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Philippine Revolution
The Philippine Revolution ( or ; or ) was a war of independence waged by the revolutionary organization Katipunan against the Spanish Empire from 1896 to 1898. It was the culmination of the 333-year History of the Philippines (1565–1898), colonial rule of Spain in the archipelago. The Captaincy General of the Philippines, Philippines was one of the last major colonies of the Spanish Empire, which had already suffered Spanish American wars of independence, a massive decline in the 1820s. Cuban War of Independence, Cuba rebelled in 1895, and in 1898, the United States Spanish–American War, intervened and the Spanish soon capitulated. In June, Philippine revolutionaries Philippine Declaration of Independence, declared independence. However, it was not recognized by Spain, which sold the islands to the United States in the Treaty of Paris (1898), Treaty of Paris. Led by Andrés Bonifacio, the Katipunan was formed in secrecy in 1892 in the wake of the nascent La Liga Filipina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decolonization Of Asia
The decolonisation of Asia was the gradual growth of independence movements in Asia, leading ultimately to the retreat of foreign powers and the creation of several nation-states in the region. Background The decline of Spain and Portugal in the 17th century paved the way for other European powers, namely the Netherlands, France and England. Portugal would lose influence in all but three of its colonies, Portuguese India, Portuguese Macau, Macau and Portuguese Timor, Timor. By the end of the 17th century, the Dutch had taken over much of the old Portuguese colonies, and had established a strong presence in present-day Indonesia, with colonies in Aceh, Banten (town), Bantam, Makassar and Jakarta. The Dutch also had trade links with Siam, Japan, China and Bengal. The British had competed with Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch for their interests in Asia since the early 17th century and by the mid-19th century held much of India (via the British East India Company), as well as Burm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tagalog Republic
Tagalog Republic (; ) is a term used to refer to two revolutionary governments involved in the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire and the Philippine–American War. Both were connected to the '' Katipunan'' revolutionary movement. Etymology The term ''Tagalog'' commonly refers to both an ethno-linguistic group in the Philippines and their language. ''Katagalugan'' often refers to the Tagalog-speaking regions of the island of Luzon in the Philippine archipelago. However, the ''Katipunan'' secret society extended the meaning of these terms to all of the natives in the Philippine islands. The society's primer explains its use of ''Tagalog'' in a footnote: The revolutionary Carlos Ronquillo wrote in his memoirs: In this respect, ''Katagalugan'' may be translated as the "Tagalog nation." Andrés Bonifacio, a founding member of the ''Katipunan'' and later its supreme head (''Supremo''), promoted the use of ''Katagalugan'' for the Philippine nation. The term "Fili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emilio Jacinto
Emilio Jacinto y Dizon (; December 15, 1875 – April 16, 1899) was a Filipinos, Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution. He was one of the highest-ranking officers in the Philippine Revolution and was one of the highest-ranking officers of the revolutionary society ''Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan'', or simply and more popularly called ''Katipunan'', being a member of its Supreme Council. He was elected Secretary of State for the Haring Bayang Katagalugan, a revolutionary government established during the outbreak of hostilities. He is popularly known in Philippine history textbooks as the ''Brains of the Katipunan'' (Filipino:Utak ng Katipunan) while some contend he should be rightfully recognized as the "Brains of the Revolution" (Filipino language, Filipino: ''Utak ng Himagsikan,'' a title that is usually given to Apolinario Mabini). Jacinto was present in the so-called Cry of Pugad Lawin (or Cry of Balintawak) with Andrés Bonifaci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ladislao Diwa
Ladislao Diwa y Nocon (June 27, 1863 − March 12, 1930) was a Filipino patriot who was among the founders of the Katipunan that initiated the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896. Early years He was born in San Roque, Cavite to Mariano Diwa and Cecilia Nocon and was educated at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and later studied for the priesthood at the University of Santo Tomas. But he had to abandon his ecclesiastical studies just before his ordination in order to pursue law. He believed that due to the political unrest in the country, he would be able to serve in a much greater capacity as a lawyer than as a priest. He studied law instead and it was while he was studying law that Diwa met Andrés Bonifacio who often distributed propaganda material, authored by José Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar during the Propaganda Movement in Spain, inside the university campus. The two became close friends and Diwa later boarded with Teodoro Plata at Bonifacio's house in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teodoro Plata
Teodoro Plata (1866 – February 6, 1897) was a Filipino patriot, and a co-founder of the Katipunan, the secret society which sparked the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule in 1896. He met Andrés Bonifacio at a boarding house in Manila along with Ladislao Diwa who was then a law student at the University of Santo Tomas. Bonifacio, Diwa and Plata were all freemasons who were inspired by the nationalistic objectives of the Propaganda Movement in Europe. Plata was a member of La Liga Filipina, which was founded by José Rizal to push for reforms in the Spanish colonial administration. But he agreed with Bonifacio and Diwa who believed that the time was ripe for an armed uprising. On July 6, 1892, upon learning of Rizal's exile to Dapitan island in Mindanao, Plata, Bonifacio and Diwa decided to form a secret society to prepare for a revolution against Spain. The following day, they met with their friends and fellow freemasons Deodato Arellano, Valentin Díaz and José ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Román Basa
Román Bása (February 29, 1848 – February 6, 1897) was a Filipino patriot who was the second ''Supremo'' or leader of the Katipunan, the secret society which sparked the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule in 1896. Personal life, education and career Basa was born to Mariano Basa and Dorotea Esteban in San Roque, Cavite where he also completed his primary schooling. He was an alumnus of Escuela Nautica de Manila, now known as the Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA). He was employed in the Comandancia de Marina in Manila as ''oficial segundo'', which is a senior position for a clerk. He married Josefa Inocencio, the cousin of Maximo Inocencio (one of the thirteen martyrs of Cavite). They had two children: Cristina Luz and Lucio. After his death, his son Lucio would adopt the surname Torres. La Liga Filipina Basa was a member of the La Liga Filipina and used the name Baesa Bata. Basa would support Marcelo H. Del Pilar in secretly propagating the newspaper ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (: March 22, 1869February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who became the first List of presidents of the Philippines, president of the Philippines (1899–1901), and the first president of an Asia (continent), Asian constitutional republic. He served the 2nd shortest term as president of the Philippines, lasting for only 2 years and 27 days, only behind Sergio Osmeña by 516 days, of which, he only lasted from August 1, 1944 to May 28, 1946. He led the Philippine forces first against Spain in the Philippine Revolution (1896–1898), then in the Spanish–American War (1898), and finally against the United States during the Philippine–American War (1899–1901). He is regarded in the Philippines as having been the country's first president during the period of the First Philippine Republic, though he was not recognized as such outside of the Philippine Revolution, revolutionary Philippines. Aguinaldo is known as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrés Bonifacio
Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro (, ; November 30, 1863May 10, 1897) was a Filipino people, Filipino revolutionary leader. He is often called "The Father of the Philippines, Philippine Philippine Revolution, Revolution", and considered a national heroes of the Philippines, national hero of the Philippines.. He was a co-founder and later ''Kataastaasang Pangulo'' (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Presidente Supremo'', “Supreme President”, often shortened by contemporaries and historians to ''Supremo'') of the ''Katipunan, Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan'' more commonly known as the "Katipunan", a movement that sought the independence of the Philippines from Spanish Empire, Spanish colonial rule and started the Revolution. Bonifacio reorganized the ''Katipunan'' into a revolutionary government, with himself as ''Pangulo'' (President) of a nation-state called ''Haring Bayang Katagalugan'' (“Sovereign Nation of the Tagalog People” or “Sovereign Taga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pampanga In The Philippine Revolution
Pampanga in the Philippine Revolution remained almost wholly loyal to Spanish suzerainty, with only few Maginoo, noble Kapampangan families defecting to the Katipunan. Kapampangan people, Kapampangan involvement in defending Captaincy General of the Philippines, Spanish interests began when the Philippine Revolution, Revolution broke out, with many Timawa, freemen enlisting in Spanish forces. However, Tagalog people, Tagalog rebels would eventually infiltrate the province and begin a campaign of Definition of terrorism, terrorism. Once Spain lost the Battle of Manila Bay, Spanish forces in Pampanga retreated to Macabebe and awaited their return to Spain. Republican forces would raze and loot Kapampangan towns for their cooperation with Spanish forces. To avenge their losses, many Kapampangans would enlist with the Americans to defeat the Philippine Republic. Background The inhabitants of Pampanga cooperated closely with Spanish authorities, with Kapampangans forming the bulk of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Captaincy General Of The Philippines
The Captaincy General of the Philippines was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire in Southeast Asia governed by a governor-general as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City until Mexican independence when it was transferred directly to Madrid. Also known as the Captaincy General of the Spanish East Indies, which included among others the Philippine Islands, the Mariana Islands, and the Caroline Islands. It was founded in 1565 with the first permanent Spanish forts. For centuries, all the administrative, political and economic aspects of the Captaincy General were administered in Mexico City by the Viceroyalty of New Spain for the Spanish Crown. However, in 1821, following the independence of the Mexican Empire, all control was transferred to Madrid. It was succeeded by the short-lived First Philippine Republic following its independence through the Philippine Revolution. History Early explorations After a long, tolling voyage across ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Government Of The Philippines
The Revolutionary Government of the Philippines () was a revolutionary government established in the Spanish East Indies on June 23, 1898, during the Spanish–American War, by Emilio Aguinaldo, its initial and only president. The government succeeded a dictatorial government that had been established by Aguinaldo on June 18 and was dissolved and replaced by this government upon its establishment. This government endured until January 23, 1899, when the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution established an insurgent Philippine Republic government that replaced it. Four governmental departments were initially created, each having several bureaus: foreign relations, marine, and commerce; war and public works; police, justice, instruction, and hygiene; finance, agriculture, and industry. A revolutionary congress was established with power " watch over the general interest of the Philippine people, and carrying out of the revolutionary laws; to discuss and vote upon said law ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictatorial Government Of The Philippines
The Dictatorial Government of the Philippines () was an insurgent government in the Spanish East Indies inaugurated during the Spanish–American War by Emilio Aguinaldo in a public address on May 24, 1898, on his return to the Philippines from exile in Hong Kong, and formally established on June 18. The government was officially a dictatorship with Aguinaldo formally holding the title of "Dictator". The government was succeeded by a revolutionary government which was established by Aguinaldo on June 23. In 1896, the Philippine Revolution began. In December 1897, the Spanish government and the revolutionaries signed a truce, the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, requiring that the Spanish pay the revolutionaries 800,000 pesos and that Aguinaldo and other leaders go into exile in Hong Kong. In April 1898, at the outbreak of the Spanish–American War, Commodore George Dewey aboard the U.S.S. ''Olympia'' sailed from Hong Kong to Manila Bay leading the Asiatic Squadron of the U.S. Navy. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
