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Government Of Italy
The government of Italy is that of a democratic republic, established by the Italian constitution in 1948. It consists of Legislature, legislative, Executive (government), executive, and Judiciary, judicial subdivisions, as well as of a head of state, known as the President of Italy, president. The Constitution of Italy, Constitution of the Italian Republic is the result of the work of the Constituent Assembly of Italy, Constituent Assembly, which was formed by the representatives of all the Anti-fascism, anti-fascist forces that contributed to the defeat of Nazism, nazis and the fascist forces during the Italian Civil War. Article 1 of the Italian constitution states: By stating that Italy is a democratic republic, the article solemnly declares the results of the 1946 Italian institutional referendum, institutional referendum which took place on 2 June 1946 valid. The Italy, state is not the hereditary property of the King of Italy, ruling monarch, but instead a ''res publica' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Republic
A democratic republic is a form of government operating on principles adopted from a republic and a democracy. As a cross between two similar systems, democratic republics may function on principles shared by both republics and democracies. While not all democracies are republics ( constitutional monarchies, for instance, are not) and not all republics are democracies, common definitions of the terms ''democracy'' and ''republic'' often feature overlapping concerns, suggesting that many democracies function as republics, and many republics operate on democratic principles, as shown by these definitions from the ''Oxford English Dictionary'': * ''Republic'': "A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch." * ''Democracy'': "A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives." Eugene Volokh of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citizenship
Citizenship is a membership and allegiance to a sovereign state. Though citizenship is often conflated with nationality in today's English-speaking world, international law does not usually use the term ''citizenship'' to refer to nationality; these two notions are conceptually different dimensions of collective membership. Generally citizenships have no expiration and allow persons to work, reside and vote in the polity, as well as identify with the polity, possibly acquiring a passport. Though through discriminatory laws, like disfranchisement and outright apartheid, citizens have been made second-class citizens. Historically, populations of states were mostly subjects, while citizenship was a particular status which originated in the rights of urban populations, like the rights of the male public of cities and republics, particularly ancient city-states, giving rise to a civitas and the social class of the burgher or bourgeoisie. Since then states have ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of Ministers (Italy)
The Council of Ministers (, CdM) is the principal executive organ of the Government of Italy. It comprises the President of the Council (the Prime Minister of Italy), all the ministers, and the Undersecretary to the Prime Minister. Deputy ministers () and junior ministers () are part of the government, but are not members of the Council of Ministers. History The Council of Ministers' origins date to the production of the Albertine Statute by the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1848. The Statute, which subsequently became the Constitution of the Kingdom of Italy, did not envision collegial meetings of individual ministers, but simply the existence of ministers as heads of their ministries, responsible for their operations. The Council of Ministers subsequently developed as a constitutional convention and the office of the President of the Council emerged from the need to co-ordinate the activities of the individual ministers. Formation Appointment The Office of the Council of Minist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Parliament
The Italian Parliament () is the national parliament of the Italy, Italian Republic. It is the representative body of Italian citizens and is the successor to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1848–1861), the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1943), the transitional National Council (Italy), National Council (1945–1946) and the Constituent Assembly of Italy, Constituent Assembly (1946–1948). It is a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature with 600 elected members and a small number of unelected members (''senatori a vita''). The Italian Parliament is composed of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy), Chamber of Deputies (with 400 members or ''deputati'' elected on a national basis), as well as the Senate of the Republic (Italy), Senate of the Republic (with 200 members or ''senatori'' elected on a regional basis, plus a small number of Senators for life in Italy, senators for life or ''senatori a vita'', either appointed by the President of the Republic or former P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giorgio Napolitano
Giorgio Napolitano (; 29 June 1925 – 22 September 2023) was an Italian politician who served as President of Italy from 2006 to 2015, the first to be re-elected to the office. In office for 8 years and 244 days, he was the longest-serving president, until the record was surpassed by Sergio Mattarella in 2023. He also was the longest-lived president in the history of the Italian Republic, which has been in existence since 1946. Although he was a prominent figure of the First Italian Republic, he did not take part in the Constituent Assembly of Italy that drafted the Italian constitution; he is considered one of the symbols of the Second Italian Republic, which came about after the ''Tangentopoli'' scandal of the 1990s. Due to his dominant position in Italian politics, some critics have sometimes referred to him as ("King Giorgio"). Napolitano was a longtime member of the Italian Communist Party, which he joined in 1945 after taking part in the Italian resistance movement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (; 9 December 1920 – 16 September 2016) was an Italian politician, statesman and banker who was the President of Italy from 1999 to 2006 and the Prime Minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994. A World War II veteran, Ciampi had fought for the Italian resistance movement after he evaded capture from the Wehrmacht in 1943. Afterwards, he became a prominent banker in the History of the Italian Republic, First Italian Republic, gradually rising in the ranks of the Bank of Italy before becoming its Governor of the Bank of Italy, governor in 1979. In his tenure as governor, the Italian lira was devalued amid conflict with Prime Minister Bettino Craxi in the mid 1980's and Italy's withdrawal from the European Monetary System in 1992. Beside his political career, he held numerous intergovernmental positions, including as Chairman of the Interim Committee of the International Monetary Fund from 1998 to 1999. Following the ''Mani pulite, Tangentopoli'' scandal th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francesco Cossiga
Francesco Maurizio Cossiga (; , ; 1928 – 2010) . was an Italian politician who served as President of Italy from 1985 to 1992. A member of Christian Democracy (Italy), Christian Democracy, he was Prime Minister of Italy from 1979 to 1980. Cossiga is widely considered one of the most prominent and influential politicians of the First Italian Republic. Cossiga served as a minister on several occasions, most notably as Italian Minister of the Interior. In that position, he re-structured the Italian police, civil protection and secret services. Due to his repressive approach to public protests, he was described as a Strongman (politics), strongman and labelled "Iron Minister". [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regional Council (Italy)
A regional council (''Consiglio regionale'') in Italy is the elected legislative assembly of a Regions of Italy, region of Italy. In Emilia-Romagna and Sicily, the legislative bodies are called the Legislative Assembly of Emilia-Romagna and the Sicilian Regional Assembly, officially nicknamed as Sicilian Parliament, respectively. Origins The ''regional idea'' was born, in Italy, during the national Risorgimento and the first decades after the unification of Italy, but any proposal was rejected until the Second World War. After the collapse of Italian fascism, fascism and the end of the war a violent independence movement that led to the institution of the region and the concession of the autonomous regions with special statute (Italy), Statute, based on the model of federal states was born in Sicily. A similar route followed Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Valley of Aosta. The other regions were instituted by the Italian Constitution, Constitutio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Of Powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state (polity), state power (usually Legislature#Legislation, law-making, adjudication, and Executive (government)#Function, execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinguishable and articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration, sometimes known as the ). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a fusion of powers. History Antiquity Polybius (''Histories'', Book 6, 11–13) described the Roman Republic as a mixed government ruled by the Roman Senate, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergio Mattarella Presidente Della Repubblica Italiana
Sergio may refer to: * Sergio (name), for people with the given name Sergio * Sergio (carbonado), the largest rough diamond ever found * Sergio, the mascot for the Old Orchard Beach Surge Old or OLD may refer to: Places *Old, Baranya, Hungary *Old, Northamptonshire, England * Old Street station, a railway and tube station in London (station code OLD) *OLD, IATA code for Old Town Municipal Airport and Seaplane Base, Old Town, M ... baseball team * ''Sergio'', a 2009 documentary film about United Nations diplomat Sérgio Vieira de Mello * ''Sergio'', a 2020 biographical drama film about United Nations diplomat Sérgio Vieira de Mello See also * Hurricane Sergio (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rule Of Law
The essence of the rule of law is that all people and institutions within a Body politic, political body are subject to the same laws. This concept is sometimes stated simply as "no one is above the law" or "all are equal before the law". According to ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', it is defined as "the mechanism, process, institution, practice, or norm that supports the equality of all citizens before the law, secures a nonarbitrary form of government, and more generally prevents the arbitrary use of power." Legal scholars have expanded the basic rule of law concept to encompass, first and foremost, a requirement that laws apply equally to everyone. "Formalists" add that the laws must be stable, accessible and clear. More recently, "substantivists" expand the concept to include rights, such as human rights, and compliance with international law. Use of the phrase can be traced to Tudor period, 16th-century Britain. In the following century, Scottish theologian Samuel Rutherfor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
