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Phengodidae
The beetle family Phengodidae is known also as glowworm beetles, whose larvae are known as glowworms. The females and larvae have bioluminescent organs. They occur throughout the New World from extreme southern Canada to Chile, numbering over 250 species in total. The recently recognized members of the Phengodidae, the Cydistinae, are found in Western Asia. The family Rhagophthalmidae, an Old World group, used to be included in the Phengodidae. Larval and larviform female glowworms are predators, feeding on millipedes and other arthropods occurring in soil and litter. The winged males, which are often attracted to lights at night, are short-lived and probably do not feed. Females are much larger than the males and are completely larviform. Males may be luminescent, but females and larvae have a series of luminescent organs on trunk segments which emit yellow or green light, and sometimes an additional head organ which emits red light, as in railroad worms. This family is d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cenophengus
''Cenophengus'' is a genus of glowworm beetles in the family Phengodidae. There are at least 30 described species in ''Cenophengus''. Species * ''Cenophengus baios'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 2003 * ''Cenophengus brunneus'' Wittmer, 1976 * ''Cenophengus ciceroi'' Wittmer, 1981 *''Cenophengus cuicatlaensis'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 2008 * ''Cenophengus debilis'' LeConte, 1881 *''Cenophengus gardunoi'' Vega-Badillo, Morrone & Zaragoza-Caballero, 2021 *''Cenophengus gorhami'' Zaragoza-Callero, 1986 *''Cenophengus hnogamui'' Vega-Badillo, Zaragoza-Caballero & Ríos-Ibarra, 2021 *''Cenophengus howdeni'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 1986 *''Cenophengus huatulcoensis'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 2008 *''Cenophengus kikapu'' Vega-Badillo, Zaragoza-Caballero & Ríos-Ibarra, 2021 * ''Cenophengus longicollis'' Wittmer, 1976 * ''Cenophengus magnus'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 1988 * ''Cenophengus major'' Wittmer, 1976 * ''Cenophengus marmoratus'' Wittmer, 1976 *''Cenophengus mboi'' Vega-Badillo, Zaragoza-Caballero & Ríos-Iba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cydistinae
The Cydistinae are a subfamily of phengodid beetles (Phengodidae). It contains the genera '' Cydistus'' and '' Microcydistus''. The Cydistinae were until recently, ''incertae sedis'' due to their strange morphological characteristics, however molecular phylogenetics have shown them to be members of the Phengodidae. Unlike other Phengogidae, which are found exclusively in the Americas, Cydistinae are found in western Asia, including Southern and eastern Turkey, Jordan, Israel, Iraq, Iran, and possibly Syria. The biology of Cydistinae larva and adult females are not known, as only adult males have been described thus far. But, given that all the known larvae and neotenic larva-like females of the closely related Rhagophthalmidae and Phengodidae The beetle family Phengodidae is known also as glowworm beetles, whose larvae are known as glowworms. The females and larvae have bioluminescent organs. They occur throughout the New World from extreme southern Canada to Chile, numberi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glowworm (4213020277)
Glowworm or glow-worm is the common name for various groups of insect larvae and adult larviform females that glow through bioluminescence. They include the European common glow-worm and other members of the Lampyridae, but bioluminescence also occurs in the families Elateridae, Phengodidae and Rhagophthalmidae among beetles; as well as members of the genera ''Arachnocampa'', ''Keroplatus'' and ''Orfelia'' among keroplatid fungus gnats. Beetles Four families of beetles are bioluminescent. The wingless larviform females and larvae of these bioluminescent species are usually known as "glowworms". Winged males may or may not also exhibit bioluminescence. Their light may be emitted as flashes or as a constant glow, and usually range in colour from green, yellow, to orange. The families are closely related, and are all members of the beetle superfamily, Elateroidea. Phylogenetic analyses have indicated that bioluminescence may have a single evolutionary origin among the families Lampy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glowworm
Glowworm or glow-worm is the common name for various groups of insect larvae and adult larviform females that glow through bioluminescence. They include the European common glow-worm and other members of the Lampyridae, but bioluminescence also occurs in the families Elateridae, Phengodidae and Rhagophthalmidae among beetles; as well as members of the genera ''Arachnocampa'', '' Keroplatus'' and '' Orfelia'' among keroplatid fungus gnats. Beetles Four families of beetles are bioluminescent. The wingless larviform females and larvae of these bioluminescent species are usually known as "glowworms". Winged males may or may not also exhibit bioluminescence. Their light may be emitted as flashes or as a constant glow, and usually range in colour from green, yellow, to orange. The families are closely related, and are all members of the beetle superfamily, Elateroidea. Phylogenetic analyses have indicated that bioluminescence may have a single evolutionary origin among the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhagophthalmidae
The Rhagophthalmidae are a family of beetles within the superfamily Elateroidea. Members of this beetle family have bioluminescent organs on the larvae, and sometimes adults, and are closely related to the Phengodidae ( American glowworm beetles), though historically they have been often treated as a subfamily of Lampyridae, or as related to that family. Some recent evidence suggested that they were the sister group to the Phengodidae, and somewhat distantly related to Lampyridae, whose sister taxon was Cantharidae, but more reliable genome-based phylogenetics placed (Rhagophthalmidae + Phengodidae) as the sister group to the Lampyridae. Whatever their relationships may be, Rhagophthalmidae are distributed in the Old World, and little is known of their biology. Females are usually wingless and look like larvae, but have an adult beetle's eyes, antennae and legs; in the genus '' Diplocladon'', they resemble larvae even more, with small light organs on all trunk segments. Larvae an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lampyridae
The Lampyridae are a family of elateroid beetles with more than 2,000 described species, many of which are light-emitting. They are soft-bodied beetles commonly called fireflies, lightning bugs, or glowworms for their conspicuous production of light, mainly during twilight, to attract mates. The type species is '' Lampyris noctiluca'', the common glow-worm of Europe. Light production in the Lampyridae is thought to have originated as a warning signal that the larvae were distasteful. This ability to create light was then co-opted as a mating signal and, in a further development, adult female fireflies of the genus ''Photuris'' mimic the flash pattern of the '' Photinus'' beetle to trap their males as prey. Fireflies are found in temperate and tropical climates. Many live in marshes or in wet, wooded areas where their larvae have abundant sources of food. Although all known fireflies glow as larvae, only some species produce light in their adult stage, and the location o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railroad Worm
A railroad worm is a larva or larviform female adult of a beetle of the genus ''Phrixothrix'' in the family Phengodidae, characterized by the possession of two different colors of bioluminescence. It has the appearance of a caterpillar Caterpillars ( ) are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths). As with most common names, the application of the word is arbitrary, since the larvae of sawflies (suborder .... The eleven pairs of luminescent organs on their second thoracic segment through their ninth abdominal segment can glow yellowish-green, while the pair on their head can glow red; this is due to different luciferases in their bodies, as the reaction substrate, called luciferin, is the same. The "railroad worm" name arises because these glowing spots along the body resemble the windows of train cars internally illuminated in the night. The light emissions are believed to be a warning signal to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phengodes
''Phengodes'' is a genus of glowworms in the beetle family Phengodidae. There are more than 30 described species in ''Phengodes''. Species * '' Phengodes arizonensis'' Wittmer, 1976 * '' Phengodes atezcana'' Zaragoza, 1980 * '' Phengodes bella'' Barber, 1913 * '' Phengodes bimaculata'' Gorham, 1881 * '' Phengodes bipennifera'' Gorham, 1881 * '' Phengodes bolivari'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 1981 * '' Phengodes brailovskyi'' Zaragoza & Wittmer, 1986 * ''Phengodes chamelensis ''Phengodes'' is a genus of glowworms in the beetle family Phengodidae. There are more than 30 described species in ''Phengodes''. Species * ''Phengodes arizonensis'' Wittmer, 1976 * ''Phengodes atezcana'' Zaragoza, 1980 * ''Phengodes bella'' ...'' Zaragoza, 2004 * '' Phengodes championi'' Pic, 1927 * '' Phengodes ecuadoriana'' Wittmer, 1988 * '' Phengodes fenestrata'' Wittmer, 1976 * '' Phengodes frontalis'' LeConte, 1881 * '' Phengodes fusciceps'' LeConte, 1861 * '' Phengodes inflata'' Wittmer, 1976 * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence is the emission of light during a chemiluminescence reaction by living organisms. Bioluminescence occurs in multifarious organisms ranging from marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in some Fungus, fungi, microorganisms including some bioluminescent bacteria, Dinoflagellate, dinoflagellates and terrestrial arthropods such as Firefly, fireflies. In some animals, the light is bacteriogenic, produced by symbiosis, symbiotic bacteria such as those from the genus ''Vibrio''; in others, it is autogenic, produced by the animals themselves. In most cases, the principal chemical reaction in bioluminescence involves the reaction of a substrate called luciferin and an enzyme, called luciferase. Because these are generic names, luciferins and luciferases are often distinguished by the species or group, e.g. firefly luciferin or Vargulin, cypridina luciferin. In all characterized cases, the enzyme Catalysis, catalyzes the Redox, oxidation of the luciferin resultin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mastinocerinae
The Mastinocerinae are a subfamily of phengodid beetles (Phengodidae). It contains mostly Central and South American species. They are also known as "railroad worms". Genera Source: * '' Akamboja'' Roza, Quintino, Mermudes & Silveira, 2017, 5 spp. * '' Brasilocerus'' Wittmer, 1963, 9 spp. * ''Cenophengus ''Cenophengus'' is a genus of glowworm beetles in the family Phengodidae. There are at least 30 described species in ''Cenophengus''. Species * ''Cenophengus baios'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 2003 * ''Cenophengus brunneus'' Wittmer, 1976 * ''Cenophengu ...'' LeConte, 1881, 23 spp. * '' Cephalophrixothrix'' Wittmer, 1976, 3 spp. * '' Decamastinocerus'' Wittmer, 1988, 2 spp. * '' Distremocephalus'' Wittmer, 1976, 11 spp. * '' Eurymastinocerus'' Wittmer, 1976, 8 spp. * '' Euryognathus'' Wittmer, 1976, 2 spp. * '' Euryopa'' Gorham, 1881, 8 spp. * '' Howdenia'' Wittmer, 1976, 10 spp. * '' Mastinocerus'' Solier, 1849 ** subgenus '' Mastinocerus'' Solier, 1849, 18 spp. ** subgenus '' Para ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omethidae
Omethidae is a family of Elateroidea sometimes known as the false soldier beetles. They are native to South, Southeast and Eastern Asia and the Americas. Their biology is obscure and their larvae are unknown. They appear to inhabit vegetation in or surrounding forests, and are probably active during the day. Classification and taxonomy There are some 40 species in 11 genera, divided into four subfamilies. Long-lipped beetles (Telegeusinae) were formerly treated as a family Telegeusidae but are most recently treated as a subfamily within Omethidae. According to other recent studies, Phengodidae might possibly include (or be sister taxon In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and ... to) the telegeusines.Zaragoza-Caballero & Zurita-Garcia (2015) A preliminary study on the phylog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
