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DDR5 SDRAM
Double Data Rate 5 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR5 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory. Compared to its predecessor DDR4 SDRAM, DDR5 was planned to reduce power consumption, while doubling bandwidth. The standard, originally targeted for 2018, was released on July 14, 2020. A new feature called Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE) enables input/output (I/O) speed scalability for higher bandwidth and performance improvement. DDR5 has about the same latency as DDR4 and DDR3. DDR5 octuples the maximum DIMM capacity from 64 GB to 512 GB. DDR5 also has higher frequencies than DDR4, up to 9600 MT/s is currently possible, 8200 MT/s translates into around 66 GB/s of bandwidth. Using liquid nitrogen 13000 MT/s speeds were achieved. Rambus announced a working DDR5 dual in-line memory module (DIMM) in September 2017. On November 15, 2018, SK Hynix announced completion of its first DDR5 RAM chip; running at 5.2 GT/s at 1.1 V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gigabyte
The gigabyte () is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The SI prefix, prefix ''giga-, giga'' means 109 in the International System of Units (SI). Therefore, one gigabyte is one billion bytes. The unit symbol for the gigabyte is GB. This definition is used in all contexts of science (especially data science), engineering, business, and many areas of computing, including storage capacities of hard disk drive, hard drives, solid-state drives, and magnetic-tape data storage, tapes, as well as data transmission speeds. The term is also used in some fields of computer science and information technology to denote (10243 or 230) bytes, however, particularly for sizes of random-access memory, RAM. Thus, some usage of ''gigabyte'' has been ambiguous. To resolve this difficulty, IEC 80000-13 clarifies that a ''gigabyte'' (GB) is 109 bytes and specifies the term ''gibibyte'' (GiB) to denote 230 bytes. These differences are still readily seen, for example, when a 400 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ECC Memory
Error correction code memory (ECC memory) is a type of computer data storage that uses an error correction code (ECC) to detect and correct ''n''-bit data corruption which occurs in memory. Typically, ECC memory maintains a memory system immune to single-bit errors: the data that is read from each word is always the same as the data that had been written to it, even if one of the bits actually stored has been flipped to the wrong state. Most non-ECC memory cannot detect errors, although some non-ECC memory with parity support allows detection but not correction. ECC memory is used in most computers where data corruption cannot be tolerated, like industrial control applications, critical databases, and infrastructural memory caches. Concept Error correction codes protect against undetected data corruption and are used in computers where such corruption is unacceptable, examples being scientific and financial computing applications, or in database and file servers. ECC can a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raptor Lake
Raptor Lake is Intel's List of Intel codenames, codename for the 13th and 14th generations of Intel Core processors based on a Heterogeneous computing, hybrid architecture, utilizing Raptor Cove performance cores and Gracemont (microarchitecture), Gracemont efficient cores. Like Alder Lake, Raptor Lake is fabricated using Intel's 7 nm process, Intel 7 process. Raptor Lake features up to 24 cores (8 performance cores plus 16 efficiency cores) and 32 Thread (computing), threads and is socket compatible with Alder Lake systems (LGA 1700, BGA 1744, BGA 1964). Like earlier generations, Raptor Lake processors also need accompanying Platform Controller Hub, chipsets. Raptor Lake CPUs have suffered issues with permanent damage from elevated voltage due to a vulnerable clock tree circuit, resulting in instability. Intel claims these issues have been since fixed in the latest microcode patches, which requires updating the motherboard's BIOS. History Raptor Lake launched on October 20, 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alder Lake
Alder Lake is Intel's codename for the 12th generation of Intel Core processors based on a hybrid architecture utilizing Golden Cove performance cores and Gracemont efficient cores. It is fabricated using Intel's Intel 7 process, previously referred to as Intel 10 nm Enhanced SuperFin (10ESF). The 10ESF has a 10%-15% boost in performance over the 10SF used in the mobile Tiger Lake processors. Intel officially announced 12th Gen Intel Core CPUs on October 27, 2021, mobile CPUs and non-K series desktop CPUs on January 4, 2022, Alder Lake-P and -U series on February 23, 2022, and Alder Lake-HX series on May 10, 2022. History It was announced in November 2021 that Intel Alder Lake would use a hybrid architecture combining performance and efficiency cores, similar to ARM big.LITTLE. This was Intel's second hybrid architecture, after the mobile-only Lakefield released in June 2020. While the desktop Alder Lake processors were already on the market by January 2022, the mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LPDDR
Low-Power Double Data Rate (LPDDR), also known as LPDDR SDRAM, is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) that Low-power electronics, consumes less power than other random access memory designs and is thus targeted for mobile computing devices such as laptop computers and smartphones. Older variants are also known as Mobile DDR, and abbreviated as mDDR. Modern LPDDR SDRAM is distinct from DDR SDRAM, with various differences that make the technology more appropriate for mobile applications. LPDDR technology standards are developed independently of DDR standards, with LPDDR4X and even LPDDR5 for example being implemented prior to DDR5 SDRAM and offering far higher data rates than DDR4 SDRAM. Bus width In contrast with standard SDRAM, used in stationary devices and laptops and usually connected over a 64-bit wide memory bus, LPDDR also permits 16- or 32-bit wide channels. The "E" and "X" versions mark enhanced versions of the specifications. They formalize overcl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
On-die Termination
On-die termination (ODT) is the technology where the termination resistor for impedance matching in transmission lines is located inside a semiconductor chip instead of on a printed circuit board (PCB). Overview of electronic signal termination In lower frequency (slow edge rate) applications, interconnection lines can be modelled as "lumped" circuits. In this case, there is no need to consider the concept of "termination". Under the low-frequency condition, every point in an interconnect wire can be assumed to have the same voltage as every other point for any instance in time. However, if the propagation delay in a wire, PCB trace, cable, or connector is significant (for example, if the delay is greater than 1/6 of the rise time of the digital signal), the "lumped" circuit model is no longer valid and the interconnect has to be analyzed as a transmission line. In a transmission line, the signal interconnect path is modeled as a circuit containing distributed inductance, capac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transfers Per Second
In computer technology, transfers per second and its more common secondary terms gigatransfers per second (abbreviated as GT/s) and megatransfers per second (MT/s) are informal language that refer to the number of operations transferring data that occur in each second in some given data-transfer channel. It is also known as sample rate, i.e. the number of data samples captured per second, each sample normally occurring at the clock edge. The terms are neutral with respect to the method of physically accomplishing each such data-transfer operation; nevertheless, they are most commonly used in the context of transmission of digital data. is 106 or one million transfers per second; similarly, means 109, or equivalently in the US/short scale, one billion transfers per second. Units These terms alone do not specify the bit rate at which binary data is being transferred because they do not specify the number of bits transferred in each transfer operation (known as the channel width or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voltage Regulator Module
A voltage regulator module (VRM), sometimes called processor power module (PPM), is a buck converter that provides the microprocessor and chipset the appropriate supply voltage, converting , or to lower voltages required by the devices, allowing devices with different supply voltages be mounted on the same motherboard. On personal computer (PC) systems, the VRM is typically made up of power MOSFET devices. Overview Most voltage regulator module implementations are soldered onto the motherboard. Some processors, such as Intel Haswell and Ice Lake CPUs, feature some voltage regulation components on the same CPU package, reduce the VRM design of the motherboard; such a design brings certain levels of simplification to complex voltage regulation involving numerous CPU supply voltages and dynamic powering up and down of various areas of a CPU. A voltage regulator integrated on-package or on-die is usually referred to as ''fully integrated voltage regulator'' (''FIVR'') or si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Passive Component
Passivity is a property of engineering systems, most commonly encountered in analog electronics and control systems. Typically, analog designers use ''passivity'' to refer to incrementally passive components and systems, which are incapable of power gain. In contrast, control systems engineers will use ''passivity'' to refer to thermodynamically passive ones, which consume, but do not produce, energy. As such, without context or a qualifier, the term ''passive'' is ambiguous. An electronic circuit consisting entirely of passive components is called a passive circuit, and has the same properties as a passive component. If a device is ''not'' passive, then it is an active device. Thermodynamic passivity In control systems and circuit network theory, a passive component or circuit is one that consumes energy, but does not produce energy. Under this methodology, voltage and current sources are considered active, while resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors, tunn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Integrated Device Technology
Integrated Device Technology, Inc. (IDT), was an American semiconductor company headquartered in San Jose, California. The company designed, manufactured, and marketed low-power, high-performance mixed-signal semiconductor products for the advanced communications, computing, and consumer industries. The company marketed its products primarily to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Founded in 1980, the company began as a provider of complementary metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOS) for the communications business segment and computing business segments. The company focused on three major areas: communications infrastructure (wireless and wired), high-performance computing, and advanced power management. Between 2018 and 2019, IDT was acquired by Renesas Electronics. Business segments The communications segment produces communication clocks, serial RapidIO products for wireless base station infrastructure applications, radio frequency products, digital logic products, first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Power Management Integrated Circuit
A power management integrated circuit (PMIC) is an integrated circuit for power management. Although it is a wide range of chip types, most include several DC/DC converters or their control part. A PMIC is often included in battery-operated devices (such as mobile phone, portable media players) and embedded devices (such as routers) to decrease the amount of space required. Overview The term PMIC refers to a class of integrated circuits that perform various functions related to power requirements. A PMIC may have one or more of the following functions: * DC-to-DC conversion * Battery charging * Power-source selection * Voltage scaling * Power sequencing * Miscellaneous functions Power management ICs are solid-state devices that control the flow and direction of electrical power. Many electrical devices use multiple internal voltages (e.g., 5 V, 3.3 V, 1.8 V, etc.) and sources of external power (e.g., wall outlet, battery, etc.), meaning that the power design of the dev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renesas
is a Japanese semiconductor manufacturer headquartered in Tokyo. The name "Renesas" is a contraction of "Renaissance Semiconductor for Advanced Solutions." The company was established in 2002 as Renesas Technology through the merger of the semiconductor divisions of Hitachi and Mitsubishi Electric, excluding their DRAM businesses. In 2010, Renesas Technology merged with NEC Electronics to form the current company and adopting its present name. Renesas was among the world's six largest semiconductor companies during the 2000s and early 2010s. As of 2023, it ranked 16th globally in semiconductor sales and second in Japan. In 2024, it ranked second in the automotive microcontroller (MCU) market behind Infineon Technologies, and third in the overall MCU market behind NXP Semiconductors and Infineon. History Renesas Electronics was established in April 2010 through the merger of Renesas Technology and NEC Electronics. Renesas Technology had been formed in 2003 as a joint ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
