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Hyoscyameae
Hyoscyameae is an Old World Tribe (biology), tribe of the subfamily Solanoideae of the flowering plant family Solanaceae. It comprises seven genera: ''Anisodus'', ''Atropa'', ''Atropanthe'', ''Hyoscyamus'', ''Physochlaina'', ''Przewalskia'' and ''Scopolia''. The genera ''Atropanthe'' and ''Przewalskia'' are monotypic, the first being endemic to China and the second to Tibet. All seven genera of the tribe are poisonous and have a long tradition of use as medicinal plants, being rich in tropane alkaloids with anticholinergic properties. Furthermore, the genera ''Atropa'', ''Hyoscyamus'', ''Scopolia'' and ''Physochlaina'' have furnished entheogens - the first three in the historical context of European witchcraft and, more specifically, of the flying ointments employed in such practices, while the similar chemistry of the remaining genera points to the potential for entheogenic use. Six of the genera have dry, pyxidial fruits i.e. capsules dehiscing by an Operculum (botany), operculu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atropanthe
''Atropanthe'' (Chinese (language), Chinese name 天蓬子 ''tian peng zi'') is a Monotypic taxon, monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to tribe Hyoscyameae of subfamily Solanoideae of the family Solanaceae. The single species, ''Atropanthe sinensis'' is native to the temperate forests of S. Central China (to Hunan). It is a herbaceous perennial (specifically a rhizomatous hemicryptophyte) which bears a marked similarity (particularly in regard to the form of the petal, corolla) to the related genus Atropa - whence the genus name Atropanthe ( meaning ‘having a flower resembling that of Atropa’). Unlike Atropa, however (and in common with the other genera belonging to subtribe Hyoscyaminae of Hyoscyameae) Atropanthe bears a dry, Capsule (fruit), pyxidial fruit, resembling a pot with a lid (Atropa, the sole member of subtribe Atropinae, bears, by contrast, a fruit taking the form of a juicy, glistening berry). Description A Glabrousness, glabrous (apart from the Tric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scopolia
''Scopolia'' is a genus of four species of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae, native to Europe and Asia. The genus is named after Giovanni Scopoli (1723–88), a Tyrolean naturalist. The genus has a disjunct distribution, with two recognised species in Central to Eastern Europe, (including the Caucasus), and two species in East Asia. The two European species are: *'' Scopolia carniolica'' Jacq. of Slovenia, Austria and the Carpathian Mountains *'' Scopolia caucasica'' Kolesn. ex Kreyer of the Caucasus and the two Asiatic species are: *'' Scopolia lutescens'' Y.N. Lee of Korea *'' Scopolia japonica'' Maxim. of Japan The four species in the equally medicinal genus '' Anisodus'' *'' Anisodus tanguticus'' ( Maxim.) Pascher *'' Anisodus luridus'' Link ex Spreng. *'' Anisodus carniolicoides'' (C.Y.Wu & C.Chen) D'Arcy & Z.Y.Zhang *'' Anisodus acutangulus'' C.Y.Wu & C.Chen have in the past been placed in the genus Scopolia, as has the monotypic genus Atropanthe with it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solanaceae
Solanaceae (), commonly known as the nightshades, is a family of flowering plants in the order Solanales. It contains approximately 2,700 species, several of which are used as agricultural crops, medicinal plants, and ornamental plants. Many members of the family have high alkaloid contents, making some highly toxic, but many—such as tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, and peppers—are commonly used in food. Originating in South America, Solanaceae now inhabits every continent on Earth except Antarctica. After the K—Pg extinction event they rapidly diversified and have adapted to live in deserts, tundras, rainforests, plains, and highlands, and taken on wide range of forms including trees, vines, shrubs, and epiphytes. Nearly 80% of all nightshades are included in the subfamily Solanoideae, most of which are members of the type genus ''Solanum''. Most taxonomists recognize six other subfamilies: Cestroideae, Goetzeoideae, Nicotianoideae, Petunioideae, Schizanthoideae, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scopolia Japonica
''Scopolia japonica'', also Japanese belladonna or Korean scopolia, is a flowering plant species in the genus '' Scopolia'' - one of the eight genera in tribe Hyoscyameae of the nightshade family Solanaceae. The coumarins umbelliferone and scopoletin have been isolated from the roots of ''Scopolia japonica''. The hairy roots technique has also been used to produce the alkaloids scopolamine and hyoscyamine Hyoscyamine (also known as daturine or duboisine) is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid and plant toxin. It is a secondary metabolite found in certain plants of the family Solanaceae, including Hyoscyamus niger, henbane, Mandragora officina .... Gallery File:미치광이풀.JPG, Plant in flower. File:Scopolia japonica-06.JPG, Single flower (interior). File:Eykman1883-Scopoliae Rhizoma.jpg, ''Scopoliae Rhizoma'' (root of ''Scopolia japonica'') References Hyoscyameae Flora of Japan Taxa named by Karl Maximovich {{Solanales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scopolia Carniolica
''Scopolia carniolica'', the European scopolia or henbane bell, is a poisonous plant belonging to tribe Hyoscyameae of the nightshade family Solanaceae. It bears dark brownish-violet nodding flowers on long, slender pedicels. It grows to in height. Its toxicity derives from its high levels of tropane alkaloids, particularly atropine. The concentration of atropine is highest in the roots. ''Scopolia carniolica'' grows on wet soils in beech forests of Southeastern Europe from lowlands to the mountainous zones, being native to a region stretching from the eastern Alps to the eastern Carpathians and also naturalised farther east in southwestern European Russia, Russia.Starý, František, Poisonous Plants (Hamlyn colour guides) – pub. Paul Hamlyn April, 1984, translated from the Czech by Olga Kuthanová. The rare form ''Scopolia carniolica'' f. ''hladnikiana'' (which differs from the common form in having a Corolla (flower), corolla that is greenish yellow, both inside and out) is n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physochlaina
''Physochlaina'' is a small genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plants belonging to the nightshade family, Solanaceae, found principally in the north-western provinces of China (and regions adjoining these in the Himalaya and Central Asia) although one species occurs in Western Asia, while others occur in Siberia, Mongolia and the Chinese autonomous region of Inner Mongolia. Some sources maintain that the widespread species ''P. physaloides'' is found also in Japan, but the species is not recorded as being native in one of the few English-language floras of the country. The genus has medicinal value, being rich in tropane alkaloids, and is also of Ornamental plant, ornamental value, three species having been grown for ornament, although hitherto infrequently outside botanical gardens. Furthermore, the genus contains a species (''P. physaloides'' – recorded in older literature under the synonyms ''Hyoscyamus physalodes'', ''Hyoscyamus physaloides'' and ''Scopolia physaloides'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solanoideae
Solanoideae is a subfamily of the flowering plant family Solanaceae, and is sister to the subfamily Nicotianoideae. Within Solanaceae, Solanoideae contains some of the most economically important genera and species, such as the tomato (''Solanum lycopersicum''), potato (''Solanum tuberosum''), eggplant or aubergine (''Solanum melongena''), chili and bell peppers (''Capsicum'' spp.), mandrakes ('' Mandragora'' spp.), and jimson weed ('' Datura stramonium''). This subfamily consists of several well-established tribes: Capsiceae, Datureae, Hyoscyameae, Juanulloeae, Lycieae, Nicandreae, Nolaneae, Physaleae, Solandreae, and Solaneae. The subfamily also contains the contended tribes Mandragoreae and Jaboroseae. Tribal relationships The relationship between the tribes has recently been well described. Nicandreae is the most basal tribe of the family, placing sister to the other 9 (or by some counts 11) tribes. Datureae lies sister to Nicandreae, Physaleae, Capsiceae, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyoscyamus Niger
Henbane (''Hyoscyamus niger'', also black henbane and stinking nightshade) is a poisonous plant belonging to tribe Hyoscyameae of the nightshade family ''Solanaceae''. Henbane is native to temperate Europe and Siberia, and naturalised in Great Britain and Ireland. Historical use The name ''henbane'' dates from AD 1265; "bane" meant 'thing that causes death'. Other etymologies of ''henbane'' derive from the Indo-European stem ''bhelena'' meaning "crazy plant" and with the Proto-Germanic element ''bil'' meaning "vision", "hallucination", "magical power", and "miraculous ability". Historically, henbane was used in combination with other plants, such as the mandrake, the deadly nightshade, and datura, as an anaesthetic potion, and for its psychoactive properties in "magic brews". These psychoactive properties include visual hallucinations and a sensation of flight.Schultes & Smith 1976, p. 22 It was originally used in continental Europe, Asia, and the Arab world, though it did sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anisodus
''Anisodus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae. Habitat It is native to China, Tibet, India, Bhutan, and Nepal. Medicinal uses One species, ''Anisodus tanguticus'' (), is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medicine, alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China. A large share of its claims are pseudoscientific, with the majority of treatments having no robust evidence .... Species *'' Anisodus acutangulus'' C.Y.Wu & C.Chen **''Anisodus acutangulus'' var. acutangulus **''Anisodus acutangulus'' var. breviflorus C.Y.Wu & C.Chen *'' Anisodus carniolicoides'' (C.Y.Wu & C.Chen) D'Arcy & Z.Y.Zhang *'' Anisodus luridus'' Link ex Spreng. *'' Anisodus tanguticus'' (Maxim.) Pascher Gallery File:Anisodus luridus (18347062049).jpg, ''Anisodous luridus'' in flower File:Anisodus luridus (18345559270).jpg, ''Anisodus luridus'' showing bud and interior ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atropa
''Atropa'' is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae: tall, calcicole, herbaceous perennials (rhizomatous hemicryptophytes), bearing large leaves and glossy berries particularly dangerous to children, due to their combination of an attractive, cherry-like appearance with a high toxicity. Atropa species favour temperate climates and alkaline soils, often growing in light shade in woodland environments associated with limestone hills and mountains. Their seeds can remain viable in the soil for long periods, germinating when the soil of sites in which plants once grew (but from which plants have long been absent) is disturbed by human activity or by natural causes, e.g. the windthrow of trees (a property shared by the seeds of other Solanaceae in tribe Hyoscyameae e.g. those of Hyoscyamus spp., the henbanes). The best-known member of the genus Atropa is deadly nightshade ('' A. belladonna'') – the poisonous plant ''par excellence'' in the minds of many. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Przewalskia
''Przewalskia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Solanaceae. Its native range is western and central China, Tibet to eastern Himalaya. The genus name of ''Przewalskia'' is in honour of Nikolay Przhevalsky Nikolay Mikhaylovich Przhevalsky (or Prjevalsky;; , . – ) was a Russian geographer and a renowned explorer of Central and East Asia. Although he never reached his ultimate goal, the city of Lhasa in Tibet, he still travelled through regio ... (1839–1888), a Russian Imperial geographer and a renowned explorer of Central and East Asia. It was first described and published in Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, séries 3, Vol.27 on page 507 in 1882. Known species, according to Kew: *'' Przewalskia shebbearei'' *'' Przewalskia tangutica'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q15281685 Hyoscyameae Solanaceae genera Plants described in 1882 Flora of North-Central China Flora of South-Central China Flora of Qinghai Flora of Tibet Flora of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atropa Baetica
''Atropa'' is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae: tall, calcicole, herbaceous perennials (rhizomatous hemicryptophytes), bearing large leaves and glossy berries particularly dangerous to children, due to their combination of an attractive, cherry-like appearance with a high toxicity. Atropa species favour temperate climates and alkaline soils, often growing in light shade in woodland environments associated with limestone hills and mountains. Their seeds can remain viable in the soil for long periods, germinating when the soil of sites in which plants once grew (but from which plants have long been absent) is disturbed by human activity or by natural causes, e.g. the windthrow of trees (a property shared by the seeds of other Solanaceae in tribe Hyoscyameae e.g. those of Hyoscyamus spp., the henbanes). The best-known member of the genus Atropa is deadly nightshade ('' A. belladonna'') – the poisonous plant ''par excellence'' in the minds of many. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
