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Mimiviridae
''Mimiviridae'' is a family of viruses. Amoeba and other protists serve as natural hosts. The family contains three subfamilies that contain nine genera., UCPMS ID: 1889607PDF/ref> Fig. 4 and §Discussion: "Considering that tupanviruses comprise a sister group to amoebal mimiviruses..." Viruses in this family belong to the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus clade (NCLDV), also referred to as giant viruses. History The first member of this family, Mimivirus, was discovered in 2003, and the first complete genome sequence was published in 2004. However, the mimivirus Cafeteria roenbergensis virus was isolated and partially characterized in 1995, although the host was misidentified at the time, and the virus was designated BV-PW1. Taxonomy The family contains the following subfamilies and genera (-''virinae'' denotes subfamily and -''virus'' denotes genus): * '' Aliimimivirinae'' ** '' Rheavirus'' * '' Klosneuvirinae'' ** '' Fadolivirus'' ** '' Theiavirus'' ** '' Yasminev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Virus
''Nucleocytoviricota'' is a phylum of viruses. Members of the phylum are also known as the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV), which serves as the basis of the name of the phylum with the suffix - for virus phylum. These viruses are referred to as nucleocytoplasmic because they are often able to replicate in both the host's cell nucleus and cytoplasm. The phylum is notable for containing the giant viruses. There are nine families of NCLDVs that all share certain genomic and structural characteristics; however, it is uncertain whether the similarities of the different families of this group have a common viral ancestor. One feature of this group is a large genome and the presence of many genes involved in DNA repair, DNA replication, transcription (biology), transcription, and translation (biology), translation. Typically, viruses with smaller genomes do not contain genes for these processes. Most of the viruses in this family also replicate in both the host's cell nucleus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupanvirus
''Tupanvirus'' is a genus of viruses first described in 2018. The genus is composed of two species of virus that are in the giant virus group. Researchers discovered the first isolate in 2012 from deep water sediment samples taken at 3,000 m depth off the coast of Brazil. The second isolate was collected from a soda lake in Southern Nhecolândia, Brazil in 2014. They are named after Tupã (Tupan), a Guaraní thunder god, and the places they were found. These are the first viruses reported to possess genes for amino-acyl tRNA synthetases for all 20 standard amino acids. Classification The genus ''Tupanvirus'' was first described in 2018 with the discovery of the two isolates of tupanviruses found in soda lake and deep oceanic sediment samples collected in Brazil. The genus is currently unassigned but hypothesized to be a member of the family ''Mimiviridae'', along with the other amoeba-infecting viruses. Members of the family ''Mimiviridae'' include ''Acanthamoeba polyphaga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mimiviridae
''Mimiviridae'' is a family of viruses. Amoeba and other protists serve as natural hosts. The family contains three subfamilies that contain nine genera., UCPMS ID: 1889607PDF/ref> Fig. 4 and §Discussion: "Considering that tupanviruses comprise a sister group to amoebal mimiviruses..." Viruses in this family belong to the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus clade (NCLDV), also referred to as giant viruses. History The first member of this family, Mimivirus, was discovered in 2003, and the first complete genome sequence was published in 2004. However, the mimivirus Cafeteria roenbergensis virus was isolated and partially characterized in 1995, although the host was misidentified at the time, and the virus was designated BV-PW1. Taxonomy The family contains the following subfamilies and genera (-''virinae'' denotes subfamily and -''virus'' denotes genus): * '' Aliimimivirinae'' ** '' Rheavirus'' * '' Klosneuvirinae'' ** '' Fadolivirus'' ** '' Theiavirus'' ** '' Yasminev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mimivirus
''Mimivirus'' is a genus of giant viruses, in the family ''Mimiviridae''. It is believed that Amoeba serve as their natural hosts. It also refers to a group of phylogenetically related large viruses. In colloquial speech, APMV is more commonly referred to as just "mimivirus". Mimivirus, short for "mimicking microbe", is so called to reflect its large size and apparent Gram-staining properties. Mimivirus has a large and complex genome compared with most other viruses. Until 2013, when a larger virus ''Pandoravirus'' was described, it had the largest capsid diameter of all known viruses. History APMV was discovered accidentally in 1992 within the amoeba ''Acanthamoeba, Acanthamoeba polyphaga'', after which it is named, during research into legionellosis by researchers from Marseille and Leeds. The virus was observed in a Gram stain and mistakenly thought to be a Gram-positive bacterium. As a consequence it was named ''Bradfordcoccus'', after Bradford, England, where the amoeba h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giant Viruses
A giant virus, sometimes referred to as a girus, is a very large virus, some of which are larger than typical bacteria. All known giant viruses belong to the phylum '' Nucleocytoviricota''. Description While the exact criteria as defined in the scientific literature vary, giant viruses are generally described as viruses having large, pseudo- icosahedral capsids (200 to 400 nanometers in diameter) that may be surrounded by a thick (approximately 100 nm) layer of filamentous protein fibers. The viruses have large, double-stranded DNA genomes (300 to >1000 kilobasepairs) that encode a large contingent of genes (of the order of 1000 genes). The best characterized giant viruses are the phylogenetically related mimivirus and megavirus, which belong to the family ''Mimiviridae'' (aka ''Megaviridae''), and are distinguished by their large capsid diameters. Giant viruses from the deep ocean, terrestrial sources, and human patients contain genes encoding cytochrome P450 (CYP; P450) en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klosneuvirus
''Klosneuvirus'' (KNV, also KloV) is a new type of giant virus found by the analysis of low-complexity metagenomes from a wastewater treatment plant in Klosterneuburg, Austria. It has a 1.57-Mb genome coding unusually high number of genes typically found in cellular organisms, including aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases with specificities for 19 different amino acids, over 10 translation factors and several tRNA-modifying enzymes. ''Klosneuvirus'', '' Indivirus'', '' Catovirus'' and '' Hokovirus'', are part of a group of giant viruses denoted as Klosneuviruses or '' Klosneuvirinae'', a proposed subfamily of the ''Mimiviridae''. Species in this clade include ''Bodo saltans virus'' infecting the kinetoplastid ''Bodo saltans''. Phylogenetic tree topology of ''Mimiviridae'' is still under discussion. As Klosneuviruses are related to ''Mimivirus'', it was proposed to put them all together into a subfamily ''Megavirinae''. Other authors (CNS 2018) like to put Klosneuviruses just ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indivirus
''Indivirus'' (IndV) is a genus of giant double-stranded DNA-containing viruses ( NCLDV). This genus was detected during the analysis of metagenome samples of bottom sediments of reservoirs at the wastewater treatment plant in Klosterneuburg, Austria. New ''Klosneuvirus'' (KNV), '' Hokovirus'' and '' Catovirus'' genera (all found in these sewage waters) were also described together with ''Indivirus'', building up a putative virus subfamily '' Klosneuvirinae'' (Klosneuviruses) with KNV as type genus. ''Indivirus'' has a genome of 0.86 million base pairs (660 gene families). This is the smallest genome among Klosneuviruses as mentioned above. GC content is 26.6 % Classification of metagenome, made by analyzing 18S rRNA indicate that their hosts are relate to the simple Cercozoa. Phylogenetic tree topology of ''Mimiviridae'' is still under discussion. Some authors (CNS 2018) like to put Klosneuviruses together with '' Cafeteria roenbergensis virus'' (CroV) and ''Bodo saltans virus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hokovirus
''Hokovirus'' (HokV) is a genus of giant double-stranded DNA-containing viruses ( NCLDV). This genus was detected during the analysis of metagenome samples of bottom sediments of reservoirs at the wastewater treatment plant in Klosterneuburg, Austria. New ''Klosneuvirus'' (KNV), '' Catovirus'' and ''Indivirus'' genera (all found in these sewage waters) were also described together with ''Hokovirus'', building up a putative virus subfamily '' Klosneuvirinae'' (Klosneuviruses) with KNV as type genus. ''Hokovirus'' has a large genome of 1.33 million base pairs (881 gene families). This is the third largest genome among known Klosneuviruses after KNV (1.57 million base pairs, 1272 gene families) and ''Catovirus''. GC content is 21.4 % Classification of metagenome, made by analyzing 18S rRNA indicate that their hosts are relate to the simple Cercozoa. Phylogenetic tree topology of ''Mimiviridae'' is still under discussion. Some authors (CNS 2018) like to put Klosneuviruses together wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catovirus
''Catovirus'' (CatV) is a genus of giant double-stranded DNA–containing viruses (nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses). This genus was detected during the analysis of metagenome samples of bottom sediments of reservoirs at the wastewater treatment plant in Klosterneuburg, Austria. New ''Klosneuvirus'' (KNV), ''Hokovirus'' and ''Indivirus'' genera (all found in these sewage waters) were also described together with ''Catovirus'', building up a putative virus subfamily '' Klosneuvirinae'' (Klosneuviruses) with KNV as type genus. ''Catovirus'' has a large genome of 1.53 million base pairs (1176 gene families). This is the second largest genome among known Klosneuviruses after KNV (1.57 million base pairs, 1272 gene families). GC content is 26.4 % Classification of metagenomes made by analyzing 18S rRNA indicate that their hosts may be related to the simple Cercozoa. The phylogenetic tree topology of ''Mimiviridae'' is still under discussion. Some authors (CNS 2018) like to put Klosn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cafeteria Roenbergensis Virus
''Cafeteria roenbergensis'' virus (CroV), scientific name ''Rheavirus sinusmexicani'', is a giant virus that infects the marine bicosoecid flagellate ''Cafeteria roenbergensis'', a member of the microzooplankton community. History The virus was isolated from seawater samples collected from the Gulf of Mexico during 1989 to 1991, on a flagellate host that was misidentified as belonging to the genus ''Bodo''; hence the original designation of the virus as BV-PW1. The virus was shown to be about 300 nm in diameter and have a complex internal structure, as well as evidence of a putative tail-like structure. Further work on the virus indicated that the host was an isolate of the genus ''Cafeteria'' and that the genome had a G+C content of ~34%. Further analysis suggested that the helicase of the virus was phylogenetically related to those found in the family ''Asfarviridae'', and that the virus shared properties with members of the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses group. CroV ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, more than 16,000 of the millions of virus species have been described in detail. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent viral particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) genetic material, i.e., long molecules of DNA or RNA that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megavirus
''Megavirus'' is a viral genus, phylogenetically related to '' Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus'' (APMV). In colloquial speech, ''Megavirus chilense'' is more commonly referred to as just "Megavirus". Until the discovery of pandoraviruses in 2013, it had the largest capsid diameter of all known viruses, as well as the largest and most complex genome among all known viruses. Discovery ''Megavirus'' was isolated from a water sample collected in April 2010 off the coast of Chile, near the marine station in Las Cruces, by Jean-Michel Claverie and Chantal Abergel from the Structural & Genomic Information laboratory (IGS, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University). Megavirus was isolated by co-cultivation with a variety of ''Acanthamoeba'' laboratory strains ('' Acanthamoeba polyphaga'', '' Acanthamoeba castellanii'', '' Acanthamoeba griffini'') following a protocol pioneered by Timothy Rowbotham for isolating intracellular parasitic bacteria. Megavirus infects amoebas. Structure The Me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
