friedrich K. Towae, Walter Enke, Rudolf Jäckh, Naresh Bhargava, Wolfgang Hillesheim "Phthalic Acid and Derivatives" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2007, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Dibutyl phthalate has high dielectric constant. Production and use DBP is produced by the reaction of ''n''-butanol with phthalic anhydride. DBP is an important plasticizer that enhances the utility of some major engineering plastics, such as PVC. Such modified PVC is widely used in plumbing for carrying sewage and other corrosive materials. Degradation Hydrolysis of DBP leads to phthalic acid and 1-butanol. Monobutyl phthalate (MBP) is its major metabolite. Biodegradation Biodegradation by mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Color Space
A color space is a specific organization of colors. In combination with color profiling supported by various physical devices, it supports reproducible representations of colorwhether such representation entails an analog or a digital representation. A color space may be arbitrary, i.e. with physically realized colors assigned to a set of physical color swatches with corresponding assigned color names (including discrete numbers infor examplethe Pantone collection), or structured with mathematical rigor (as with the NCS System, Adobe RGB and sRGB). A "color space" is a useful conceptual tool for understanding the color capabilities of a particular device or digital file. When trying to reproduce color on another device, color spaces can show whether shadow/highlight detail and color saturation can be retained, and by how much either will be compromised. A "color model" is an abstract mathematical model describing the way colors can be represented as tuples of numbers (e. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ImageMagick
ImageMagick, invoked from the command line as magick, is a free and open-source cross-platform software suite for displaying, creating, converting, modifying, and editing raster images. ImageMagick was created by John Cristy in 1987, and it can read and write over 200 image file formats. It is widely used in open-source applications. History ImageMagick was created in 1987 by John Cristy when working at DuPont, to convert 24-bit images (16 million colors) to 8-bit images (256 colors), so they could be displayed on most screens at the time. It was freely released in 1990 when DuPont agreed to transfer copyright to ''ImageMagick Studio LLC'', still currently the project maintainer organization. In May 2016, it was reported that ImageMagick had a vulnerability through which an attacker can execute arbitrary code on servers that use the application to edit user-uploaded images. Security researchers at Cloudflare observed use of the vulnerability in active hacking attempts. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
XnView
XnView is an image organizer and general-purpose file manager used for viewing, converting, organizing and editing raster images, as well as general purpose file management. It comes with built-in hex inspection, batch renaming, image scanning and screen capture tools. It is licensed as freeware for private, educational and non-profit uses. For other uses, it is licensed as commercial software. Although originally deployed only on Unix-like systems, it is now also available for Windows, Windows Mobile and Pocket PC. The extended version of XnView, called XnView MP, is available for Windows, macOS and Linux. XnView has received five cows from Tucows. In 2006 Sveriges Television (SVT) recommended XnView in their ''High Definition Multi Format Test Set''. Research papers about DICOM and digital watermarking used XnView for image processing. Features XnView is customisable and multi-lingual. XnView can read more than 500 image file formats, some audio and video fil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extensible Metadata Platform
The Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) is an ISO standard, originally created by Adobe Systems Inc., for the creation, processing and interchange of standardized and custom metadata for digital documents and data sets. XMP standardizes a data model, a serialization format and core properties for the definition and processing of extensible metadata. It also provides guidelines for embedding XMP information into popular image, video and document file formats, such as JPEG and PDF, without breaking their readability by applications that do not support XMP. Therefore, the non-XMP metadata have to be reconciled with the XMP properties. Although metadata can alternatively be stored in a sidecar file, embedding metadata avoids problems that occur when metadata is stored separately. The XMP data model, serialization format and core properties is published by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 16684-1:2012 standard. Data model The defined XMP data model can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arriflex D-21
The Arriflex D-21 is a film-style digital motion picture camera introduced by Arri in 2008 to replace their earlier generation Arriflex D-20. Overview The D-21 uses a Super 35 (4:3 aspect ratio) sized single CMOS sensor and accepts 35 mm film camera lenses (54mm PL mount). It features an optical viewfinder and modular construction. Arri Digital Official Arriflex D-21 site The D-21 captures images in three general modes: ''HD'' ('HD422 (16:9)' or 'HD444 (16:9)'), ''Mscope'', and ''Data'' ('ARRIRAW (16:9)' or 'ARRIRAW (4:3)'). Its sensor is a CMOS chip with a Bayer mask, Arri Digital Bayer Mask with dimensions of 2880x2160 pixels. Arri Alexa FAQ Similar cameras * |
Bayer Filter
A Bayer filter mosaic is a color filter array (CFA) for arranging RGB color model, RGB color filters on a square grid of photosensors. Its particular arrangement of color filters is used in most single-chip digital image sensors used in digital cameras, and camcorders to create a color image. The filter pattern is half green, one quarter red and one quarter blue, hence is also called BGGR, RGBG, GRBG, or RGGB. It is named after its inventor, Bryce Bayer of Eastman Kodak. Bayer is also known for his recursively defined matrix used in ordered dithering. color image sensor, Alternatives to the Bayer filter include both #Modifications, various modifications of colors and arrangement and completely different technologies, such as color co-site sampling, the Foveon X3 sensor, the dichroic filter, dichroic mirrors or a transparent diffractive-filter array. Explanation Bryce Bayer's patent (U.S. Patent No. 3,971,065) in 1976 called the green photosensors ''luminance-sensitive eleme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CIE 1931 Color Space
In 1931, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) published the CIE 1931 color spaces which define the relationship between the visible spectrum and human color vision. The CIE color spaces are mathematical models that comprise a "standard observer", which is a static idealization of the color vision of a normal human. A useful application of the CIEXYZ colorspace is that a mixture of two colors in some proportion lies on the straight line between those two colors. One disadvantage is that it is not perceptually uniform. This disadvantage is remedied in subsequent color models such as CIELUV and CIELAB, but these and modern color models still use the CIE 1931 color spaces as a foundation. The CIE (from the French name " Commission Internationale de l'éclairage" - International Commission on Illumination) developed and maintains many of the standards in use today relating to colorimetry. The CIE color spaces were created using data from a series of experiments, where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Commission On Illumination
The International Commission on Illumination (usually abbreviated CIE for its French name Commission internationale de l'éclairage) is the international authority on light, illumination, colour, and colour spaces. It was established in 1913 as a successor to the Commission Internationale de Photométrie, which was founded in 1900, and is today based in Vienna, Austria. Organization The CIE has six active divisions, each of which establishes technical committees to carry out its program: * Division 1: Vision and Colour * Division 2: Physical Measurement of Light and Radiation * Division 3: Interior Environment and Lighting Design * Division 4: Transportation and Exterior Applications * Division 6: Photobiology and Photochemistry * Division 8: Image Technology Two divisions are no longer active. * Division 5: Exterior Lighting and Other Applications * Division 7: General Aspects of Lighting The President of the CIE from 2023 is Jennifer Veitch from Canada. CIE publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
