|
Curtis Report
The Curtis Report (1946) or the Report of the Care of Children Committee was the report of a committee investigating the care of children "deprived of a normal home life" in the England and Wales. It set out expectations for the care of children in care both in the UK and child migrants. Context Laws passed in the first decade of the 20th century provided free school meals and free medical inspection for children, taking steps to reduce child poverty beyond what the existing poor law provided. The Ursula Wise column written by Susan Isaacs in ''Nursery World'', and ''Oliver Untwisted'' by Muriel Payne advocated for reform of care services. The Beveridge Report of 1942 advocated the abolition of poor law, which had previously dealt with orphans and other children in need of state care. Some children would also be left homeless when evacuation came to an end, and there was no clear provision to deal with them. Marjory Allen had campaigned actively on behalf of children in resid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poor Relief
In English and British history, poor relief refers to government and ecclesiastical action to relieve poverty. Over the centuries, various authorities have needed to decide whose poverty deserves relief and also who should bear the cost of helping the poor. Alongside ever-changing attitudes towards poverty, many methods have been attempted to answer these questions. Since the early 16th century legislation on poverty enacted by the Parliament of England, poor relief has developed from being little more than a systematic means of punishment into a complex system of government-funded support and protection, especially following the creation in the 1940s of the welfare state. Tudor era In the late 15th century, Parliament took action on the growing problem of poverty, focusing on punishing people for being " vagabonds" and for begging. In 1495, during the reign of King Henry VII, Parliament enacted the Vagabonds and Beggars Act 1494. This provided for officers of the law to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Action For Children
Action for Children (formerly National Children's Home) is a United Kingdom, UK children's charity created to help vulnerable children and young people and their families in the UK. The charity has 7,000 staff and volunteers who operate over 475 services in the UK. They served a total of 671,275 children in 2021 and 2022. Action for Children's national headquarters is in Watford, and it is a registered charity under English and Scottish law. In 2017/2018, it had a gross income of £151 million. History The first 'Children's Home', a renovated stable in Church Street, Waterloo, London, Waterloo, was founded in 1869 by Methodist minister Thomas Bowman Stephenson, who had been moved by the plight of children living on the street in London. The first two boys were admitted on 9 July 1869. In 1871 the home was moved to Bonner Road, Victoria Park, Tower Hamlets, Victoria Park, and girls were admitted. The home was approved by the Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain), Wesleyan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seebohm Report
The Seebohm Report (1968) or the Seebohm Report on Local Authority and Allied Personal Social Services was the report of a committee reviewing the organisation and work of social services in the United Kingdom. It recommended that separate local authority health departments such as children's' mental health, social welfare, and home help, should be condensed into a single department of social service. Context Twenty years after the creation of the National Health Service, local authority services were seen as chaotic and not working well. Scandals about the treatment of people with mental health issues, learning disabilities and the elderly had led to distrust of services. Committee On 20 December 1965, Douglas Houghton MP created the Committee on Local Authority Personal Social Services, chaired by Frederic (Lord) Seebohm. Report The Seebohm Committee report recommended that social care services should be more connected with each other and other health and welfare servic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Children Act 1948
The Children Act 1948 ( 11 & 12 Geo. 6. c. 43) was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom that established a comprehensive childcare Child care, also known as day care, is the care and supervision of one or more children, typically ranging from three months to 18 years old. Although most parents spend a significant amount of time caring for their child(ren), childcare typica ... service. The law followed the Curtis Report, which addressed child welfare and was released by a government committee headed by Dame Myra Curtis. The Act was strongly influenced by the inquiry into the Dennis O'Neill case. The law reformed the services available to deprived children, consolidating existing childcare legislation and establishing departments "in which professional social work practice would develop in child care and, in due course, in work with families". The Act made it clear that it was the duty of local authorities to receive into care any child who was without parents or whos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Hare, 5th Earl Of Listowel
William Francis Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel, (28 September 1906 – 12 March 1997), styled Viscount Ennismore between 1924 and 1931, was an Anglo-Irish peer and Labour politician. He was the last Secretary of State for India, as well as the last Governor-General of Ghana. Background and education Lord Listowel was the eldest son of Richard Hare, 4th Earl of Listowel, and Freda, daughter of Francis Vanden-Bempde-Johnstone, 2nd Baron Derwent. His brothers included Professor Richard Gilbert Hare, an expert on Russian art and literature, and John Hare, 1st Viscount Blakenham, a Conservative Cabinet minister, was his younger brother. He was educated at Eton College, Balliol College, Oxford, Magdalene College, Cambridge and King's College London (PhD, 1932). Political career Listowel served as a lieutenant in the Intelligence Corps. He entered the House of Lords on the death of his father in November 1931, by right of the United Kingdom peerage of Baron Hare, and made his ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Housemother
Housemother was a job in British children's homes from the 1940s onwards. Housemothers were responsible for small groups of children living in children's homes. They lived in the same accommodation as the children, and in the first decades of the role were responsible for children during the night as well as the day. They carried out personal care tasks for children, and household chores. The model of residential care managed by housemothers was established following the Curtis Report in 1946; the small group children's homes set up following this report were sometimes called cottage homes. From 1947, there were courses to qualify as a housemother in England and Wales, and in Scotland, such as the Certificate in the Residential Care of Children. There were sometimes assistant housemothers too. Following the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (c. 37) (HSWA 1974, HASWA or HASAWA) is an act of the Parliament of the United King ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clare Winnicott
Clare Winnicott, OBE (born Clare Nimmo Britton; 30 September 1906 – 17 April 1984) was an English social worker, civil servant, psychoanalyst and teacher. She played a pivotal role in the passing of the Children Act 1948. Alongside her husband, D. W. Winnicott, Clare would go on to become a prolific writer and prominent social worker and children's advocate in 20th century England. Early life Born in the northern seaside town of Scarborough, Yorkshire and nicknamed "Elsie", Clare was the eldest of four children. Her father, James Nimmo Britton, a Scot who had migrated south, was a gifted Baptist cleric whose oratory skills led to considerable growth in attendance at the numerous churches to which he had been assigned. Her mother was Elsie Clare Slater. James Britton also founded the Avenue Baptist church in Southend-on-Sea where the Britton family was very socially involved. In 1949, Clare's mother was elected the first woman deacon of the Avenue Baptist Church. Clare's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Bowlby
Edward John Mostyn Bowlby (; 26 February 1907 – 2 September 1990) was a British psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, notable for his interest in child development and for his pioneering work in attachment theory. A ''Review of General Psychology'' survey, published in 2002, ranked Bowlby as the 49th most cited psychologist of the 20th century. Family background Bowlby was born in London to an upper-middle-income family. He was the fourth of six children and was brought up by a nanny in the British fashion of his class at that time: the family hired a nanny who was in charge of raising the children, in a separate nursery in the house.Van Dijken, S. (1998). John Bowlby: His Early Life: A Biographical Journey into the Roots of Attachment Theory. London: Free Association Books Nanny Friend took care of the infants and generally had two other nursemaids to help her. Bowlby was raised primarily by nursemaid Minnie who acted as a mother figure to him and his siblings. His father, Sir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donald Winnicott
Donald Woods Winnicott (7 April 1896 – 25 January 1971) was an English paediatrician and psychoanalyst who was especially influential in the field of object relations theory and developmental psychology. He was a leading member of the British Independent Group (psychoanalysis), British Independent Group of the British Psychoanalytical Society, President of the British Psychoanalytical Society twice (1956–1959 and 1965–1968), and a close associate of British writer and psychoanalyst Marion Milner. Winnicott is best known for his ideas on the true self and false self, the Good enough parent, "good enough" parent, and he and his second wife, Clare Winnicott, Clare, arguably his chief professional collaborator, worked with the notion of the transitional object. He wrote several books, including ''Playing and Reality'', and more than 200 papers. Early life and education Winnicott was born on 7 April 1896 in Plymouth, Devon, England, to Sir John Frederick Winnicott and Eliza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Clyde, Baron Clyde
James John Clyde, Baron Clyde, PC (29 January 1932 – 6 March 2009) was a Scottish judge. Biography James John Clyde was born in Edinburgh on 29 January 1932 the only son and youngest child of Margaret Letitia (1901–1974), (daughter of Arthur Edmund DuBuisson), and James Latham McDiarmid Clyde, (later Lord Clyde (1898–1975). He was grandson of James Avon Clyde, Lord Clyde. He attended Edinburgh Academy. In 1954 he graduated with a BA Literae Humaniores from Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and from the University of Edinburgh, graduating with a Bachelor of Laws in 1959. Clyde served in the Intelligence Corps from 1954 to 1956, and was admitted to the Faculty of Advocates in 1959. In 1971, he became a Queen's Counsel (Scotland) and was advocate-depute from 1973 to 1974. In 1972, he was made Chancellor to the Bishop of Argyll, and in 1979 Judge of the Courts of Appeal of Jersey and Guernsey, holding both posts until 1985. Between 1985 and 1996, Clyde was Senator of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
