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Tiltwing Aircraft
A tiltwing aircraft features a wing that is horizontal for conventional forward flight and rotates up for vertical takeoff and landing. It is similar to the tiltrotor design where only the propeller and engine rotate. Tiltwing aircraft are typically fully capable of VTOL operations.Markman, Steve and Bill Holder. "Tilt-Wing VTOL Systems". ''Straight Up: A History of Vertical Flight''. Schiffer Publishing, 2000. . The tiltwing design offers certain advantages in vertical flight relative to a tiltrotor. Because the slipstream from the rotor strikes the wing on its smallest dimension, the tiltwing is able to apply more of its engine power to lifting the aircraft. For comparison, the V-22 Osprey tiltrotor loses about 10% of its thrust to interference from the wings. Another advantage of tiltwing aircraft is the ease of transition between VTOL and horizontal flight modes. A tiltrotor must first fly forwards like a helicopter, building airspeed until wing lift is sufficient to allow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
X-18 Tilting Its Wing Bw
X18 may refer to: * X18 (New York City bus) * Antasena-class combat boat * Hiller X-18, an American experimental aircraft * Onomichi Station, in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weserflug P
Weser Flugzeugbau GmbH, known as Weserflug, was an aircraft manufacturing company in Germany. History The company was founded in 1934 as a subsidiary of the ship and machine company Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG (DESCHIMAG). It began production that year at Berlin Tempelhof, and in Bremen. In 1935, Dr. Adolf Rohrbach became technical director of a new Weserflug factory at Lemwerder, near Bremen, which opened in 1936. He had been working on ideas for VTOL (Vertical TakeOff and Landing) aircraft since 1933, and now developed them further. In 1938, the company developed the Weserflug P.1003, a VTOL aircraft. It had 4 m diameter propellers that swivelled between horizontal and vertical, and could fly up to 650 km/h. It requires very complex gearing to tilt the wings without varying the power to the propellers, and therefore was never built. World War II During World War II Weserflug had another factory in Liegnitz. It built Ju 188 and Ju 388 bombers, one of which s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variable-incidence Wing
A variable-incidence wing has an adjustable angle of incidence relative to its fuselage. This allows the wing to operate at a high angle of attack for take-off and landing while allowing the fuselage to remain close to horizontal. The pivot mechanism adds extra weight over a conventional wing and increases costs, but in some applications the benefits can outweigh the costs. Several examples have flown, with one, the F-8 Crusader carrier-borne jet fighter, entering production. History Some early aeroplanes had wings which could be varied in incidence for control and trim, in place of conventional elevator control surfaces. Wing warping varied the incidence of the outer wing and was used by several pioneers, including initially the Wright brothers. Early examples of rigid variable-incidence wings were not particularly successful. They include the Mulliner Knyplane in 1911, the Ratmanoff monoplane in 1913 and the Paul Schmidt biplane, also in 1913. A patent for a rigid variab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PTOL
Point take off and landing (PTOL) is an evolving term describing special take-off and landing capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), tail-sitter and other aircraft. PTOL indicates that there is no requirement for a runway for operations (i.e., point-defence). Instead, 'point' suggests that the length of runway required is near zero, implying a minimal-sized location for touchdown and takeoff. Sometimes no prepared surface at all is needed. PTOL is assisted in certain cases by means which are not needed by vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) or by short take-off and landing (STOL) vehicles. These may include a very long cable enforcing the convergence of the aircraft from afar onto the intended touchdown point. This may still be worthwhile due to maintaining the air-vehicle's advantages which are maximal simplicity leading to better cruise performance, as is the case using a fixed-wing UAV platform. Advantages PTOL capability enables UAVs and aircraft to land and take ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coleopter
A coleopter is a type of VTOL aircraft design that uses a ducted fan as the primary fuselage of the entire aircraft. Generally they appear to be a large barrel-like extension at the rear, with a small cockpit area suspended above it. Coleopters are generally designed as tail-sitters. The term is an anglicisation of the French '' coléoptère'' "beetle" after the first actual implementation of this design, the SNECMA Coléoptère of the mid-1950s. Early experiments The first design of an aircraft clearly using the coleopter concept was developed during World War II. From 1944 on, the Luftwaffe was suffering from almost continual daytime attacks on its airfields and was finding it almost impossible to conduct large-scale operations. Their preferred solution was to introduce some sort of VTOL interceptor that could be launched from any open location, and there were many proposals for such a system. Heinkel conducted a series of design studies as part of their Heinkel Wespe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiltjet
A tiltjet is an aircraft propulsion configuration that was historically tested for proposed vertical take-off and landing (VTOL)-capable fighters. The tiltjet arrangement is, in concept, broadly similar to that of the tiltrotor; whereas a tiltrotor utilises pivotable rotors, the tiltjet employs jet engines capable of moving to angle their thrust between downwards and rearwards positions. A typical arrangement has the engines mounted on the wingtips, in which the entire propulsion system is rotated from axial to dorsal in order to achieve the transition from hover or vertical flight to horizontal. Aircraft of such a configuration are fully capable of performing VTOL operations, akin to a helicopter, as well as conducting high speed flights. However, the configuration has been restrained to experimental aircraft only, as other configurations for VTOL aircraft have been pursued instead. History During the 1950s, rapid advances in the field of jet propulsion, particularly in terms o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiltrotor
A tiltrotor is an aircraft that generates lift (force), lift and thrust, propulsion by way of one or more powered Helicopter rotor, rotors (sometimes called ''proprotors'') mounted on rotating shaft (mechanical engineering), shafts or nacelles usually at the ends of a fixed wing. Almost all tiltrotors use a transverse rotor design, with a few exceptions that use other multirotor layouts. Tiltrotor design combines the VTOL capability of a helicopter with the speed and range (aircraft), range of a conventional fixed-wing aircraft. For vertical flight, the rotors are angled so the plane of rotation is horizontal, generating lift the way a normal helicopter rotor does. As the aircraft gains speed, the rotors are progressively tilted forward, with the plane of rotation eventually becoming vertical. In this mode the rotors provide thrust as a propeller (aircraft), propeller, and the airfoil of the fixed wings takes over providing the lift via the forward motion of the entire aircra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tailsitter
A tail-sitter, or tailsitter, is a type of VTOL aircraft that takes off and lands on its tail, then tilts horizontally for forward flight. Originating in the 1920s with the inventor Nikola Tesla, the first aircraft to adopt a tail-sitter configuration were developed by Nazi Germany during the Second World War. Development of such aircraft spiked during the late 1940s and 1950s, as aircraft designers and defence planners alike recognised the potential value of fixed-wing aircraft that could perform both a vertical take-off and vertical landing while also transitioning into and out of conventional flight. Inherent problems with tail-sitter aircraft were poor pilot visibility and control difficulties, especially during vertical descent and landing. Programmes to develop manned tail-sitters were typically terminated in the form of the more practical thrust vectoring approach, as used by aircraft such as the Hawker Siddeley Harrier and Yakovlev Yak-38. Description A tail-sitter sits ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thrust Vectoring
Thrust vectoring, also known as thrust vector control (TVC), is the ability of an aircraft, rocket or other vehicle to manipulate the direction of the thrust from its engine(s) or motor(s) to Aircraft flight control system, control the Spacecraft attitude control, attitude or angular velocity of the vehicle. In rocketry and ballistic missiles that fly outside the atmosphere, aerodynamic Flight control surfaces, control surfaces are ineffective, so thrust vectoring is the primary means of Flight dynamics (fixed-wing aircraft), attitude control. Exhaust vanes and Gimbaled thrust, gimbaled engines were used in the 1930s by Robert H. Goddard, Robert Goddard. For aircraft, the method was originally envisaged to provide upward vertical thrust as a means to give aircraft vertical (VTOL) or short (STOL) takeoff and landing ability. Subsequently, it was realized that using vectored thrust in combat situations enabled aircraft to perform various maneuvers not available to conventional-en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Airbus A³ Vahana
The Airbus Vahana (Sanskrit: ''Vāhana'', or Vahanam literally means "vehicle") was an electric-powered eight-propeller VTOL personal air vehicle prototype, or eVTOL, financed by A³ (pronounced "A-cubed"), by Airbus and Airbus Urban Mobility. The Vahana project started in 2016 as one of the first projects at A³, the advanced projects and partnerships outpost of Airbus Group in Silicon Valley. Airbus "envision Vahana being used by everyday commuters as a cost-comparable replacement for short-range urban transportation like cars or trains". It was planned to be a part of urban air mobility. The project was finished in December 2019. Development The convertiplane aircraft design, funded by the European aircraft manufacturer Airbus, called Vahana (Sanskrit: "vehicle"), started in 2016. It was being developed at A³ (A-cubed), the expanded project and partnership outpost of Airbus in Silicon Valley. Airbus said "Our work on this demonstrator confirms our belief that fully au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LTV XC-142
The Ling-Temco-Vought (LTV) XC-142 is a tiltwing experimental aircraft designed to investigate the operational suitability of vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) transports. An XC-142A first flew conventionally on 29 September 1964, and completed its first transitional flight on 11 January 1965 by taking off vertically, changing to forward flight, and finally landing vertically. Its service sponsors pulled out of the program one by one, and it eventually ended due to a lack of interest after demonstrating its capabilities successfully. Development In 1959 the United States Army, Navy and Air Force began work on the development of a prototype V/STOL aircraft that could augment helicopters in transport-type missions. Specifically they were interested in designs with longer range and higher speeds than existing helicopters, in order to support operations over longer distances, or in the case of the United States Marine Corps, from further offshore. On 27 January 1961, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaman K-16B
The Kaman K-16B is an experimental VTOL, vertical-takeoff-and-landing aircraft that was constructed by Kaman Aircraft for the United States Navy in 1959 to evaluate the tiltwing concept. Converted from a Grumman Goose amphibian, the K-16B underwent extensive wind tunnel and Tethered flight test, tethered testing, but was not flown before the project was terminated in 1962. Design and development During the late 1950s, there was extensive interest in the VTOL, vertical takeoff and landing concept for aircraft, with multiple experimental types ordered to develop the technology for potential service. The United States Navy contracted with Kaman Aircraft of Bloomfield, Connecticut, to build a testbed based on the company's 'rotorprop' concept for tiltwing aircraft,Swanborough 1964, p.50. using a Grumman G-21 Goose, Grumman JRF-5 Goose amphibious aircraft, amphibian and other existing parts to reduce the cost and time necessary.''Jane's'' 1959–1960, p.331. The fuselage and tail of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
