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Cybernetica (Norwegian Company)
Cybernetica is a Norwegian technology company with headquarters in Trondheim, Norway. Cybernetica delivers systems for model predictive control (MPC) and soft-sensing, as well as performing research and problem-solving for hire within the field of process control, for customers within polymer, metal and petroleum industry. History Cybernetica was founded on June 29, 2000, by Dr. Tor Steinar Schei, Prof. Bjarne A. Foss and Dr. Peter Singstad. The company grew out of industrial research projects on model predictive control (MPC) conducted at the department for Engineering cybernetics at SINTEF in the late 1990s. The aim of the company was to commercialize the results on model predictive control that grew out of these research projects. SINTEF secured a stake in the newly founded company when it was formed, but the main shareholders were the original four employees. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cybernetica Logo
Cybernetica may refer to: *Cybernetica (Norwegian company), company developing systems for model predictive control (MPC) *Cybernetica (Estonian company), company developing systems for Internet voting *''Cybernetica'', Journal of the International Association for Cybernetics (Namur), see Cybernetic art See also *Principia Cybernetica, international cooperation of scientists in the field of cybernetics and systems science {{dab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batch Production
Batch production is a method of manufacturing where the products are made as specified groups or amounts, within a time frame. A batch can go through a series of steps in a large manufacturing process to make the final desired product. Batch production is used for many types of manufacturing that may need smaller amounts of production at a time to ensure specific quality standards or changes in the process. This is opposed to large mass production or continuous production Continuous production is a flow production method used to manufacture, produce, or process materials without interruption. Continuous production is called a continuous process or a continuous flow process because the materials, either dry bul ... methods where the product or process does not need to be checked or changed as frequently or periodically. Characteristics In the manufacturing batch production process, the machines are in chronological order directly related to the manufacturing process. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian University Of Science And Technology
Norwegian, Norwayan, or Norsk may refer to: *Something of, from, or related to Norway, a country in northwestern Europe *Norwegians, both a nation and an ethnic group native to Norway * Demographics of Norway *The Norwegian language, including the two official written forms: **Bokmål, literally "book language", used by 85–90% of the population of Norway **Nynorsk, literally "New Norwegian", used by 10–15% of the population of Norway *The Norwegian Sea Norwegian or may also refer to: Norwegian * Norwegian Air Shuttle, an airline, trading as Norwegian **Norwegian Long Haul, a defunct subsidiary of Norwegian Air Shuttle, flying long-haul flights *Norwegian Air Lines, a former airline, merged with Scandinavian Airlines in 1951 *Norwegian coupling, used for narrow-gauge railways *Norwegian Cruise Line, a cruise line *Norwegian Elkhound, a canine breed. *Norwegian Forest cat, a domestic feline breed *Norwegian Red, a breed of dairy cattle *Norwegian Township, Schuylkill County ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Online Model
An online model is a mathematical model which tracks and mirrors a plant or process in real-time, and which is implemented with some form of automatic adaptivity to compensate for model degradation over time. Relationship to other kinds of models An online model is also sometimes referred to as an "online simulator" or "online system". An online model is related to the concept of real-time simulation, as an online model runs in real-time by definition. Conversely, a real-time simulation is not necessarily an online model as it by definition does not require adaptivity in either states or parameters. While many models are adjusted to better fit historical data, traditionally this is done in campaigns or during initial design, and often this is done either manually or with a combination of mathematical and manual methods. By contrast, online models include some automatic procedure to adapt to new process data. Background and context Online models are an aspect of process ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bottleneck (project Management)
In production and project management, a bottleneck is a process in a chain of processes, such that its limited capacity reduces the capacity of the whole chain. The result of having a bottleneck are stalls in production, supply overstock, pressure from customers, and low employee morale. There are both short and long-term bottlenecks. Short-term bottlenecks are temporary and are not normally a significant problem. An example of a short-term bottleneck would be a skilled employee taking a few days off. Long-term bottlenecks occur all the time and can cumulatively significantly slow down production. An example of a long-term bottleneck is when a machine is not efficient enough and as a result has a long queue. An example is the lack of smelter and refinery supply which cause bottlenecks upstream. Another example is in a surface-mount technology board assembly line with several pieces of equipment aligned. Usually the common sense strategy is to set up and shift the bottleneck elem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estimation Theory
Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component. The parameters describe an underlying physical setting in such a way that their value affects the distribution of the measured data. An '' estimator'' attempts to approximate the unknown parameters using the measurements. In estimation theory, two approaches are generally considered: * The probabilistic approach (described in this article) assumes that the measured data is random with probability distribution dependent on the parameters of interest * The set-membership approach assumes that the measured data vector belongs to a set which depends on the parameter vector. Examples For example, it is desired to estimate the proportion of a population of voters who will vote for a particular candidate. That proportion is the parameter sought; the estimate is based on a small random sample of voters. Alternatively, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalman Filter
For statistics and control theory, Kalman filtering, also known as linear quadratic estimation (LQE), is an algorithm that uses a series of measurements observed over time, including statistical noise and other inaccuracies, and produces estimates of unknown variables that tend to be more accurate than those based on a single measurement alone, by estimating a joint probability distribution over the variables for each timeframe. The filter is named after Rudolf E. Kálmán, who was one of the primary developers of its theory. This digital filter is sometimes termed the ''Stratonovich–Kalman–Bucy filter'' because it is a special case of a more general, nonlinear filter developed somewhat earlier by the Soviet mathematician Ruslan Stratonovich. In fact, some of the special case linear filter's equations appeared in papers by Stratonovich that were published before summer 1960, when Kalman met with Stratonovich during a conference in Moscow. Kalman filtering has numerous te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soft Sensor
Soft sensor or virtual sensor is a common name for software where several measurements are processed together. Commonly soft sensors are based on control theory and also receive the name of state observer. There may be dozens or even hundreds of measurements. The interaction of the signals can be used for calculating new quantities that need not be measured. Soft sensors are especially useful in data fusion, where measurements of different characteristics and dynamics are combined. It can be used for fault diagnosis as well as control applications. Well-known software algorithms that can be seen as soft sensors include e.g. Kalman filters. More recent implementations of soft sensors use neural networks or fuzzy computing. Examples of soft sensor applications: * Kalman filters for estimating the location * Velocity estimators in electric motors * Estimating process data using self-organizing neural networks * Fuzzy computing in process control * Estimators of food quality See al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Model Predictive Control
Model predictive control (MPC) is an advanced method of process control that is used to control a process while satisfying a set of constraints. It has been in use in the process industries in chemical plants and oil refineries since the 1980s. In recent years it has also been used in power system balancing models and in power electronics. Model predictive controllers rely on dynamic models of the process, most often linear empirical models obtained by system identification. The main advantage of MPC is the fact that it allows the current timeslot to be optimized, while keeping future timeslots in account. This is achieved by optimizing a finite time-horizon, but only implementing the current timeslot and then optimizing again, repeatedly, thus differing from a linear–quadratic regulator ( LQR). Also MPC has the ability to anticipate future events and can take control actions accordingly. PID controllers do not have this predictive ability. MPC is nearly universally implemented as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elkem
Elkem is a company that produces silicones, silicon, alloys for the foundry industry, carbon and microsilica, and other materials. Elkem was founded in 1904, has more than 7,000 employees and fields 30 production sites worldwide. Elkem has an operating income of NOK 33.7 billion. Elkem is responsible for a total of 2.52 million tonnes of scope 1 emissions in 2021. Elkem is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange (ticker: ELK). History Elkem was founded in 1904 by the industrial entrepreneur Sam Eyde (1866 – 1940). He named the company Det Norske Aktieselskap for Elektrokemisk Industri (Elektrokemisk), and the goal was to create an international industry company based on Norwegian natural resources. In 1917 a ferroalloy plant was acquired and Elkem started production of the Söderberg electrode. Throughout the 1960s and beyond Elkem expanded, primarily in Norway within aluminium, mining and finished products. In 1972 the company merged with Christiania Spigerverk and continued with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eramet
Eramet is a French multinational mining and metallurgy company, listed on the Euronext Paris exchange under the symbol ERA. The company was founded with the funding of the Rothschild family (although they were careful to avoid being listed as founders of the company) in 1880. With discretion, the family took full control of the company in 1890. The company produces non-ferrous metals and derivatives, nickel alloys and superalloys, and high-performance special steels. Through its subsidiary Société Le Nickel (SLN), the company has its historical roots in nickel mining, and for over 100 years has maintained a large mining operation in the French overseas territory of New Caledonia. It is also a major producer of manganese from mines in Gabon. The Aubert & Duval organization of Issoire France is owned by Eramet and forms part of its alloy division. Eramet's chairman and CEO is Christel Bories and its headquarters is in Paris. Activities Eramet is organised into three activit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ineos
INEOS Group Limited is a British multinational chemicals company headquartered and registered in London. , it is the fourth largest chemical company in the world. Ineos is organised into about 20 standalone business units, each with its own board and operating almost entirely independently, although founder Sir Jim Ratcliffe and his associates appear to occasionally sit on their boards. Name Ineos is derived from INspec Ethylene Oxide and Specialities, a previous name of the business. It also incorporates one Latin and two Greek words. "Ineo" is Latin for a new beginning, "Eos" is the Greek goddess of dawn, and "neos" is Greek for something new and innovative. As well as being an acronym, Ineos states its name represents the "dawn of something new and innovative". History In 1992, Inspec was formed by Sir Jim Ratcliffe, previously a director of the U.S. private equity group Advent International, and by John Hollowood, for the purpose of executing a management buy-in of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
