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Mutual Broadcasting System
The Mutual Broadcasting System (commonly referred to simply as Mutual; sometimes referred to as MBS, Mutual Radio or the Mutual Radio Network) was an American commercial radio network in operation from 1934 to 1999. In the Golden Age of Radio, golden age of U.S. radio drama, Mutual was best known as the original network home of ''Lone Ranger#Original radio series, The Lone Ranger'' and ''The Adventures of Superman (radio series), The Adventures of Superman'' and as the long-time radio residence of ''The Shadow''. For many years, it was a national broadcaster for Major League Baseball on Mutual, Major League Baseball (including the Major League Baseball All-Star Game, All-Star Game and World Series), the National Football League, and Notre Dame Fighting Irish football. From the 1930s until the network's dissolution in 1999, Mutual ran a respected news service along with a variety of lauded news and commentary programs. In the 1970s, Mutual pioneered the nationwide late night call- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Radio Network
There are two types of radio network currently in use around the world: the one-to-many (simplex communication) broadcast network commonly used for public information and mass media, mass-media entertainment, and the two-way radio (Duplex (telecommunications), duplex communication) type used more commonly for public safety and public services such as police, fire, taxicabs, and delivery services. Cell phones are able to send and receive simultaneously by using two different frequencies at the same time. Many of the same components and much of the same basic technology applies to all three. The two-way type of radio network shares many of the same technologies and components as the broadcast-type radio network but is generally set up with fixed broadcast points (transmitters) with co-located receivers and mobile receivers/transmitters or transceivers. In this way both the fixed and mobile radio units can communicate with each other over broad geographic regions ranging in size from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Cooperative
A cooperative (also known as co-operative, coöperative, co-op, or coop) is "an autonomy, autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically-controlled wikt:Enterprise, enterprise". Cooperatives are democratically controlled by their members, with each member having one vote in electing the board of directors. They differ from Collective farming, collectives in that they are generally built from the bottom-up, rather than the top-down. Cooperatives may include: * Worker cooperatives: businesses owned and managed by the people who work there * Consumer cooperatives: businesses owned and managed by the people who consume goods and/or services provided by the cooperative * Producer cooperatives: businesses where producers pool their output for their common benefit ** e.g. Agricultural cooperatives * Purchasing cooperatives where members pool their purchasing power ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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American Broadcasting Company
The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an American Commercial broadcasting, commercial broadcast Television broadcaster, television and radio Radio network, network that serves as the flagship property of the Disney Entertainment division of the Walt Disney Company. ABC is headquartered on Riverside Drive in Burbank, California, directly across the street from Walt Disney Studios (Burbank), Walt Disney Studios and adjacent to the Team Disney – Roy E. Disney Animation Building. The network maintains secondary offices at 77 66th Street (Manhattan), West 66th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City, which houses its broadcast center and the headquarters of its news division, ABC News (United States), ABC News. Since 2007, when ABC Radio (also known as Cumulus Media Networks) was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC has reduced its broadcasting operations almost exclusively to television. The youngest of the "Big Three (American television), Big Three" American ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Network Affiliate
In the broadcasting industry (particularly in North America, and even more in the United States), a network affiliate or affiliated station is a local broadcaster, owned by a company other than the owner of the network, which carries some or all of the lineup of television programs or radio programs of a television or radio network. This distinguishes such a television or radio station from an owned-and-operated station (O&O), which is owned by the parent network. Notwithstanding this distinction, it is common in informal speech (even for networks or O&Os themselves) to refer to any station, O&O or otherwise, that carries a particular network's programming as an affiliate, or to refer to the status of carrying such programming in a given market as an "affiliation". Overview Stations which carry a network's programming by method of affiliation maintain a contractual agreement, which may allow the network to dictate certain requirements that a station must agree to as part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Liberty Broadcasting System
The Liberty Broadcasting System (commonly referred to simply as Liberty; sometimes referred to as LBS, Liberty Radio or the Liberty Radio Network) was a U.S. radio network of the late 1940s and early 1950s founded by Gordon McLendon, which mainly broadcast live recreations of Major League Baseball games, by following the action via Western Union ticker reports. The sound effects were very realistic, and many listeners were not aware the broadcasters were not announcing the action live. At that time some major league teams and almost all minor league baseball clubs used recreations of their road games as an economy measure. Availability Founded in 1948, the network was mainly in Texas and the southwest but did have nine affiliates in Oregon, an outlet in Los Angeles, Seattle, and as of September 29, 1950, WHAV in Haverhill, Massachusetts. At one time, it had close to 500 radio stations on the line, being second in size only to the Mutual Broadcasting System. Major League Bas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Progressive Broadcasting System
The Progressive Broadcasting System (PBS) was an American commercial radio network of 1950-51. "Catering to smaller radio stations," the company had hoped to affiliate with around 1,000 radio stations in the United States which did not already have affiliation agreements with the top three national radio networks of the era: NBC, CBS, and ABC; or two smaller national networks: Mutual, and Liberty. The Evening Review, a newspaper from East Liverpool, Ohio announced the company's formation on November 20th, 1950. Broadcasts began November 26, 1950. Two hundred stations were needed for the network to break even. However, only "about 100 stations" joined, and the network folded at the end of its schedule on January 31, 1951. Organization After "nearly two years of planning and organization", PBS had capitalization of $1,500,000 and was incorporated in California. Executives of the network included Miller McClintock, chairman and chief executive; Larry Finley, president; Don ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Mutual Lifestyle Radio
Mutual Lifestyle Radio (MLR) was a radio network launched by the Mutual Broadcasting System. It was created in the early 1970s as Mutual Progressive Network (a.k.a. MPN) when Mutual, having lost their lawsuit attempting to prevent ABC from splitting into four radio networks in 1968, decided to take a similar tactic, also launching Mutual Black Network (a.k.a. MBN), Mutual Cadena Hispánica (translated to " Mutual Spanish Network"), & regional outlet Mutual Southwest Network. The network was re-branded in 1980 and subsequently abandoned in 1983. MLR aired an hourly newscast at 55 minutes past the hour, which focused primarily on "" and stories aimed at contemporary and AOR radio Radio is the technology of communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 3 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitter connec ... audiences. The newscast was originally branded " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Mutual Spanish Network
The Mutual Spanish Network (MSN; known in Spanish as Mutual Cadena Hispánica or MCH) was a short-lived radio network spun off of the Mutual Broadcasting System in 1972. Creation In the spring of 1972, Mutual Broadcasting System ("Mutual") president C. Edward Little announced the creation of two new networks designed to target minority audiences: the Mutual Black Network (MBN) and the Mutual Spanish Network (MSN), or Mutual Cadena Hispánica (MCH). Both services signed on May 1, 1972; MBN had 32 affiliates, while MSN//MCH began with 17 affiliates, mostly in the southwestern United States. Miguel Bomar was hired as news director for MSN/MCH, which aired 16 newscasts every day at :45 minutes past the hour between 7:45 a.m. and 11:45 p.m. eastern time. Two sportscasts were fed weekdays, three on Saturday and Sunday. One advertisement for the new network (headlined "A Spanish News Network? ''Si!''") stated, "Now, for the first time, advertisers can reach the U.S. Spanish m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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American Urban Radio Networks
American Urban Radio Networks (AURN) is the only African-American-owned-and-operated Nielsen RADAR-rated radio network in the United States. The American Urban Radio Networks has been privately held since its founding, and it has not changed ownership since it was formed in 1991 through a merger of the Sheridan Broadcasting Network (SBN), previously known as the Mutual Black Network, and the National Black Network (NBN). AURN reaches an estimated 40 million listeners weekly on over 6,000 affiliates and provides the advertising community with multiple networks and marketing, gaming, and digital capabilities. AURN is the only African-American broadcasting company with a desk in the White House and has offices in New York City, Pittsburgh, Boston, Chicago, and Los Angeles. History American Urban Radio Networks was formed in 1991 from a merger of the Sheridan Broadcasting Network (SBN) and National Black Network (NBN). SBN was previously known as the Mutual Black Network (MB ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Mutual Black Network
The Mutual Black Network (MBN) was founded by the Mutual Broadcasting System in 1972 as the first national full-service radio network aimed at African Americans; it was initially branded as Mutual Reports Network (MRN) before the branding change to MBN. With 98 affiliated stations across the United States, including flagship WNJR in New York, the network broadcast an hourly five-minute newscast at 50 minutes past the hour. It also aired sports and feature programs, and for one year beginning in the spring of 1974, a 15-minute daily soap opera called ''Sounds Of The City''. Some of its special programming focused on African-American history, much of which was researched, written and narrated by MBN news anchor Ben Frazier. Other MBN news anchors included Glen Ford, John Askew and Ed Castleberry; Castleberry also hosted a celebrity interview program, ''Soul of Entertainment''. In 1979, the Mutual Black Network was purchased by Sheridan Broadcasting, an African American-owned co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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ABC Audio
ABC Audio is a radio syndicator, radio network and digital audio network in the United States. It is under the ownership of The Walt Disney Company, parent company of American Broadcasting Company (ABC), with satellite distribution being handled by Linkup Communications. It launched on January 1, 2015, as ABC Radio; it was renamed ABC Audio in 2019. Background ABC Radio originally began after the split of NBC Red and NBC Blue (later Blue Network) networks with ABC taking over operations of the latter from RCA in 1943 before adopting its name 2 years later. ABC Radio was known to broadcast the first nationwide report of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Kennedy was shot in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas, at 18:30 UTC on November 22, 1963, and ABC Radio's Don Gardiner anchored the network's initial bulletin at 18:36:50 UTC, minutes before any other radio or television network followed suit. The networks associated with ABC included Watermark Inc. (which ABC bought ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |