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Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco Bahamonde (born Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco Bahamonde; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general and dictator who led the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975, assuming the title ''Caudillo''. This period in Spanish history, from the Nationalist victory to Franco's death, is commonly known as Francoist Spain or as the Francoist dictatorship. Born in Ferrol, Spain, Ferrol, Galicia, into an upper-class military family, Franco served in the Spanish Army as a cadet in the Toledo Infantry Academy from 1907 to 1910. While serving in Spanish protectorate in Morocco, Morocco, he rose through the ranks to become a brigadier general in 1926 at age 33. Two years later, Franco became the director of the General Military Academy in Zaragoza. As a Conservatism, conservative and Monarchism, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Defense Junta
The Junta de Defensa Nacional () was a military junta which governed the territories held by the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist faction of the Spanish Civil War from July to September 1936. The junta's president was Miguel Cabanellas and its head of state was Francisco Franco. The junta was dissolved when Franco was proclaimed ''caudillo'' of Spain. History On 18 July 1936, right-wing military officers Spanish coup of July 1936, staged a coup against the Second Spanish Republic, however, the coup failed and began the Spanish Civil War. On 25 July, the leaders of the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist faction, which instigated the attempted coup, declared the establishment of the National Defense Junta. The junta held a meeting on 21 November to resolve disputed within the Nationalist faction on who their ultimate leader will be. Several of the junta's leaders, including President Miguel Cabanellas, Head of State Francisco Franco, Emil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Junta Técnica Del Estado
The Junta Técnica del Estado (Spanish language, Spanish for: ''Technical State Junta'') was one of several political-administrative bodies created by General Francisco Franco in October 1936 after his appointment as head of government of Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), rebel Spain during the Spanish Civil War. It was one of the main institutions that made up the first governmental organization created by Franco. Although it was divided into sectorial commissions, it was not a real government and was composed of personalities with little political relevance. It was successively presided over by Generals Fidel Dávila Arrondo and Francisco Gómez-Jordana Sousa. It disappeared with the creation of First government of Francisco Franco, Franco's first proper government in February 1938. Context After the death of the leader of the military uprising in a plane crash, General José Sanjurjo, General Emilio Mola and General Miguel Cabanellas created a National Defense Junta o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Generalísimo
''Generalissimo'' ( ), also generalissimus, is a military rank of the highest degree, superior to field marshal and other five-star ranks in the states where they are used. Usage The word (), an Italian term, is the absolute superlative of ( 'general') thus meaning "the highest-ranking of all generals". The superlative suffix itself derives from Latin , meaning "utmost, to the highest grade". Similar cognates in other languages include in Spanish, in Portuguese, in French, and in Latin. The Russian word comes from Latin. Historically, this rank was given to a military officer leading an entire army or the entire armed forces of a state, usually only subordinate to the sovereign. Alternatively, those of imperial blood or the commanders-in-chief of several allied armies could gain the title. The military leader Albrecht von Wallenstein in 1632 became the first imperial ''generalissimo'' (general of the generals) of the Holy Roman Empire. Other usage of the titl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Gómez-Jordana Sousa
Francisco Gómez-Jordana y Sousa, 1st Count de Jordana (1 February 1876 – 3 August 1944), was a Spanish soldier and politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs during the rule of Francisco Franco. Early life Born in Madrid, the son of an officer who went on to become a General and the High Military Commissioner of Spain in Morocco, Gómez-Jordana enrolled as a student at Spain's "Academia General Militar" (Military General Academy) in Zaragoza in 1892. Early career During the Cuban War of Independence, he went to Cuba as a second lieutenant, where he was wounded on 23 November 1896. After returning to Spain, he became a captain at the Escuela Superior de Guerra ("Higher School for the Conduct of War") in Madrid. In 1911, he went to Melilla, a historical Spanish stronghold in North Africa since 1497, and he joined his father, Colonel Francisco Gómez Jordana. The younger Gómez-Jordana became a lieutenant colonel in 1912 and a colonel in 1915. From 9 July 1915 t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carmen Franco, 1st Duchess Of Franco
María del Carmen Franco y Polo, 1st Duchess of Franco, Grandee of Spain, Marchioness of Villaverde (14 September 1926 – 29 December 2017) was the only child of Spain's ''caudillo'', General Francisco Franco and his wife, Carmen Polo y Martínez-Valdés. In Asturian fashion, she was known by many nicknames, such as Nenuca, Carmelilla, Carmencita, Cotota and Morita. Family Franco was born in Oviedo. It is rumoured that she was actually the daughter of Francisco Franco's younger brother, Ramón Franco and a prostitute who died shortly after giving birth. On 10 April 1950, in El Pardo, she married Cristóbal Martínez-Bordiú, 10th Marquis of Villaverde. Villaverde was a prominent surgeon. In 1968 he conducted the first heart transplant operation in Spain. The couple had seven children: * María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco, 2nd Duchess of Franco (b. El Pardo, 26 February 1951), who married Prince Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz, son of Infante Jaime, Duke of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carmen Polo
María del Carmen Polo y Martínez-Valdés, 1st Lady of Meirás, Grandee of Spain (11 June 1900 – 6 February 1988) was the wife of the dictator, general and "''caudillo"'' Francisco Franco. She exerted a major influence in censoring the press. She was endowed the Lordship of Meirás by Juan Carlos I on 26 November 1975. Family She was the daughter of Felipe Polo y Flórez de Vereterra (1860–1926), a wealthy lawyer in Oviedo, and Ramona Martínez-Valdés y Martínez-Valdés (1870 – 8 February 1914), paternal granddaughter of Claudio Polo-Vereterra y Astudillo and wife Bonifacia Flórez and sister of María Isabel (married to José María Sanchíz y Sancho), Felipe and Ramona (Zita) (married in Oviedo on 6 February 1932 to Ramón Serrano Súñer). Her aunt Isabel Polo-Vereterra y Flórez married her relative Luis Vereterra y Estrada. Her great-grandparents were Telésforo Polo y Briz and Isabel Astudillo. Marriage Carmen Polo first met the then Major Franco, her future husb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ricardo De La Puente
Ricardo de la Puente Baamonde ( Ferrol, June 5, 1895 - Ceuta, August 4, 1936) was an aviator and military Spanish, first cousin of the dictator Francisco Franco. He was Franco's maternal first cousin. He participated in the Rif War with distinction, earning him two medals. During the Asturias Revolution of 1934, he refused to bomb Asturian miners, which led to his dismissal by his cousin Francisco, then Chief of Staff. The Melilla military uprising on July 17, 1936 found him as commander Commander (commonly abbreviated as Cmdr.) is a common naval officer rank as well as a job title in many army, armies. Commander is also used as a rank or title in other formal organizations, including several police forces. In several countri ... of the Tetouan-Sania Ramel airfield, in the Protectorate of Morocco. De la Puente called the High Commissioner of Morocco, Arturo Álvarez-Buylla Godino, to inform him that he and his squadron would remain loyal to the Republic. But it was all i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Franco Salgado-Araújo
Francisco Franco Salgado-Araujo, known familiarly as Pacón ( Ferrol, 1890-Madrid, May 1, 1975), was a Spanish military officer, first cousin and collaborator of the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco Bahamonde. During the Spanish Civil War and the subsequent Franco dictatorship he remained at his cousin's side, being recognized as one of his closest collaborators on a personal level. Military career and personal life In 1908, Franco Salgado-Araujo entered the Toledo Infantry Academy whose colonel director was José Villalba Riquelme, and in 1912, a year after being named Second Lieutenant, he was sent to the Spanish Morocco, where he participated in the Rif War. Salgado-Araujo quickly became known for his affinity with his cousin, Francisco Franco, which made him a faithful collaborator in the field. He would collaborate especially with him during the preparation of the July 1936 coup d'état. In fact, he would accompany him during the flight from Las Palmas de Gran Canar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramón Franco
Ramón Franco Bahamonde (2 February 1896 – 28 October 1938) was a Spanish pioneer of aviation, a political figure and brother of later caudillo Francisco Franco. Well before the Spanish Civil War, during the reign of Alfonso XIII, both brothers were acclaimed as national heroes in Spain; however, the two had strongly differing political views. They had a less-known brother, Nicolás, who was a military man like Francisco and Ramón, and also a politician. Aviator Franco started his career as an ordinary successful military officer in the infantry, assigned to Morocco in 1914. In 1920 he joined the Spanish Air Force, participating in activities that earned him international attention. Promoted to ''comandante'' (commandant), Franco became a national hero in 1926 when he piloted the flying boat ''Plus Ultra'' on a transatlantic flight. His co-pilot was ''Capitán'' (Captain) Julio Ruiz de Alda Miqueleiz; the other crew members were ''Teniente de navio'' (Ship-of-the-Lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolás Franco (politician)
Nicolás Franco Bahamonde (1 July 1891 – 15 April 1977) was a Spanish militaryman, politician and elder brother of the later Spanish ''caudillo'' Francisco Franco and of Ramón Franco, a pioneer of aviation. Biography Officer in the Naval Engineer Corps of the Spanish Navy, in 1935 he was director of the Merchant Navy. He was head of the General Secretariat of the Head of State in the government of his brother, the general Francisco Franco, from 1936 to 1938. Nicolás Franco served as ambassador to Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ... and was the chief Spanish architect and negotiator of the Iberian Pact. In 1942 he was promoted to general of the Naval Engineering Corps. He was married to María Isabel Pascual del Pobil y Ravello, with whom he had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mingorrubio Cemetery
The Mingorrubio Cemetery (), also called the Cemetery of El Pardo (), is a municipal cemetery on the edge of Madrid, Spain. Mingorrubio is a neighborhood in the northern district of Fuencarral-El Pardo. Notable burials * Francisco Franco (1892–1975), general and dictator (''Caudillo'' of Spain (1936–1975)), relocated from Valle de los Caídos on 24 October 2019 * Carmen Polo, 1st Lady of Meirás (1900–1988), Franco's wife, Grandee of Spain * The 1st Marquess of Arias-Navarro (1908–1989), last Francoist Prime Minister of Spain (1973–1976) * Luis Carrero Blanco (1904–1973), Spanish Navy admiral, Francoist Prime Minister of Spain (June–December 1973) * Luis Gutiérrez Soto (1900–1977), architect during the Franco era * Rafael Trujillo (1891–1961), military dictator of the Dominican Republic (1930–1961), two times President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *Presid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valley Of The Fallen
The Valley of Cuelgamuros (Spanish: ''Valle de Cuelgamuros''), until 2022 Valley of the Fallen (Spanish: ''Valle de los Caídos''), is a monument in the Sierra de Guadarrama, near Madrid. The valley contains a Catholic basilica and a monumental memorial in the municipality of San Lorenzo de El Escorial. Dictator Francisco Franco ordered the construction of the monumental site in 1940; it was built from 1940 to 1958, and opened in 1959. Franco said that the monument was intended as a "national act of atonement" and reconciliation. The site served as Franco's burial place from his death in November 1975—although it was not originally intended that he be buried there—until his exhumation on 24 October 2019 following a long and controversial legal process due to moves to remove all public glorification of his dictatorship. The monument, considered a landmark of 20th-century Spanish architecture, was designed by Pedro Muguruza and Diego Méndez on a scale to equal, according ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
