|
Symmoriiformes
Symmoriiformes is an extinct order of cartilaginous fish. Originally named Symmoriida by Zangerl (1981), the name has since been corrected to Symmoriiformes to avoid confusion with a family. The symmoriiform fossils record begins during the late Devonian, and most had become extinct by the start of the Permian, with the genus '' Dwykaselachus'' from the Artinskian-Kungurian of South Africa being the latest known uncontroversial occurrence. Teeth described from the Valanginian of France and Austria indicate that members of the family Falcatidae might have survived until the Early Cretaceous; however, it has since been proposed that these teeth more likely belonged to neoselachian sharks. Fossil distribution Fossil evidence of Symmoriida have been found at Bear Gulch, Fergus County, Montana, Bethel Quarry, Pike County, Indiana, Kinshozan quarry, Alaska, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, Bashkortostan, Russian Federation and possibly also France. Classification Symmoriiformes were previ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dwykaselachus
''Dwykaselachus'' (pronounced dwike-a-selak-us) is an extinct genus of Symmoriiformes, symmoriiform, a cartilaginous fish that lived in what is now South Africa during the Permian period around 280 million years ago. It was first discovered in the 1980s, in a nodule of sediments from the Karoo Supergroup. ''Dwykaselachus'' was named based on Dwyka Group, the group of sedimentary geological formation in the southeastern part of Africa. It represents the place where the type species ''Dwykaselachus oosthuizeni'' was found. Prior to its discovery, symmoriiforms were thought to be related to sharks, in the group Elasmobranchii. However, CT scans of its relatively intact skull showed traits such as brain shape and inner ear structure that are shared with cartilaginous fish from the group Holocephali, which includes Chimaera, chimaeras. This implies that the first major radiation of cartilaginous fish after the Late Devonian extinction, Devonian extinction was in fact holocephalians, r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ozarcus
''Ozarcus'' is an extinct genus of symmoriiform cartilaginous fish from the Carboniferous period of Arkansas. The type species, ''Ozarcus mapesae'', was named in 2014 based on cartilaginous skulls from the Serpukhovian-age Fayetteville Formation. The genus is named after the Ozark Mountains (the region of discovery) while the species was named after its discoverer, G. K. Mapes. Discovery and naming The holotype fossil, AMNH FF20544 (formerly labelled as OUZC 5300), was a warped yet three-dimensionally-preserved skull with gill baskets that was discovered by G. K. Mapes. Three additional skulls referrable to ''Ozarcus'' are stored at the AMNH. A partial braincase ( FMNH PF 13242) from the same site, previously been referred to '' Cobelodus'' and described in detail in 2007, was referred to ''Ozarcus'' in 2017. Description ''Ozarcus'' has branchial arches (bones of the gill basket) with unexpected similarities to osteichthyans (bony fish) rather than chondrichthyans (cartilag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stethacanthidae
Stethacanthidae is an extinct family of prehistoric sharks. It is estimated to have existed approximately between 380 and 300 million years ago. Members of this family are noted for their peculiar dorsal fin. Introduction The taxonomic history of the Family Stethacanthidae has been rather complicated because the findings of complete skeletons are very unusual, and as result early workers such as St. John & Worthen, and Newberry were unable to recognise the association of the spine, dentition teeth, and dermal denticles of these sharks. The genus ''Stethacanthus'' was established by Newberry (1889)NEWBERRY, J.S., 1889. The Paleozoic fishes of North America. ''United States Geological Survey Monograph'', 16, 340pp. for a series of large thin walled, cartilage-cored spines encountered in Mississippian (Carboniferous Period) rocks of the mid-continental United States. Decomposition of the internal cartilage and compression during burial resulted in distortion of the spines, leadin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falcatidae
Falcatidae is a family of Paleozoic cartilaginous fish belonging to the order Symmoriiformes. Members of this family include '' Falcatus'', a small fish from the Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana. The family first appeared around the start of the Carboniferous, and there is some evidence that they survived well into the early Cretaceous, though its putative Cretaceous members were also argued to be more likely neoselachians. Genera *'' Denaea'' Ginter, M., Hampe., Duffin, C. 2010. Handbook of Paleoichthyology: Volume 3D- Paleozoic Elasmobranchii teeth. Verlag Dr. Freidrich Pfeil *'' Falcatus'' *'' Ozarcus''? *'' Stethacanthulus'' *'' Cosmoselachus'' *'' Cretacladoides''? – possible Early Cretaceous (Valanginian In the geologic timescale, the Valanginian is an age or stage of the Early or Lower Cretaceous. It spans between 137.05 ± 0.2 Ma and 132.6 ± 0.2 Ma (million years ago). The Valanginian Stage succeeds the Berriasian Stage of the Lower Cretac ...) member of the fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symmorium
''Symmorium'' is an extinct symmoriiform cartilaginous fish from the Devonian and Carboniferous of the United States (Illinois) and Russia. The type species, ''Symmorium reniforme'', was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1893, with other species assigned to the genus having since been reclassified into other genera such as '' Petalodus''. ''Symmorium'' bears close similarity in size and appearance to ''Stethacanthus ''Stethacanthus'' is an extinct genus of shark-like cartilaginous fish which lived from the Late Devonian to Late Carboniferous epoch, dying out around 298.9 million years ago. Fossils have been found in Australia, Asia, Europe and North Ameri ...'' but lacks the "spine-brush complex" in place of the first dorsal fin. Some paleontologists think that the two forms represented the males and females of related species, while other scientists think they were distinct genera.M. Ginter, O. Hampe, and C. J. Duffin. 2010. Chondrichthyes, Paleozoic Elasmobranchii: Teeth. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferromirum
''Ferromirum'' is an extinct genus of symmoriiform cartilaginous fish known from the late Devonian (mid Famennian) Ibâouane Formation in the southeastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco, with a single species ''Ferromirum oukherbouchi''. It is known from a single well preserved skeleton, which is of a small individual less than half a metre in length. The jaws and hyoid arch are preserved uncrushed. The skull has large orbits (eye sockets) which have sclerotic rings. The teeth are small and have a cladodont This is a typical Cladodont tooth, of a Glikmanius.html" ;"title="shark called ''Glikmanius">shark called ''Glikmanius'' Cladodont (from Latin cladus, meaning branch and Greek Odon, meaning tooth) is the term for a common category of early Devoni ... morphology. The body is slender. The first dorsal fin has a smooth fin spine, which curves posteriorly towards its tip. References Symmoriiformes Late Devonian cartilaginous fish Devonian cartilaginous fish of Africa Fossils ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kawichthys
''Kawichthys'' was an extinct genus of symmoriiform cartilaginous fish from Upper Pennsylvanian (Late Virgilian stage) deposits of Kansas, United States. ''Kawichthys'' is known from two well preserved three-dimensional neurocrania: the holotype KUVP 152144 is associated with some disturbed and broken postcranial elements, but the braincase is partially crushed, and the paratype KUVP 56340. It was collected from the Douglas Group, between the Haskell Limestone and the lower beds of the overlying Robbins Shale, previously classified as members of the Lawrence Formation or Stranger Formation, but now recognized as members of the extension of the Cass Limestone classification into Kansas. It was first named by Alan Pradel, Paul Tafforeau, John G. Maisey and Philippe Janvier in 2011 and the type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladoselachidae
Cladoselachidae is an extinct family of cartilaginous fishes closely related to, and possibly nested within, Symmoriiformes. They are characterized by having an elongated body with a spine in each of the two dorsal fins. In 2023, a paper describing a new cladoselachian, ''Maghriboselache'' found that it, and ''Cladoselache'', were the only members of the family, greatly limiting the temporal range for this group to the Late Devonian The Devonian ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era during the Phanerozoic eon, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the preceding Silurian period at million years ago ( Ma), to the beginning of the succeeding .... References Cladoselachiformes ''Dictionary of Zoology'' (1999).Evolution and paleontology (fish) Animal Aqua. Symmoriiformes Late Devonian cartilaginous fish Prehistoric cartilaginous fish families {{paleo-cartilaginous-fish-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symmoriidae
Symmoriidae is an extinct family of cartilaginous fish belonging to the order Symmoriiformes. Members of the family are known from the Devonian and Carboniferous The Carboniferous ( ) is a Geologic time scale, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), system of the Paleozoic era (geology), era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the ... periods. References Symmoriiformes Prehistoric cartilaginous fish families Late Devonian first appearances Pennsylvanian extinctions {{paleo-cartilaginous-fish-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chondrichthyes
Chondrichthyes (; ) is a class of jawed fish that contains the cartilaginous fish or chondrichthyans, which all have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage. They can be contrasted with the Osteichthyes or ''bony fish'', which have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. Chondrichthyes are aquatic vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, placoid scales, conus arteriosus in the heart, and a lack of opercula and swim bladders. Within the infraphylum Gnathostomata, cartilaginous fishes are distinct from all other jawed vertebrates. The class is divided into two subclasses: Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays, skates and sawfish) and Holocephali ( chimaeras, sometimes called ghost sharks, which are sometimes separated into their own class). Extant chondrichthyans range in size from the finless sleeper ray to the over whale shark. Anatomy Skeleton The skeleton is cartilaginous. The notochord is gradually replaced by a vertebral column during development, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Federation
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders of Russia, land borders with fourteen countries. Russia is the List of European countries by population, most populous country in Europe and the List of countries and dependencies by population, ninth-most populous country in the world. It is a Urbanization by sovereign state, highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the List of metropolitan areas in Europe, most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, while Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and Society and culture in Saint Petersburg, cultural centre. Human settlement on the territory of modern Russia dates back to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gifu Prefecture
is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu. Gifu Prefecture has a population of 1,910,511 () and has a geographic area of . Gifu Prefecture borders Toyama Prefecture to the north; Ishikawa Prefecture to the northwest, Fukui Prefecture and Shiga Prefecture to the west, Mie Prefecture to the southwest, Aichi Prefecture to the south, and Nagano Prefecture to the east. Gifu is the capital and largest city of Gifu Prefecture, with other major cities including Ōgaki, Kakamigahara, and Tajimi. Gifu Prefecture is located in the center of Japan, one of only eight landlocked prefectures, and features the country's center of population. Gifu Prefecture has served as the historic Intersection (road), crossroads of Japan with routes connecting the east to the west, including the Nakasendō, one of the Edo Five Routes, Five Routes of the Edo period. Gifu Prefecture was a long-term residence of Oda Nobunaga and Saitō Dōsan, two influential figur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
