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Ginkgo
''Ginkgo'' is a genus of non-flowering seed plants, assigned to the gymnosperms. The scientific name is also used as the English common name. The order to which the genus belongs, Ginkgoales, first appeared in the Permian, , and ''Ginkgo'' is now the relict taxon, only living genus within the order. The rate of evolution within the genus has been slow, and almost all its species had become extinct by the end of the Pliocene. The sole surviving species, ''Ginkgo biloba'', is Species distribution, found in the wild only in China, but is cultivated around the world. The relationships between ginkgos and other groups of plants are not fully resolved. Prehistory The ginkgo (''Ginkgo biloba'') is a living fossil, with fossils similar to the modern plant dating back to the Permian, 270 million years ago. The ancestor of the genus is estimated to have branched off from other gymnosperms about 325 million years ago, while the last common ancestor of today's only remaining spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ginkgo Biloba
''Ginkgo biloba'', commonly known as ginkgo or gingko ( ), also known as the maidenhair tree, is a species of gymnosperm tree native to East Asia. It is the last living species in the order Ginkgoales, which first appeared over 290 million years ago. Fossil, Fossils very similar to the living species, belonging to the genus ''Ginkgo'', extend back to the Middle Jurassic epoch approximately 170 million years ago. The tree was cultivated early in human history, remains commonly planted, and is widely regarded as a living fossil. ''G. biloba'' is a long-lived, Disease resistance, disease-resistant, Dioecy, dioecious tree with unique fan-shaped Leaf, leaves, capable of Cloning, clonal reproduction, and known for its striking yellow autumn foliage and resilience in disturbed environments. It was known historically as “silver fruit” or “white fruit” in Chinese language, Chinese and called “ginkgo” due to a centuries-old transcription error. It is closely related to Cycad, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ginkgo Ginkgoidea
''Ginkgo ginkgoidea'' is an extinct ginkgo species in the family Ginkgoaceae from the Bajocian of southern Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count .... References ginkgoidea Mesozoic trees {{jurassic-plant-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ginkgoales
Ginkgoales are a gymnosperm Order (biology), order containing only one Neontology, extant species: ''Ginkgo biloba'', the ginkgo tree. The order has a long fossil record extending back to the Early Permian around 300 million years ago from fossils found worldwide. The Order (biology), order was a common component of Permian and Triassic flora before the super dominance of Conifer, conifers. Evolution Ginkgophyta and Cycadophyta have a very ancient divergence dating to the early Carboniferous. The earliest representative of the group in the fossil record is probably ''Trichopitys'' from the Asselian (299-293 million years ago) of France. The earliest representatives of ''Ginkgo'', represented by reproductive organs similar to the living species, first appear in the Middle Jurassic, alongside other, related forms such as ''Yimaia'' and ''Karkenia'', which have differently arranged reproductive structures and seeds associated with ''Ginkgo''-like leaves. The diversity of Ginkgoal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ginkgo Yimaensis
''Ginkgo yimaensis'' is an extinct ginkgo species in the family Ginkgoaceae. It is a gymnosperm, first described by Zhou and Zhang. Description ''Ginkgo yimaensis'' differs from the extant '' G. biloba'' only slightly. The leaves were deeply divided, resembling closer the sucker shoots and seedling leaving of ''G. biloba''. The seeds were also borne on individual stocks, unlike ''G. biloba'' which forms seeds sessile. The size of the seeds from specimens has ranged from 10-15 mm in length and 8-12 mm in width. ''G. yimaensis'' also had pedicels 15-16 mm in length. The megaspore membrane of ''G. yimaensis'' and ''G. biloba'' are similar. However, it appears ''G. biloba'' has developed structurally beyond that of ''G. yimaensis,'' possibly by peramorphosis means. Distribution Material of ''Ginkgo yimaensis'' has been found in the Yima Formation of Henan, China, dating back to the Middle Jurassic The Middle Jurassic is the second Epoch (geology), epoch of the Jurassic Period ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seed Plants
A seed plant or spermatophyte (; New Latin ''spermat-'' and Greek ' (phytón), plant), also known as a phanerogam (taxon Phanerogamae) or a phaenogam (taxon Phaenogamae), is any plant that produces seeds. It is a category of embryophyte (i.e. land plant) that includes most of the familiar land plants, including the flowering plants and the gymnosperms, but not ferns, mosses, or algae. The term ''phanerogam'' or ''phanerogamae'' is derived from the Greek (), meaning "visible", in contrast to the term "cryptogam" or " cryptogamae" (, and (), 'to marry'). These terms distinguish those plants with hidden sexual organs (cryptogamae) from those with visible ones (phanerogamae). Description The extant spermatophytes form five divisions, the first four of which are classified as gymnosperms, plants that have unenclosed, "naked seeds": * Cycadophyta, the cycads, a subtropical and tropical group of plants, * Ginkgophyta, which includes a single living species of tree in the genus '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ginkgo Huttonii
''Ginkgo huttonii'' is an extinct Ginkgo species in the family Ginkgoaceae from the Jurassic of England. The fossil is also known by the name, ''Ginkgoites huttonii'', the genus, Ginkgoites, referring to a group of extinct members of the Ginkgoaceae. ''G. huttonii'' was a broad-leaved, deciduous gymnosperm bearing resemblance to the only living member of the Ginkgoaceae, Ginkgo biloba. Description ''Ginkgo huttonii'' is known largely by compression fossils of its leaves. Similar to other members of the ''Ginkgoites'', the fossil leaves of ''G. huttonii'' are simple, four-lobed, and have dense, radially disposed venation. ''G. huttonii'' fossil seeds are frequently found as well as at least a few fossilized male catkins. ''G. huttonii'' wood has yet to be described but it is likely the plant was similar to the extant, ''G. biloba'', with wood akin to that of modern-day conifers. Distribution ''G. huttonii'' is heavily represented in the Jurassic flora of Yorkshire, England - a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ginkgo Gardneri
''Ginkgo gardneri'' is an extinct ginkgo species in the family Ginkgoaceae from the Paleocene of Ardtun Head, Isle of Mull, Scotland, described in 1936 by Rudolf Florin. This species is very closely related to '' G. biloba'', the only living species of the genus ''Ginkgo ''Ginkgo'' is a genus of non-flowering seed plants, assigned to the gymnosperms. The scientific name is also used as the English common name. The order to which the genus belongs, Ginkgoales, first appeared in the Permian, , and ''Ginkgo'' is n ...''. References gardneri Paleocene plants Prehistoric trees Flora of Scotland {{Paleo-gymnosperm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permian
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years, from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya. It is the sixth and last period of the Paleozoic Era; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the Perm Governorate, region of Perm in Russia. The Permian witnessed the diversification of the two groups of amniotes, the synapsids and the Sauropsida, sauropsids (reptiles). The world at the time was dominated by the supercontinent Pangaea, which had formed due to the collision of Euramerica and Gondwana during the Carboniferous. Pangaea was surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa. The Carboniferous rainforest collapse left behind vast regions of desert within the continental interior. Amniotes, which could better cope with these ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Relict Taxon
In biogeography and paleontology, a relict is a population or taxon of organisms that was more widespread or more diverse in the past. A relictual population is a population currently inhabiting a restricted area whose range was far wider during a previous geologic epoch. Similarly, a relictual taxon is a taxon (e.g. species or other lineage) which is the sole surviving representative of a formerly diverse group. Definition A relict (or relic) plant or animal is a taxon that persists as a remnant of what was once a diverse and widespread population. Relictualism occurs when a widespread habitat or range changes and a small area becomes cut off from the whole. A subset of the population is then confined to the available hospitable area, and survives there while the broader population either shrinks or evolves divergently. This phenomenon differs from endemism in that the range of the population was not always restricted to the local region. In other words, the species or group did n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnosperms
The gymnosperms ( ; ) are a group of woody, perennial Seed plant, seed-producing plants, typically lacking the protective outer covering which surrounds the seeds in flowering plants, that include Pinophyta, conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophyta, gnetophytes, forming the clade Gymnospermae. The term ''gymnosperm'' comes from the composite word in ( and ), and literally means 'naked seeds'. The name is based on the unenclosed condition of their seeds (called ovules in their unfertilized state). The non-encased condition of their seeds contrasts with the seeds and ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are enclosed within an Ovary (botany), ovary. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scales or Leaf, leaves, which are often modified to form Conifer cone, cones, or on their own as in Taxus, yew, ''Torreya'', and ''Ginkgo''. The life cycle of a gymnosperm involves alternation of generations, with a dominant diploid sporophyte phase, and a reduced haploid gam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ginkgo Dissecta
''Ginkgo dissecta'' is an extinct ginkgo species in the family Ginkgoaceae described from a series of isolated fossil leaves. The species is known from Early Eocene sediments exposed in the province of British Columbia, Canada, and Washington, US. It is one of two ''Ginkgo'' species found in the Eocene Okanagan Highlands sites in Washington and British Columbia. History and classification ''Ginkgo dissecta'' is represented by a group of fossil specimens from four different geologic formations. The type locality for the species is at the Ypresian McAbee Fossil Beds, near Cache Creek, British Columbia, in the Tranquille Formation belonging to the Kamloops Group. ''G. dissecta'' is also known from the similarly aged sites of the Klondike Mountain Formation, which crop out around the town of Republic, Ferry County, Washington. At least one specimen has been recovered from the fossil sites around the town of Princeton, British Columbia, and a fourth occurrence for the species w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ginkgo Digitata
''Ginkgo digitata'' is an extinct ginkgo species in the family Ginkgoaceae. It lived in Great Britain from the Aalenian to the Bathonian, in Queensland in the Callovian and in British Columbia in the Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or the lowest stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Cretace .... References digitata Mesozoic trees {{cretaceous-plant-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
