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Phyllolepids
Phyllolepida ("leaf scales") is an Extinction (biology), extinct taxon of flattened placoderms found throughout the world, with fossils being found in Devonian stratum, strata. Like other flattened placoderms, the phyllolepids were bottom-dwelling predators that ambushed prey. Unlike other flattened placoderms, the phyllolepids were inhabitants of freshwater environments. Unlike the Rhenanida, the armor of the phyllolepids were made of whole plates, rather than numerous tubercles and scales, and unlike the Petalichthyida, the components of the comparatively wide mouth are known. The phyllolepids are considered to have been blind, as the orbits for the eyes are extremely small, so much so as to suggest that the eyes were vestigial, and that they were placed on the sides of the head, as opposed to visually-oriented bottom-dwelling predators, like, say Stargazer (fish), stargazers or flatfish, which have the eyes placed high on top of the head. Despite having a relatively clear idea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllolepididae
Phyllolepididae is one of two families of phyllolepid placoderms. The family, as a whole, is believed to be descended from the Chinese placoderm, ''Gavinaspis ''(which forms the other, monotypic family, "Gavinaspididae"). All but two genera are, more or less, restricted to freshwater habitats of the Early to Middle Devonian of Australia. By the Frasnian, the genus '' Placolepis'' would spread throughout the world, with fossils being found in Australia, Turkey, Venezuela, and Antarctica, and by the start of the Famennian, phyllolepids would become extinct in Australia (then eastern Gondwana), with only species of '' Phyllolepis'' surviving in freshwater environments of Europe and North America. With the exception of '' Yurammia''. all phyllolepids have distinct ornamentation consisting primarily of concentric rings. Genera ''Phyllolepis'' The type genus is restricted to freshwater Famennian strata of Europe and North America. It is also the youngest genus of phyllolepid, be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gavinaspis
''Gavinaspis'' is a phyllolepid placoderm which lived during the Early Devonian period (Late Lochkovian epoch), of Qujing, Yunnan province, south China. Discovery and naming The known fossil remains of ''Gavinaspis convergens'' were collected by the Early Vertebrate Research Group of IVPP during field trips from 1998 to 2006, and the species was officially published in 2008 in ''Geological Magazine''. The specimens are from the middle part of the Xitun Formation, which dates to the late Lochkovian. The Generic name (biology), generic name honors Dr Gavin C. Young of the Australian National University. The species is known from a portion of a skull roof (the holotype, IVPP V 15085-1, 2) and three left paranuchal plates. No thoracic material is known. References Phyllolepids Placoderms of Asia {{Placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placolepis
''Placolepis'' is an extinct genus of phyllolepid placoderm first discovered in New South Wales. ''Placolepis'' was the most widespread phyllolepid genus, with fossils found in Australia, Turkey, Venezuela and Antarctica Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean), it contains the geographic South Pole. .... References Phyllolepids Placoderms of Europe Placoderms of Australia Placoderms of North America Placoderms of Antarctica {{placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllolepis
''Phyllolepis'' (from the Greek roots for ‘leaf’ and ‘scale’)Murphy, Dennis C. 4..20.2016. “Phyllolepis rossimontia (placoderm).” ''Devonian'' Times. http://www.devoniantimes.org/who/pages/phyllolepis.html#credits is the type genus of Phyllolepida, an extinct taxon of arthrodire placoderm fish from the middle to late Devonian.“The life and times of Phyllolepis.” ''Phyllolepida''. Palaeos.com. 2005 http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/placodermi/phyllolepida.html The species of ''Phyllolepis'', themselves, are restricted to the Famennian-aged freshwater strata of the Late Devonian, around 360 million years ago. Fossils of this genus have been found primarily in Europe and North America. The end of the Devonian saw them disappear in a mass extinction. ''Phyllolepis'' lived in freshwater environments, possibly rivers and streams. As with all other known phyllolepids, ''Phyllolepis'' were presumed to have been blind, bottom-dwelling predators that detected prey through sensor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrophyllolepis
''Austrophyllolepis ''is an extinct genus of phyllolepid arthrodire placoderm from Middle to Late Devonian freshwater strata of Australia. The type species, ''A. ritchiei'' is found in Givetian to early Frasnian-aged freshwater strata near what is now Mount Howitt. A second species, ''A. dulciensis'', is found from Middle Devonian freshwater strata from the Dulcie Sandstone of Georgina Basin, Central Australia Central Australia, also sometimes referred to as the Red Centre, is an inexactly defined region associated with the geographic centre of Australia. In its narrowest sense it describes a region that is limited to the town of Alice Springs and .... References A New Phyllolepid Placoderm Occurrence (Devonian Fish) from the Dulcie Sandstone, Georgina Basin, Central Australia. Placoderms of Australia Phyllolepids Fossil taxa described in 1984 Placoderm genera {{placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thorax
The thorax (: thoraces or thoraxes) or chest is a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen. In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions of the body, each in turn composed of multiple segments. The human thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. The chest may be affected by many diseases, of which the most common symptom is chest pain. Etymology The word thorax comes from the Greek θώραξ ''thṓrax'' " breastplate, cuirass, corslet" via . Humans Structure In humans and other hominids, the thorax is the chest region of the body between the neck and the abdomen, along with its internal organs and other contents. It is mostly protected and supported by the rib cage, spine, and shoulder girdle. Contents The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller islands. It has a total area of , making it the list of countries and dependencies by area, sixth-largest country in the world and the largest in Oceania. Australia is the world's flattest and driest inhabited continent. It is a megadiverse countries, megadiverse country, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and Climate of Australia, climates including deserts of Australia, deserts in the Outback, interior and forests of Australia, tropical rainforests along the Eastern states of Australia, coast. The ancestors of Aboriginal Australians began arriving from south-east Asia 50,000 to 65,000 years ago, during the Last Glacial Period, last glacial period. By the time of British settlement, Aboriginal Australians spoke 250 distinct l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antarctica
Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean), it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being about 40% larger than Europe, and has an area of . Most of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, with an average thickness of . Antarctica is, on average, the coldest, driest, and windiest of the continents, and it has the highest average elevation. It is mainly a polar desert, with annual Climate of Antarctica#Precipitation, precipitation of over along the coast and far less inland. About 70% of the world's freshwater reserves are frozen in Antarctica, which, if melted, would raise global sea levels by almost . Antarctica holds the record for the Lowest temperature recorded on Earth, lowest measured temperature on Earth, . The coastal regions can reach temperatures over in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venezuela
Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It comprises an area of , and its population was estimated at 29 million in 2022. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas. The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Colombia, Brazil on the south, Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east and on the east by Guyana. Venezuela is a presidential republic consisting of States of Venezuela, 23 states, the Venezuelan Capital District, Capital District and Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, federal dependencies covering Venezuela's offshore islands. Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north and in the capital. The territory o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turkish people, Turks, while ethnic Kurds in Turkey, Kurds are the Minorities in Turkey, largest ethnic minority. Officially Secularism in Turkey, a secular state, Turkey has Islam in Turkey, a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya. First inhabited by modern humans during the Late Paleolithic, present-day Turkey was home to List of ancient peoples of Anatolia, various ancient peoples. The Hattians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after India, representing 17.4% of the world population. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and Borders of China, borders fourteen countries by land across an area of nearly , making it the list of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest country by land area. The country is divided into 33 Province-level divisions of China, province-level divisions: 22 provinces of China, provinces, 5 autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions, 4 direct-administered municipalities of China, municipalities, and 2 semi-autonomous special administrative regions. Beijing is the country's capital, while Shanghai is List of cities in China by population, its most populous city by urban area and largest financial center. Considered one of six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
