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East Chadic Languages
The three dozen East Chadic languages of the Chadic family are spoken in Chad and Cameroon. Speakers of various East Chadic languages are locally known as Hadjarai peoples. The largest East Chadic language is Nancere. Languages The branches of East Chadic go either by names or by letters and numbers in an outline format. The East Chadic B classification follows that of Lovestrand (2012). *East Chadic **East Chadic A *** ****(A.1.1) Sibine: Mire, Ndam, Somrai, Tumak, Motun, Mawer ****(A.1.2) Miltu: Boor, Gadang, Miltu, Sarua *** ****(A.2.1) Nancere:Languages in both the Nancere and Gabri branches go by the names of Kimre and Gabri. The two branches together are sometimes also called Gabri. Nancere, Kimré, Lele ****(A.2.2) Gabri: Gabri, Kabalai, Tobanga ***(A.3) Kwang: Kwang, Kera **East Chadic B *** ****(B.1.1) Dangla: Bidiyo (Bidiya), Dangaléat (Dangla), Birgit, Jonkor Bourmataguil, Mabire, Migaama, Mogum (Jegu), Toram ****(B.1.2) Mubi: Mubi M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chad
Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North Africa, North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to Chad–Libya border, the north, Sudan to Chad–Sudan border, the east, the Central African Republic to Central African Republic–Chad border, the south, Cameroon to Cameroon–Chad border, the southwest, Nigeria to Chad–Nigeria border, the southwest (at Lake Chad), and Niger to Chad–Niger border, the west. Chad has a population of 19 million, of which 1.6 million live in the Capital city, capital and largest city of N'Djamena. With a total area of around , Chad is the fifth-largest country in Africa and the List of countries and dependencies by area, twentieth largest nation by area. Chad has several regions: the Sahara desert in the north, an arid zone in the centre known as the Sahel, and a more fertile Sudanian Savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the second-largest wetl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lele Language (Chad)
Lele is an East Chadic language spoken in the Tandjilé Region, in the Tandjilé Ouest department, south of Kélo. Phonology Vowels Lele has five underlying vowels. The mid vowels are lower mid rather than higher mid. All vowels may have long variants. : Consonants There are some asymmetries in Lele's consonant inventory. : Grammar Nouns Nouns are grammatically masculine or feminine, but there are no morphological markings of gender on the nouns. This distinction is only seen in the agreement system (covert gender). Only a subset of nouns are marked for plural: large animals, kinship terms and a few inanimate objects. Plurals nouns are marked in a variety of ways including a suffix /-e/ or /-we/ and an infix /-a-/. There are three nouns that have irregular plural forms: "woman", "hen" and "person". There is a grammatical distinction between alienable and inalienable possession in the noun phrase. In inalienable possession, a singular possessor is marked by a suffix o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toram Language
Toram (also known as Torom and Torum) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad. Speakers have shifted to Chadian Arabic Chadian Arabic (), also known as Shuwa Arabic, Western Sudanic Arabic, or West Sudanic Arabic (WSA), is a variety of Arabic and the first language of 1.9 million people in Chad, both town dwellers and Baggara, nomadic cattle herders. Most of its .... Notes References *Alio, Khalil. 2004. Préliminaires à une étude de la langue kajakse d'Am-Dam, de toram du Salamat, d'ubi du Guéra et de masmaje du Batha-Est (Tchad). In: Gábor Takács (ed.), Egyptian and Semito-Hamitic (Afro-Asiatic) studies: in memoriam W. Vycich,. 229–285. Leiden: Brill. East Chadic languages Languages of Chad {{Chad-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mogum Language
Mogum or Mogoum is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in south central Chad. Speakers are found in Sorki canton in Chinguil sub-prefecture.Oxfam Oxfam is a British-founded confederation of 21 independent non-governmental organizations (NGOs), focusing on the alleviation of global poverty, founded in 1942 and led by Oxfam International. It began as the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief ... and Office National de Développement Rural (ONDR). 2016. Atlas de la vulnérabilité dans le Guera. Première partie: synthèse regional'. 2nd edition (updated from 2013 edition). PASISAT (Projet d’Appui à l’Amélioration du Système d’Information sur la Sécurité Alimentaire au Tchad). Notes References Dakouli, Padeu, Antje Maass, and David Toomey. 1996. Rapid appraisal of the Saba language of the Guera, Chad. N’Djamena: Association SIL. Manuscript. Jungraithmayr, Herrmann. 1961. Beobachtungen zur tschadohamitischen Sprache der Jegu (und Jonkor) von Abu Telfan (Républiqu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Migaama Language
Migaama (also known as Migama, Jongor, Djonkor, Dionkor, Dyongor, Djonkor About Telfane) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad. Speakers make up the majority of the population of Bang Bang, Chad.Oxfam Oxfam is a British-founded confederation of 21 independent non-governmental organizations (NGOs), focusing on the alleviation of global poverty, founded in 1942 and led by Oxfam International. It began as the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief ... and Office National de Développement Rural (ONDR). 2016. Atlas de la vulnérabilité dans le Guera. Première partie: synthèse regional'. 2nd edition (updated from 2013 edition). PASISAT (Projet d’Appui à l’Amélioration du Système d’Information sur la Sécurité Alimentaire au Tchad). Notes References Abdoullaye, D., and J. Kelly. 1985. On the "compound" tone in Migaama. In: Didier L. Goyvaerts (ed.), ''African Linguistics: Essays in Memory of M. W. K. Semikenke'', 1–7. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Boyel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mabire Language
Mabire is a critically endangered Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Oulek village in Chad Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North Africa, North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to Chad–Libya border, the north, Sudan to Chad–Sudan border, the east, the Central Afric .... Speakers As of a report published in 2001, there were three living speakers of Mabire, two of whom were an elderly brother and sister, named Terab and Balha, living in Oulek. The third speaker, Souleymane Dabanga, was the chief of the Mabire and lived in Katch. Classification The Mabire language belongs to the Dangla group of Eastern Chadic, along with Dangaleat (Dangla) and Migaama (Migama). Decline Fifty years ago, the Mabire lived in four large villages near Mount Mabire. These villages were Amdjaména, Arga, Mambire. The community disbanded following an epidemic, with the survivors assimilating into neighboring speech communities.Er ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonkor Bourmataguil Language
Jonkor Bourmataguil (also known as Djongor Bourmataguil, Dougne, Karakir) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Chad Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North Africa, North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to Chad–Libya border, the north, Sudan to Chad–Sudan border, the east, the Central Afric .... Notes East Chadic languages Languages of Chad {{Chad-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birgit Language
Birgit (also known as Bergit, Birgid, Berguid) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in southeastern Chad. Speakers are found in Moubi Goz Canton, Kouka Margni Sub-prefecture and in Moubi Zarga Canton, Mangalmé Sub-prefecture.Oxfam Oxfam is a British-founded confederation of 21 independent non-governmental organizations (NGOs), focusing on the alleviation of global poverty, founded in 1942 and led by Oxfam International. It began as the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief ... and Office National de Développement Rural (ONDR). 2016. Atlas de la vulnérabilité dans le Guera. Première partie: synthèse regional'. 2nd edition (updated from 2013 edition). PASISAT (Projet d’Appui à l’Amélioration du Système d’Information sur la Sécurité Alimentaire au Tchad). Notes References Jungraithmayr, Herrmann. 2004. Das Birgit eine osttschadische SpracheVokabular. In: Gábor Takács (ed.), ''Egyptian and Semito-Hamitic (Afro-Asiatic) studies: in memoriam W. Vycichl'', 34 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dangaléat Language
Dangaléat (also known as Dangla, Danal, Dangal) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad. Speakers make up the majority of the population of Migami Canton in Mongo, Chad.Oxfam Oxfam is a British-founded confederation of 21 independent non-governmental organizations (NGOs), focusing on the alleviation of global poverty, founded in 1942 and led by Oxfam International. It began as the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief ... and Office National de Développement Rural (ONDR). 2016. Atlas de la vulnérabilité dans le Guera. Première partie: synthèse regional'. 2nd edition (updated from 2013 edition). PASISAT (Projet d’Appui à l’Amélioration du Système d’Information sur la Sécurité Alimentaire au Tchad). Phonemes Notes References * Baldi, Sergio. 2007. Les emprunts arabe en dangaleat. In: Henry Tourneux (ed.), Topics in Chadic Linguistics III: Historical Studies. Papers from the 3rd Biennial International Colloquium on the Chadic Languages, 27–36 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bidiyo Language
Bidiyo (also known as Bidyo, Bidio, 'Bidio, 'Bidiyo, Bidiyo-Waana, Bidiya) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in south central Chad Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North Africa, North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to Chad–Libya border, the north, Sudan to Chad–Sudan border, the east, the Central Afric .... Notes References * Alio, Khalil . 1986. Essai de description de la langue bidiya du Guéra (Tchad). Berlin: Reimer. * Alio (Aliyo Daouchane), Khalil. 1987a. Les classes verbales en bidiya. In: Herrmann Jungraithmayr and Henry Tourneux (eds.), Etudes tchadiques, Classes et extensions verbales, 11–16. Paris: Geuthner. * Alio (Aliyo Daouchane), Khalil. 1987b. Extensions figées et productives en bidiya. In: Herrmann Jungraithmayr and Henry Tourneux (eds.), Etudes tchadiques, Classes et extensions verbales, 43–48. Paris: Geuthner. * Alio, Khalil. 1988a. Emprunts et intégration en bidiya. In: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kera Language
Kera is an East Chadic language spoken by 45,000 people in Southwest Chad and 6,000 people in North Cameroon. It was called "Tuburi" by Joseph Greenberg, a name shared with Tupuri. In Cameroon, Kera is spoken by small, isolated and scattered groups in the southern departments of Mayo-Danay (Wina commune) and Diamaré ( Ndoukoula district) in the Far North Region. It is mainly spoken in Chad. In Cameroon, the main group is near the border, south of Viri. There are about 6,000 speakers in Cameroon. Grammar Kera is a subject–verb–object language, using prepositions. It uses exclusively borderline case-marking. Phonology The phonetic symbols and charts used are from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) Consonants Labiodental flap Kera has a labiodental flap /ⱱ/, a rare sound attested in only 80 languages of the world. Out of the 60 or so words that contain this consonant, 95% of them are ideophones, which are sounds that evoke the very meaning of that word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kwang Language
Kwang (also known as Kwong) is an East Chadic language of Chad Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North Africa, North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to Chad–Libya border, the north, Sudan to Chad–Sudan border, the east, the Central Afric .... Documentation Surveys and other documentation work have been done by Nodjibogoto et al.Nodjibogoto, A. Nessiel; Mark Vanderkooi & S. Wagner. 1990. ''Étude Linguistique - Kwang''. Draft manuscript. 28pp. A description of Kwang was published by Jungraithmayr & Peust in 2023. Dialects Dialects are Mobu, Ngam, and Cagin. References Languages of Chad East Chadic languages {{Chad-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |