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Helmand Culture
Pottery vessel from Shahr-e Sukhteh The Helmand culture (also Helmand civilization), 3300–2350 BCE,Vidale, Massimo, (15 March 2021)"A Warehouse in 3rd Millennium B.C. Sistan and Its Accounting Technology" in Seminar "Early Urbanization in Iran". is a Bronze Age culture that flourished mainly in the middle and lower valley of the Helmand River, originally in eastern Iran ( Zabol, other name: Sistan in Sistan and Baluchestan Province) and southern Afghanistan (Kandahar, Helmand and Nimruz provinces) , predominantly in the third millennium BCE. The people of the Helmand culture lived partly in cities with temples and palaces, providing evidence for a complex and advanced social structure. The main cities so far known are Shahr-i Sokhta (in Zabol, Iran) and Mundigak (in modern Afghanistan). Research on the finds from both places showed that these cities shared the same culture. These are the earliest discovered cities in this part of the world, although the village Mehrgarh fur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elamite Language
Elamite, also known as Hatamtite and formerly as Scythic, Median, Amardian, Anshanian and Susian, is an extinct language that was spoken by the ancient Elamites. It was recorded in what is now southwestern Iran from 2600 BC to 330 BC. Elamite is generally thought to have no demonstrable relatives and is usually considered a language isolate. The lack of established relatives makes its interpretation difficult. A sizeable number of Elamite lexemes are known from the Achaemenid royal inscriptions – trilingual inscriptions of the Achaemenid Empire, in which Elamite was written using Elamite cuneiform (circa 5th century BC), which is fully deciphered. An important dictionary of the Elamite language, the ''Elamisches Wörterbuch'' was published in 1987 by W. Hinz and H. Koch. The Linear Elamite script however, one of the scripts used to write the Elamite language circa 2000 BC, has remained elusive until recently. in Writing system The following scripts are known or assumed to h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helmand Culture
Pottery vessel from Shahr-e Sukhteh The Helmand culture (also Helmand civilization), 3300–2350 BCE,Vidale, Massimo, (15 March 2021)"A Warehouse in 3rd Millennium B.C. Sistan and Its Accounting Technology" in Seminar "Early Urbanization in Iran". is a Bronze Age culture that flourished mainly in the middle and lower valley of the Helmand River, originally in eastern Iran ( Zabol, other name: Sistan in Sistan and Baluchestan Province) and southern Afghanistan (Kandahar, Helmand and Nimruz provinces) , predominantly in the third millennium BCE. The people of the Helmand culture lived partly in cities with temples and palaces, providing evidence for a complex and advanced social structure. The main cities so far known are Shahr-i Sokhta (in Zabol, Iran) and Mundigak (in modern Afghanistan). Research on the finds from both places showed that these cities shared the same culture. These are the earliest discovered cities in this part of the world, although the village Mehrgarh fur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kacchi Plain
The Kacchi Plains ( Sindhi: ڪچي ميدان, Balochi: کَچِّ سَتَیْ زَمِیمْ) or Bolan Plains, also known as Kach Gandava is a region located in Balochistan, Pakistan. The addition of the latter "gandava" is based on the name of the town of Gandava in the present-day Balochistan, Pakistan. History The Kachhi Plain is the home of the archeological site of Mehrgarh, one of the most important Neolithic sites in archaeology, in the Kachhi district of Pakistan. It is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming (wheat and barley) and herding (cattle, sheep and goats) in South Asia. Perhaps, the region also was an important IVC landholding. It is also a possible location of the Historic Sivi kingdom, mentioned in Hindu scriptures. Until the end of the 15th century Kacchi had been part of Sindh. Around 1500, it was taken by Shah Beg of the Arghun dynasty from the Samma dynasty of the Sultans of Sindh. The territory was conquered by the Kalhoras Amirs of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quetta
Quetta is the capital and largest city of the Pakistani province of Balochistan. It is the ninth largest city in Pakistan, with an estimated population of over 1.6 million in 2024. It is situated in the south-west of the country, lying in a valley surrounded by mountains on all sides. Quetta is at an average elevation of above sea level, making it Pakistan's highest altitude major city. The city is known as the ''"Fruit Garden of Pakistan,"'' due to the numerous fruit orchards in and around it and the large variety of fresh and dried fruits produced there. Located in northern Balochistan near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border and the road across to Kandahar, Quetta is a trade and communication centre between the two countries. The city is near the Bolan Pass, which was on a major gateway from Central Asia to South Asia. Etymology The name ''Quetta'' is a variation of the Pashto word ''Kwatkōṭ'', or ''kōta'' meaning "fortress". Quetta was formerly known as Shalkot ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kandahar
Kandahar is a city in Afghanistan, located in the south of the country on Arghandab River, at an elevation of . It is Afghanistan's second largest city, after Kabul, with a population of about 614,118 in 2015. It is the capital of Kandahar Province and the centre of the larger cultural region called Loy Kandahar. The region around Kandahar is one of the oldest known areas of human settlement. A major fortified city existed at the site of Kandahar, probably as early as 1000–750 BC,F.R. Allchin (ed.)''The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States'' (Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp.127–130 and it became an important outpost of the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC.Gérard Fussman"Kandahar II. Pre-Islamic Monuments and Remains", in ''Encyclopædia Iranica'', online edition, 2012 Alexander the Great laid the foundation of what is now Old Kandahar (in the southern section of the city) in the 4th century BC and named it Alexandria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dasht-e Margo
Dasht-e Margo ( Persian: دشت مارگو), also Dasht-e Mārgow or Dasht-e Margoh, is a desert region in the southern provinces of Nimruz and Helmand in Afghanistan. The desert is adjacent to the Dasht-e Khash and Registan Desert. It is the world's 20th largest desert at about 150,000 km2 in area with an elevation of 500–700 meters above sea level. The desert consists mainly of sand masses and rocky-clayish plains with solonchaks, takirs, and rarely oases. The desert's name means "Desert of Death" in Dari, with ''dasht'' meaning "plain In geography, a plain, commonly known as flatland, is a flat expanse of land that generally does not change much in elevation, and is primarily treeless. Plains occur as lowlands along valleys or at the base of mountains, as coastal plains, and ..." and ''margo'' meaning "death". References External links * Deserts of Afghanistan Geography of Helmand Province Geography of Nimruz Province {{Nimruz-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Registan Desert
The Registan Desert ( or ), also known as Sistan Desert, is an extremely arid plateau region located between Helmand and Kandahar provinces in the south-eastern Afghanistan. It is a sandy desert consisting of small, red sand hills about high, sand-covered plains, and open rocky and clay-covered areas. The underlying base of the hills consists of partly stabilized ancient transverse dunes, reflecting a west-to-east wind and nearly unlimited sand supply. The desert is very sparsely populated by Baluch and Pashtun nomads. The desert is gradually encroaching on surrounding agricultural areas. A severe drought in 1998 caused the displacement of approximately 100,000 nomadic people from the Registan desert region. Most of them now live in temporary settlements between the Arghandab and Helmand Rivers and Registan. A large number are also being supported by the UN in camps for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Kandahar Province. The UN is currently seeking strategies to retu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aurore Didier
Aurore Didier (born 1978) is a French archaeologist and researcher. At the French National Center for Scientific Research, she is in charge of the ‘Indus-Balochistan programme’, and director of the French Archaeological Mission in the Indus Basin. Her primary interest is South Asian protohistory, specifically the Bronze Age in the Indo-Iranian Borderlands (3000 BCE) and the Indus Valley Civilization. Early life and education Didier was raised near Paris, alongside her older brother and her younger brother. She was raised in an artistic environment, with her father being a professional musicians involved in the film industry. Didier spent 15 years doing ballet and other dance styles as an extracurricular. She also became interested in archaeology at a young age, sparked by her mother taking her to museums every week. By age 12, she had decided to pursue archaeology as a career. Didier attended Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University for her master's degree, during which she focu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indus Valley Civilisation
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation in the Northwestern South Asia, northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 Common Era, BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Together with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the Near East and South Asia, and of the three, the most widespread, its sites spanning an area including much of Pakistan, Northwest India, northwestern India and northeast Afghanistan. The civilisation flourished both in the alluvial plain of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial monsoon-fed rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the Ghaggar-Hakra River, Ghaggar-Hakra, a seasonal river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan. The term ''Harappan'' is sometimes applied to the Indus Civilisation after its type site Harappa, the first to be exc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehrgarh
Mehrgarh is a Neolithic archaeological site situated on the Kacchi Plain of Balochistan, Pakistan, Balochistan in Pakistan. It is located near the Bolan Pass, to the west of the Indus River and between the modern-day Pakistani cities of Quetta, Kalat, Pakistan, Kalat and Sibi. The site was discovered in 1974 by the French Archaeological Mission led by the French people, French archaeologists Jean-François Jarrige and Catherine Jarrige (archaeologist), Catherine Jarrige. Mehrgarh was Archaeological excavation, excavated continuously between 1974 and 1986, and again from 1997 to 2000. Archaeological material has been found in six mounds, and about 32,000 artifacts have been collected from the site. The earliest settlement at Mehrgarh, located in the northeast corner of the site, was a small farming village dated between 7000 BCE and 5500 BCE. History Mehrgarh is one of the earliest known sites in South Asia showing evidence of farming and herding.UNESCO World Heritage. 2004. ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
