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DETCOM Program
The DETCOM Program (also "Det-Com," "Detcom"), along with the COMSAB (or "COMmunist SABotage" ) Program formed part of the " Emergency Detention Program" (1946–1950) of Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). As FBI historian Athan Theoharis described in 1978, "The FBI compiled other lists in addition to the Security Index. These include a "Comsab program" (concentrating on Communists with a potential for sabotage), and "Detcom program" (a "priority" list of individuals to be arrested), and a Communist Index (individuals about whom investigation did not "reflect sufficient disloyal information" but whom the bureau deemed to be 'of interest ... '.") Secrecy Long-time FBI head J. Edgar Hoover wanted the program to remain secret from the public: He thus instructed his top agents that "no mention must be made in any investigative report relating to the classifications of top functionaries and key figures, nor to the Detcom or Consab Program, nor to the Security Index or the Commun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Emergency Detention Program
An emergency is an urgent, unexpected, and usually dangerous situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property, or Natural environment, environment and requires immediate action. Most emergencies require urgent intervention to prevent a worsening of the situation, although in some situations, mitigation may not be possible and agencies may only be able to offer palliative care for the aftermath. While some emergencies are self-evident (such as a natural disaster that threatens many lives), many smaller incidents require that an observer (or affected party) decide whether it qualifies as an emergency. The precise definition of an emergency, the agencies involved and the procedures used, vary by jurisdiction, and this is usually set by the government, whose agencies (emergency services) are responsible for emergency planning and management. Defining an emergency An incident, to be an emergency, conforms to one or more of the following, if it: * Poses an immediat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Oskar Maria Graf
Oskar Maria Graf (22 July 1894 – 28 June 1967) was a German-American writer who wrote several narratives about life in Bavaria, mostly autobiographical. In the beginning, Graf wrote under his real name Oskar Graf. After 1918, his works for newspapers were signed with the pseudonym Oskar Graf-Berg; only for those of his works he regarded as "worth reading", he used the name ''Oskar Maria Graf''. Life Graf was born in Berg in the Kingdom of Bavaria, situated in the picturesque landscape around Lake Starnberg near Munich. He was the ninth child of baker Max Graf and his wife Therese (née Heimrath), a farmer's daughter. From 1900 onwards he went to the state school in Aufkirchen, in the municipality of Berg. After his father died in 1906, he learned the baker's trade and worked for his brother Max, who had taken over their father's bakery. In 1911, hoping to earn a living as a poet, he fled to Munich to escape his brother who treated him badly, sometimes resorting to viol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Elijah Muhammad
Elijah Muhammad (born Elijah Robert Poole; October 7, 1897 – February 25, 1975) was an American religious leader, black separatist, and self-proclaimed Messenger of Allah who led the Nation of Islam (NOI) from 1933 until his death in 1975. Elijah Muhammad was also the teacher and mentor of Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan, Muhammad Ali, and his son, Warith Deen Mohammed. In the 1930s, Muhammad formally established the Nation of Islam, a religious movement that originated under the leadership and teachings of Wallace Fard Muhammad and that promoted black power, pride, economic empowerment, and racial separation. Elijah Muhammad taught that Master Fard Muhammad is the 'Son of Man' of the Bible, and after Fard's disappearance in 1934, Muhammad assumed control over Fard's former ministry, formally changing its name to the "Nation of Islam". Under Muhammad's leadership, the Nation of Islam grew from a small, local black congregation into an influential nationwide movement. He was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Elaine Black Yoneda
Elaine Black Yoneda (September 4, 1906 – May 29, 1988) was an American labor and civil rights activist, member of the Communist Party and candidate for political office in California. Early years Yoneda was born Rose Elaine Buchman in New York City to Russian Jewish immigrants Nathan and Mollie Buchman. Her parents, child laborers in a Ukraine match factory, had from an early age been active in the Jewish Labor Bund. The two fled Tsarist Russia in 1902, and Yoneda was born shortly after their arrival in the United States in 1906. The family eventually settled in Brooklyn, New York. In 1920 Yoneda's family moved to Lemon Grove, California, and then San Diego where her father ran a dry goods store and Elaine attended San Diego High School. By 1924 the family was living in Los Angeles, where Yoneda helped out in the family clothing store and completed secretarial training. She attended a meeting of the Young Workers League at the encouragement of her parents, where she met Edw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Helen Sobell
Helen may refer to: People * Helen of Troy, in Greek mythology, the most beautiful woman in the world * Helen (actress) (born 1938), Indian actress * Helen (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) Places * Helen, Georgia, United States, a small city * Helen, Maryland, United States, an unincorporated place * Helen, West Virginia, a census-designated place in Raleigh County * Helen Falls, a waterfall in Ontario, Canada * Lake Helen (other), several places called Helen Lake or Lake Helen * Helen, an ancient name of Makronisos island, Greece * The Hellenic Republic, Greece Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Helen'' (album), a 1981 Grammy-nominated album by Helen Humes *Helen (band) * ''Helen'' (2008 film), a British drama starring Annie Townsend * ''Helen'' (2009 film), an American drama film starring Ashley Judd * ''Helen'' (2017 film), an Iranian drama film * ''Helen'' (2019 film), an Indian film produced by Vineeth Sreenivasan * Hel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Morton Sobell
Morton Sobell (April 11, 1917 – December 26, 2018) was an American engineer and Soviet spy during and after World War II; he was charged as part of a conspiracy which included Julius Rosenberg and his wife, Ethel Rosenberg. Sobell worked on military and government contracts with General Electric and Reeves Instrument Corporation in the 1940s, including during World War II. Sobell was tried and convicted of espionage in 1951 and sentenced to 30 years in prison. He was released in 1969 after serving 17 years and 9 months in prison. After that he became an advocate of socialist causes, conducting public speaking and traveling to Vietnam (during the war), to East Germany (before the fall of the Soviet Union), and to Cuba. Biography Morton Sobell was born in New York City to Jewish immigrant parents Louis and Rose Sobel, who came in 1906 from the small village of Belozerka, Russian Empire (today in Ukraine). He attended public schools and Stuyvesant High School. He graduated fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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John F
John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second Epistle of John, often shortened to 2 John * Third Epistle of John, often shortened to 3 John People * John the Baptist (died ), regarded as a prophet and the forerunner of Jesus Christ * John the Apostle (died ), one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ * John the Evangelist, assigned author of the Fourth Gospel, once identified with the Apostle * John of Patmos, also known as John the Divine or John the Revelator, the author of the Book of Revelation, once identified with the Apostle * John the Presbyter, a figure either identified with or distinguished from the Apostle, the Evangelist and John of Patmos Other people with the given name Religious figures * John, father of Andrew the Apostle and Saint Peter * Pope Jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Ronald Radosh
Ronald Radosh ( ; born 1937) is an American Social conservatism in the United States, social conservative writer, professor, historian, and former Marxist. As he described in his memoirs, Radosh was, like his Ashkenazi Jewish parents, a member of the Communist Party USA until the exposure of the truth about Stalinism began during the Khrushchev Thaw. He later became an activist in the New Left against the Vietnam War. Radosh turned his attention in the late 1970s to Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, whom he had believed for decades to have been the innocent victims of judicial murder by a kangaroo court. After studying declassified FBI documents obtained under the Freedom of Information Act and interviewing their friends and associates, Radosh came to the conclusion that the Rosenbergs had in fact committed espionage for the Soviet KGB during the Manhattan Project and the Korean War, the crime for which they were both executed. When Radosh published his conclusions, despite what he cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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George Oppen
George Oppen (April 24, 1908 – July 7, 1984) was an American poet, best known as one of the members of the Objectivist group of poets. He abandoned poetry in the 1930s for political activism and moved to Mexico in 1950 to avoid the attentions of the House Un-American Activities Committee. He returned to poetry—and to the United States—in 1958, and received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1969. Early life Oppen was born in New Rochelle, New York, into a Jewish family. His father, a successful diamond merchant, was George August Oppenheimer (b. Apr. 13, 1881), his mother Elsie Rothfeld. His father changed the family name to Oppen in 1927. Oppen's childhood was one of considerable affluence; the family was well-tended to by servants and maids and Oppen enjoyed all the benefits of a wealthy upbringing: horse riding, expensive automobiles, frequent trips to Europe. But his mother committed suicide when he was four, his father remarried three years later and the boy and his st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Vito Marcantonio
Vito Anthony Marcantonio (December 10, 1902 – August 9, 1954) was an American lawyer and politician who served East Harlem for seven terms in the United States House of Representatives. For most of his political career, he was a member of the American Labor Party, believing that neither major American political party supported the interests of the working class. For two years prior to his party switching to Labor, he was a New Deal coalition member of the progressive branch of the Republican Party as a supporter of Fiorello LaGuardia. Marcantonio was a socialist and supporter of political causes and positions which he deemed in the interests of the working class, poor, immigrants, labor unions, and African-American civil rights. Marcantonio represented the neighborhood of East Harlem in New York City (containing the smaller neighborhoods of Italian Harlem and Spanish Harlem), which was home to many ethnic Italians, Jews, African-Americans, and Puerto Ricans. He spoke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Malcolm X
Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an African American revolutionary, Islam in the United States, Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement until Assassination of Malcolm X, his assassination in 1965. A spokesman for the Nation of Islam (NOI) until 1964, after which he left the movement, he was a vocal advocate for Black empowerment and the promotion of Islam within the African American community. He is also a celebrated figure within African American and Muslim communities for his pursuit of racial justice. Malcolm spent his adolescence living in a series of foster homes and with various relatives, after his father's death and his mother's hospitalization. He committed various crimes, being sentenced to eight to ten years in prison in 1946 for larceny and burglary. In prison, he joined the Nation of Islam, adopting the name Malcolm X to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Duncan Lee
Lt. Col. Duncan Chaplin Lee (1913–1988) was a confidential senior assistant to Maj. Gen. William ("Wild Bill") Donovan, founder and director of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), World War II-era predecessor of the CIA, between 1942 and 1946. Lee has posthumously been identified by the Venona project as the NKVD mole inside the OSS with the code name "Koch", making Lee the most senior alleged spy the Soviet Union is ever known to have recruited inside the U.S. intelligence community. Career OSS As an OSS officer, Lee served as head of the China section of SI, the Secret Intelligence Branch. While an officer, according to Soviet courier Elizabeth Bentley, Lee—reportedly a descendant of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee—covertly furnished her with information on "anti-Soviet work by OSS" and other topics of interest to Moscow, which was technically an ally (in Europe) following the collapse of the Nazi-Soviet pact. In November 1944, Anatoly Gorsky reported to Moscow t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |