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Kosovan Literature
The literature of Kosovo is composed of literary texts written in Albanian, Serbian, Bosnian, and Turkish, specifically by authors of Kosovo. Kosovo produced several prominent writers in the Ottoman era. However, Ottoman authorities banned the written use of the Albanian language until 1912. This policy continued during Serb rule until the outbreak of World War II. After the war, school tests were mostly in Serbian due to historic circumstances; after Serbia acquired Kosovo, Albanian-language schooling and publishing were suppressed. Underground literature flourished in the late 1940s, which were written and published in Albanian. Under Aleksandar Ranković, everybody who bought the Albanian-language newspaper Rilindja was registered with the secret police. Full Albanian-language and cultural facilities were granted by the Yugoslav constitution of 1974, and Kosovo Albanian literature and culture flourished. Serbian literature in Kosovo Kosovo, as well as Raška and Mount Athos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lazar Vučković
Lazar Vučković (1937 – 26 August 1966) was a Serbian and Yugoslav poet. Along with poets and writers Petar Šarić, Vukašin Filipović, Darinka Jevrić, Radosav Stojanović and Vladan Virijević, he is considered one of the leading 20th-century Serbian writers from Kosovo and Metohija. Biography He grew up in Gornje Selo, near Sredska, on the slopes of the Šar Mountains, where he finished elementary school. He studied high school in Ferizaj. He was a journalist and reporter for the "Jedinstvo" newspaper in Priština. He was one of the first Serbian post-war poets in Kosovo and Metohija. He also wrote stories and poeticized reports for the newspaper ''Jedinstvo''. He published his first works in ''Jedinstvo'' and the magazines ''Stremljenja'', ''Omladini'', ''Mladosti'', ''Susretima'', ''Jeta e re'', ''Rilindja'', ''Odjek''. Vučković drowned in Lake Ohrid together with the Montenegrin poet Blažo Šćepanović, at a time when they were participating in the Struga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obscurantism
In philosophy, obscurantism or obscurationism is the Anti-intellectualism, anti-intellectual practice of deliberately presenting information in an wikt:abstruse, abstruse and imprecise manner that limits further inquiry and understanding of a subject. ''Obscurantism'' has been defined as opposition to the dissemination of knowledge and as writing characterized by deliberate vagueness. In the 18th century, Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment philosophers applied the term ''obscurantist'' to any enemy of intellectual enlightenment and the liberal diffusion of knowledge. In the 19th century, in distinguishing the varieties of obscurantism found in metaphysics and theology, from the "more subtle" obscurantism of the critical philosophy of Immanuel Kant and of modern philosophical skepticism, Friedrich Nietzsche said that: "The essential element in the black art of obscurantism is not that it wants to darken individual understanding, but that it wants to blacken our picture of the world ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Bloc
The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, the Workers Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was an unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991). These states followed the ideology of Marxism–Leninism, in opposition to the Capitalism, capitalist Western Bloc. The Eastern Bloc was often called the "Second World", whereas the term "First World" referred to the Western Bloc and "Third World" referred to the Non-Aligned Movement, non-aligned countries that were mainly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America but notably also included former Tito–Stalin split, pre-1948 Soviet ally Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia, which was located in Europe. In Western Europe, the term Eastern Bloc generally referred to the USSR and Central and Eastern European countries in the Comecon (East Germany, Polish Peo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bejte
A bayt (, , ) is a metrical unit of Arabic, Azerbaijani, Ottoman, Persian, Punjabi, Sindhi and Urdu poetry. In Arabic poetry, a bayt corresponds to a single line divided into two hemistichs of equal length, each containing two, three or four feet, or from 16 to 32 syllables."Arabian Poetry for English Readers," by William Alexander Clouston (1881)p. 379in Google Books In Persian, Turkic and Urdu poetry, the word bayt has come to refer to two lines (like a couplet, although the two lines of a Persian, Turkic or Urdu bayt do not have to rhyme). William Alexander Clouston concluded that this fundamental part of Arabic prosody originated with the Bedouins or Arabs of the desert, as, in the nomenclature of the different parts of the line, one foot is called "a tent-pole", another "tent-peg" and the two hemistichs of the verse are called after the folds or leaves of the double-door of the tent or "house". Through Ottoman Turkish, it got into Albanian as and the bards of Muslim t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bejtexhi
A bejtexhi (, , a compound of Arabic ] and [from Turkish , occupational suffix]; plural: bejtexhinj ) was a popular bard of the Muslim tradition in Ottoman Albania. The genre of literature created by bejtexhinj in the 18th century prevailed in different cities of what is now Albania, Kosovo, Chameria as well as in religious centers. The spread of the bejtexhinj was a product of two different significant factors. One factor was a demand in religious practices to write in Albanian and to free it from foreign influence. The other factor was the accretion of ideological pressure from Turkish rulers. The ruling Ottomans sought the submission of Albanians through the Muslim religion and culture. Albania rulers opened their own schools with many bejtexhinj in attendance. History The bejtexhinj wrote Albanian in the Elifba alphabet, an adaption of the Ottoman Turkish alphabet, often with heavy influence from Ottoman Turkish in the form of loanwords. Bejtexhi literature had two deve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tahir Efendi Jakova
Tahir Efendi Gjakova (1770–1850 or 1835), also known as Tahir Efendi Boshnjaku or The Great Efendi (), was an Albanian religious leader of the Yakova region in Kosovo, as well as one of the most known Albanian bejtexhinj. He lived and served as a clergyman in Yakova. The best known work from him, ''Emni Vehbije'' (The Offering) was published with Arabic alphabet in Istanbul in 1835. A reprint of it with Latin alphabet was done in 1907 in Sofia, Bulgaria.Tahir Efendi Gjakova (in Albanian), 06 June 2014 Life Tahir Efendi is also referred as Tahir Efendi Boshnjaku (the ) because of his birthplace, the village of[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aşık Çelebi
Pir Mehmed ("Mehmed the Pir"; 1520–1572), better known as Aşık Çelebi ("Gentleman Bard" in Turkish), was an Ottoman biographer, poet, and translator. Born in Prizren, he served as '' kadi'' (judge) in many towns of the Rumelia. His major work ''Senses of Poets'' (Meşairü'ş-Şuara) of 1568 is of major importance. Life and work Çelebi was born in Prizren,Ottoman Empire. His birth name was Pir Mehmed, and descended from a Turkish seyyid family. After his father's death in 1535 (941 in Ottoman calendar) he departed for Filibe and later to Istanbul. He studied in a medrese in Istanbul under best tutors of his time and received an excellent education. His first civil servant position was that of a court secretary in Bursa. There he was also a trustee of a vakif. He returned to Istanbul in 1546. There he obtained a clerical position of justice with the help of his tutor Emir Gisu. He applied for the position of the head cleric of the Imperial Council left vacant afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waqf
A (; , plural ), also called a (, plural or ), or ''mortmain'' property, is an Alienation (property law), inalienable charitable financial endowment, endowment under Sharia, Islamic law. It typically involves donating a building, plot of land or other assets for Muslim religious or charitable purposes with no intention of reclaiming the assets. A charitable trust may hold the donated assets. The person making such dedication is known as a ('donor') who uses a ''mutawalli'' ('trustee') to manage the property in exchange for a share of the revenues it generates. A waqf allows the state to provide social services in accordance with Islamic law while contributing to the preservation of cultural and historical sites. Although the system depended on several hadiths and presented elements similar to practices from pre-Islamic cultures, it seems that the specific full-fledged Islamic legal form of financial endowment, endowment called dates from the 9th century CE (see below ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Turkish Language
Ottoman Turkish (, ; ) was the standardized register (sociolinguistics), register of the Turkish language in the Ottoman Empire (14th to 20th centuries CE). It borrowed extensively, in all aspects, from Arabic and Persian language, Persian. It was written in the Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Ottoman Turkish was largely unintelligible to the less-educated lower-class and to rural Turks, who continued to use ("raw/vulgar Turkish"; compare Vulgar Latin and Demotic Greek), which used far fewer foreign loanwords and is the basis of the modern standard. The Tanzimat, Tanzimât era (1839–1876) saw the application of the term "Ottoman" when referring to the language ( or ); Modern Turkish uses the same terms when referring to the language of that era ( and ). More generically, the Turkish language was called or "Turkish". History Historically, Ottoman Turkish was transformed in three eras: * (Old Ottoman Turkish): the version of Ottoman Turkish used until the 16th century. It wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
