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Geophagini
Geophagini is a Tribe (biology), tribe of cichlids from the subfamily Cichlinae, the American cichlids. It is the sister taxon to the clade which includes the Cichlasomatini and Heroini. Fishes in the Geophagini are distributed from Panama south to Argentina, it is the most speciose of the seven tribes within the Cichlinae and it is subdivided into three sub-tribes, Acarichthyina, Crenicaratina, and Geophagina which together contain over 200 species. Geophagines show morphological and behavioural specialisations to enable them to sift the substrates within their mouths so that they can separate benthic invertebrates from substrates dominated by sand or silt. Classification The Geophagini are classified as follows: * Subtribe Acarichthyina Sven O. Kullander, Kullander, 1998 ** Genus ''Acarichthys'' Carl H. Eigenmann, C. H. Eigenmann, 1912 ** Genus ''Guianacara'' Kullander & Han Nijssen, Nijssen, 1989 * Subtribe Crenicaratina Kullander, 1998 ** Genus ''Biotoecus'' C. H. Eigenmann & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saxatilia
''Saxatilia'' is a South American cichlid genus in the genus group Geophagini. The genus was only erected in mid-2023 by four South American ichthyologists and their Swedish colleague Sven O. Kullander, and the name is a near-tautonym of the chosen type species. Previously, the species placed in ''Saxatilia'' belonged to the genus ''Crenicichla'' and formed the ''Crenicichla saxatilis'' species complex. Of all the genera of pike cichlids, ''Saxatilia'' has the widest distribution area. It occurs in the Amazon Basin, in the drainage basin of the Orinoco, in the entire river basin of the Río de la Plata, the Río Paraná and the Río Uruguay, in the coastal rivers of the Guyanas, on the islands of Trinidad and Tobago, in the coastal rivers of northeastern Brazil and in the lagoons Lagoa dos Patos and Lagoa Mirim in the south of Brazil. Characteristics Like all pike cichlids, the ''Saxatilia'' species have an elongated body. Males and females of the ''Saxatilia'' species Sexual di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wallaciia
''Wallaciia'' is a South American genus of cichlids from the tribe Geophagini. The genus was only erected in mid-2023 by four South American ichthyologists and their Swedish colleague Sven O. Kullander. It was named in honour of the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace, and is a near-tautonym of the chosen type species. Previously, the species placed in ''Wallaciia'' belonged to the genus ''Crenicichla'' and formed the ''Crenicichla wallacii'' species complex. The genus ''Wallaciia'' occurs in the Amazon Basin from the Rio Madeira to the Rio Tocantins, but is absent west of Santo Antônio do Içá or the mouth of the Río Putumayo into the Amazon. The genus is also found in the drainage basins of the Orinoco and the Essequibo. Description Like all pike cichlids, ''Wallaciia'' species have a pike-like, elongated body. The number of vertebrae is high and there are more trunk vertebrae than tail vertebrae, while in most other cichlid genera it is the other way round. ''Wal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lugubria
''Lugubria'' is a South American cichlid genus in the tribe Geophagini. It was introduced by four South American ichthyologists and their Swedish colleague Sven O. Kullander, S. O. Kullander, and the name is a near-tautonym of the chosen type species. Previously, the species placed in ''Lugubria'' belonged to the genus ''Crenicichla'' and formed the ''Crenicichla lugubris'' species complex. The genus occurs throughout the Amazon Basin, in the catchment of the Orinoco and in the coastal rivers of the three Guyanas. Characteristics Like all pike cichlids, the ''Lugubria'' species have a pike-like, elongated body. They are relatively large pike cichlids and reach a standard length of . Their scales are relatively small, which means that a row of scales on the sides of the body consists of a very large number of scales. The number of soft rays in the dorsal and anal fins is also high (13 to 18 and 9 to 13 respectively). The number of vertebrae is high (39 to 44) and there are more t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemeraia
''Hemeraia'' is a South American cichlid genus in the tribe Geophagini. The genus was only newly introduced in mid-2023 by four South American ichthyologists and their Swedish colleague S. O. Kullander. Previously, the species placed in ''Hemeraia'' belonged to the genus ''Crenicichla''. There are two species, one of which (''Hemeraia hemera'') occurs in the catchment area of the Rio Aripuanã and the other (''H. chicha'') in the catchment area of the Rio Juruena, a headwater of the Rio Tapajós. Characteristics Like all pike cichlids, the ''Hemeraia'' species have a pike-like, elongated body. The number of vertebrae is high and there are more trunk vertebrae than caudal vertebrae, or their number is equal, while in most other cichlid genera it is the other way around. ''Hemeraia'' species are medium-sized pike cichlids and reach a standard length of . Their pelvic fins are short and rounded. The second fin ray is the longest; however, it does not reach the genital papilla. O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geophagus Brasiliensis
The pearl cichlid (''Geophagus brasiliensis'') is a species of fish in the North American cichlid family. It is native to southeastern Brazil (north to Bahia), Paraguay, Uruguay and far northeastern Argentina,Mattos, J.L.O., Costa, W.J.E.M. & Santos, A.C.A. (2015): ''Geophagus diamantinensis'', a new species of the ''G. brasiliensis'' species group from Chapada Diamantina, north-eastern Brazil (Cichlidae: Geophagini). ''Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters, 26 (3): 209–220.'' where it is found in rivers, lakes, and nearby slightly brackish lagoons.SeriouslyFish: 'Geophagus' brasiliensis.' Retrieved 27 August 2014. It has been Introduced species, introduced to several countries far from its native range, including the United States, Australia, the Philippines, and Taiwan. This species is popular among aquarist, aquarists. Taxonomy ''G. brasiliensis'' is part of a species complex that also includes the rarer ''Geophagus diamantinensis, G. diamantinensis'', ''Geophagus ipo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geophagus
''Geophagus'' is a genus of cichlids that mainly live in South America as far south as Argentina and Uruguay, but a single species, ''G. crassilabris'' is from Panama.Mattos, J.L.O., Costa, W.J.E.M. & Santos, A.C.A. (2015): ''Geophagus diamantinensis'', a new species of the ''G. brasiliensis'' species group from Chapada Diamantina, north-eastern Brazil (Cichlidae: Geophagini). ''Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters, 26 (3): 209-220.'' They are found in a wide range of freshwater habitats. They are part of a group popularly known as eartheaters and mostly feed by picking up mouthfuls of sediment to sift out food items such as invertebrates, plant material and detritus. The largest species reach up to in standard length. They are mostly kept in aquariums. As an invasive species ''Geophagus surinamensis'' was an invasive species in Malaysia, recently found in Putrajaya, the populations are now controlled by giant snakeheads. Taxonomy Some cichlids previously included in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cichlinae
The Cichlinae are a subfamily of fishes in the Cichlidae, cichlid family, native to Centra America, Central and South America. This subfamily consists of approximately 117 described species as of July 2017. Some authors have suggested that the Cichlinae encompasses all of the Neotropical Cichlids and found the taxon to be Monophyly, monophyletic and to be divided into seven Tribe (biology), tribes: Astronotini, Chaetobranchini, Cichlasomatini, Cichlini, Geophagini, Heroini, and Retroculini. In this system the Geophaginae plus the Chaetobranchini were recovered as the sister taxon to the clade consisting of the Heroini plus the Cichlatsomatini, these latter two being referred to as the subfamily Cichlasomatinae in some classifications, while the Monotypy, monogeneric Astronotini was a sister taxon to these four, while the Cichlini and Retroculini made up a sister clade of the other five. Tribes The following tribes make up the subfamily Cichlinae: * Cichlini * Retroculini * As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apistogramma
''Apistogramma'' is a large genus of freshwater fish in the family (biology), family Cichlidae native to South America, but also commonly kept in Freshwater aquarium, aquariums. They are dwarf cichlids that mostly feed on tiny animals and have breeding behaviors that vary depending on the exact species. Range, conservation status and habitat ''Apistogramma'' are exclusively found in tropical and subtropical South America in the lowlands east of the Andes. The highest Species richness, richness is in the western Amazon Basin and Orinoco Basin, but there are also species in the Guianan Shield, eastern Amazon Basin, rivers flowing into the Atlantic in northern Brazil (Tocantins River, Tocantins–Araguaia River, Araguaia to Parnaíba River, Parnaíba) and the Río de la Plata Basin.Kullander, S.O., and E.J.G. Ferreira (2005). Two new species of Apistogramma Regan (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the rio Trombetas, Pará State, Brazil. Neotrop. ichthyol. 3(3). Although a few species are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crenicichla
''Crenicichla'' is a genus of cichlids native to South America commonly known as the pike cichlids. They are found in most tropical and subtropical freshwater habitats between the Andes and the Atlantic. Description The smallest species of ''Crenicichla'' are no larger than Gottwald, J: Crenicichla arten.' and may be referred to as " dwarf cichlids" for the aquarium hobby – though their aggressive and territorial habits make them unsuitable for novice keepers. The smallest members, and formerly the ''C. wallacii'' species complex was split off to '' Wallaciia'' in 2023, along with the former ''C. saxatilis'' complex which became '' Saxatilia'' and the ''C. lugubris'' complex which became '' Lugubria''. In the same paper, one further genus was erected ('' Hemeraia'') and the remaining species were divided into subgenera. The largest pike cichlids can grow to about long. Most ''Crenicichla'' measure in the range of . Like many other predatory fishes, a pike cichlid has a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crenicara
''Crenicara'' is a small genus of cichlid fishes native to creeks and rivers in the Amazon and Essequibo basins in South America. These cichlids have several dark spots on the sides of their bodies, and do not surpass in length. In the past, the members of the genus ''Dicrossus'' were sometimes included in ''Crenicara''. Members of both genera are sometimes known as checkerboard or chessboard cichlids. Species The two recognized species in this genus are: * '' Crenicara latruncularium'' S. O. Kullander & Staeck, 1990 * '' Crenicara punctulatum'' ( Günther, 1863) (checkerboard cichlid) ; Names brought to synonymy * ''Crenicara altispinosa'' Haseman, 1911, a synonym for ''Mikrogeophagus altispinosus ''Mikrogeophagus altispinosus'' is a species of fish endemic to the southern Amazon River basin in Brazil and Bolivia. The species is part of the family Cichlidae and subfamily Geophaginae. It is a popular aquarium fish, traded under the common n ...'' * ''Crenicara elegans'' S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biotodoma
''Biotodoma'' is a small genus of cichlids native to rivers in the Amazon, Orinoco and Essequibo basins in South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o .... Species There are two currently recognized species in the genus, but additional cryptic species are known to exist.Carvalho, A.P.C., R.A. Collins, J.G. Martínez, I.P. Farias, and T. Hrbek (2019). From shallow to deep divergences: mixed messages from Amazon Basin cichlids. Hydrobiologia 832(1): 317–329. * '' Biotodoma cupido'' ( Heckel, 1840) (green-streaked eartheater) * '' Biotodoma wavrini'' ( J. P. Gosse, 1963) (Orinoco eartheater) References * Geophagini Cichlid genera Taxa named by Carl H. Eigenmann {{Cichlinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apistogrammoides
''Apistogrammoides pucallpaensis'' is a South American dwarf cichlid that reaches up to in standard length. This fish is found in the western Amazon basin, including the systems of the lower Ucayali, lower Japurá and upper Amazon River, in Peru, Colombia and Brazil. It typically lives among leaf litter or floating plants in water with little or no current.Cavalcante de Oliveira, J., J. Alves de Oliveira, and D.P.C. Rossato (2019). First record of Apistogrammoides pucallpaensis Meinken, 1965 (Perciformes, Cichlidae) for Brazil, in addition to fecundity information. Acta Limnol. Bras. 31. It is the only known member of the genus ''Apistogrammoides'', but it is closely related to ''Apistogramma ''Apistogramma'' is a large genus of freshwater fish in the family (biology), family Cichlidae native to South America, but also commonly kept in Freshwater aquarium, aquariums. They are dwarf cichlids that mostly feed on tiny animals and have b ...''.López-Fernández, H., R.L. Honeyc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
