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Curiosolites
The Coriosolites or Curiosolitae were a Gallic people dwelling on the northern coast of present-day Brittany during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Coriosolitas'' (var. ''coriosolitos'', ''curiosolitas'', ''curiosolitas'') and ''Coriosolites'' (var. ''coriosultes'', ''coricoriosuelites'', ''cariosu''-) by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), and as ''Coriosvelites'' by Pliny (1st c. AD). Pliny. ''Naturalis Historia,'' 4:18., s.v. ''Coriosolites''. The etymology of the ethnonym ''Coriosolites'' remains uncertain. The first element is certainly the Gaulish root ''corio-'' ('army, troop'), derived from Proto-Indo-European *'' kóryos'' ('army, people under arms'). However, the meaning of the second element is unclear. Pierre-Yves Lambert has proposed to interpret ''corio-solit-es'' as 'those who purchase (or sell) mercenaries', by positing a Gaulish stem ''solitu-'' ('purchase/salary of mercenaries'; cf. Gaul. ''soldurio-'' < 'body-guard, loyal, devoted', [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gauls
The Gauls (; , ''Galátai'') were a group of Celts, Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age Europe, Iron Age and the Roman Gaul, Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). They spoke Gaulish, a continental Celtic language. The Gauls emerged around the 5th century BC as bearers of La Tène culture north and west of the Alps. By the 4th century BC, they were spread over much of what is now France, Belgium, Switzerland, Southern Germany, Austria, and the Czech Republic, by virtue of controlling the trade routes along the river systems of the Rhône, Seine, Rhine, and Danube. They reached the peak of their power in the 3rd century BC. During the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, the Gauls expanded into Northern Italy (Cisalpine Gaul), leading to the Roman–Gallic wars, and Gallic invasion of the Balkans, into the Balkans, leading to Battle of Thermopylae (279 BC), war with the Greeks. These latter Gauls eventually settle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabula Peutingeriana
' (Latin Language, Latin for 'The Peutinger Map'), also known as Peutinger's Tabula, Peutinger tablesJames Strong (theologian) , James Strong and John McClintock (theologian) , John McClintock (1880)"Eleutheropolis" In: ''The Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature''. NY: Haper and Brothers. Accessed 30 August 2024 via biblicalcyclopedia.com. and Peutinger Table, is an illustrated ' (ancient Roman road map) showing the layout of the ''cursus publicus'', the road network of the Roman Empire. The map is a parchment copy, dating from around 1200, of a Late antiquity, Late Antique original. It covers Europe (without the Iberian Peninsula and the British Isles), North Africa, and parts of Asia, including the Middle East, Persia, and the Indian subcontinent. According to one hypothesis, the existing map is based on a document of the 4th or 5th century that contained a copy of the world map originally prepared by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Agrippa during the re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mars (mythology)
In ancient Roman religion and Roman mythology, mythology, Mars (, ) is the god of war and also an Roman agriculture, agricultural guardian, a combination characteristic of early ancient Rome, Rome. He is the son of Jupiter (mythology), Jupiter and Juno (mythology), Juno, and was pre-eminent among the Religion in the Roman military, Roman army's military gods. Most of his Roman festivals, festivals were held in March, the month named for him (Martius (month), Latin ''Martius''), and in October, the months which traditionally began and ended the season for both military campaigning and farming. Under the Hellenization, influence of Greek culture, Mars was interpretatio graeca, identified with the Greek mythology, Greek god Ares,''Larousse Desk Reference Encyclopedia'', The Book People, Haydock, 1995, p. 215. whose myths were reinterpreted in Latin literature, Roman literature and Roman art, art under the name of Mars. The character and dignity of Mars differs in fundamental ways fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augustus
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (), was the founder of the Roman Empire, who reigned as the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. The reign of Augustus initiated an Roman imperial cult, imperial cult and an era of regional hegemony, imperial peace (the or ) in which the Roman world was largely free of armed conflict. The Principate system of government was established during his reign and lasted until the Crisis of the Third Century. Octavian was born into an equites, equestrian branch of the plebeian Octavia gens, Octavia. Following his maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar's assassination of Julius Caesar, assassination in 44 BC, Octavian was named in Caesar's will as his Adoption in ancient Rome, adopted son and heir, and inherited Caesar's name, estate, and the loyalty of his legions. He, Mark Antony, and Marcus Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Creatio Ex Nihilo
(Latin, 'creation out of nothing') is the doctrine that matter is not eternal but had to be created by some divine creative act. It is a theistic answer to the question of how the universe came to exist. It is in contrast to ''creatio ex materia'', sometimes framed in terms of the dictum ''ex nihilo nihil fit'' or ' nothing comes from nothing', meaning all things were formed ''ex materia'' (that is, from pre-existing things). ''Creatio ex materia'' ''Creatio ex materia'' refers to the idea that matter has always existed and that the modern cosmos is a reformation of pre-existing, primordial matter; it is sometimes articulated by the philosophical dictum that nothing can come from nothing. In ancient near eastern cosmology, the universe is formed ''ex materia'' from eternal formless matter, namely the dark and still primordial ocean of chaos. In Sumerian myth this cosmic ocean is personified as the goddess Nammu "who gave birth to heaven and earth" and had existed fore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhedones
The Redones or Riedones (Gaulish: ''Rēdones'', later ''Riedones'', 'chariot- or horse-drivers') were a Gauls, Gallic tribe dwelling in the eastern part of the Brittany, Brittany peninsula during the La Tène culture, Iron age and subsequent Roman Empire, Roman conquest of Gaul. Their capital was at Condate, the site of modern day Rennes. In 57 BC they were subjugated by the Romans under forces led by Publius Licinius Crassus (son of triumvir), Publius Licinius Crassus, the son of the triumvir Marcus Licinius Crassus, but they provided men to the Gallic coalition led by Vercingetorix at the Battle of Alesia in 52. Name They are mentioned as ''R[h]edones'' by Julius Caesar, Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), ''Rhedones'' (var. ''r[h]iedones'', ''s[hi]edones'') by Pliny the Elder, Pliny (1st c. AD), ''Rhiḗdones'' (‛Ριήδονες; var. ‛Ρηήδονες), ''Rhḗdones'' (Ῥήδονες) and ''Rhēḯdones'' (Ῥηΐδονες) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as ''Redonas'' in the ''Not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diablindi
The Diablintes or Aulerci Diablites (also ''Diablintres'' or ''Diablindes'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the north of the modern Mayenne department during the Iron Age and the Roman period. They were part of the Aulerci. Name They are mentioned as ''Diablintes'' (var. ''Diablintres'', ''Diablindes'') by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), ''Diablinti'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), ''Aúlírkioi hoi'' ''Diablítai'' or ''Diaultai'' (Αύλίρκιοι οἱ Διαβλίται/Διαυλται) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as ''Diablentas'' by Orosius (early 5th c. AD). The meaning of the name is unclear. Pierre-Yves Lambert has proposed a connection with the Proto-Celtic root ''*dwēblo-'' ('double'; cf. Old Irish ''díabul''), attached to an ''-e-nt-'' participial suffix, or perhaps to ''*anto-''/''*ento-'' ('face'; cf. Old Irish ''étan''; also Bret. ''Daou-dal'' 'two-faced'). The city of Jublains, attested ca. 400 as ''civitas Diablintum'' ('civitas of the Diablintes', ''Jublent'' ca. 1100 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armorica
In ancient times, Armorica or Aremorica (Gaulish: ; ; ) was a region of Gaul between the Seine and the Loire that includes the Brittany Peninsula, and much of historical Normandy. Name The name ''Armorica'' is a Latinized form of the Gaulish toponym , which literally means 'place in front of the sea'. It is formed with the prefix ''are''- ('in front of') attached to -''mori''- ('sea') and the feminine suffix ''-(i)cā'', denoting the localization (or provenance). The inhabitants of the region were called ''Aremorici'' (sing. ''Aremoricos''), formed with the stem ''are-mori''- extended by the determinative suffix -''cos''. It is glossed by the Latin ''antemarini'' in Endlicher's Glossary. The Slavs use a similar formation, ''Po-mor-jane'' ('those in front of the sea'), to designate the inhabitants of Pomerania. The Latin adjective ''Armoricani'' was an administrative term designating in particular a sector of the Roman defence line in Gaul in Late Antiquity, the ''Tractus Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for separating the New World of the Americas (North America and South America) from the Old World of Afro-Eurasia (Africa, Asia, and Europe). Through its separation of Afro-Eurasia from the Americas, the Atlantic Ocean has played a central role in the development of human society, globalization, and the histories of many nations. While the Norse colonization of North America, Norse were the first known humans to cross the Atlantic, it was the expedition of Christopher Columbus in 1492 that proved to be the most consequential. Columbus's expedition ushered in an Age of Discovery, age of exploration and colonization of the Americas by European powers, most notably Portuguese Empire, Portugal, Spanish Empire, Sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osismi
The Osismii, Ossismii, or Ostimii (also Ossismi, Osismi) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the western part of the Armorican Peninsula (modern Brittany) during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Etymology They are mentioned as ''Osismos'' and ''Osismi'' (var. ''ossismi'') by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), ''O̓sísmioi'' (Ὀσίσμιοι) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), ''Ossismos'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), ''O̓sismíous'' (Ὀσισμίους; var. Ὀσίσμιοι, Ὀσισμαίους) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as ''Osismis'' in the ''Notitia Dignitatum'' (5th c. AD)., s.v. ''Osismii''. According to Strabo, the Massaliote explorer Pytheas, who travelled to northwestern Europe in the late 4th century BC, reported the variant ''Ōstimíous'' (Ὠστιμίους), which seems to be the earliest attested form of the name, documented before the Gaulish sound shift -''st''- > -''ss''- occurred. The Gaulish ethnonym ''Ostim(i)i'' (sing. ''Ostim(i)os'') literally means 'the ultimate', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unelli
The Venellī or Unellī (Gaulish: *''Uenellī/Wenellī'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling on the Cotentin peninsula, in the northwest of modern Normandy, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. In 57 BC, they capitulated to Caesar's legate Publius Licinius Crassus, but rebelled the following year and sent troops to help the Gallic coalition against Rome during the Battle of Alesia (52 BC). Name They are mentioned as ''V ellos'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), ''Venelli'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), ''Oủenéllōn'' (Οủενέλλων, var. Οủενeλῶν) and ''Oủénelloi'' (Οủένελλοι, var. Οủένελοι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as ''Oủenellous'' (Οủενελλους) by Cassius Dio (3rd c. AD)., s.v. ''Venelli'' and ''Unelli''. The etymology of the ethnonym is obscure. It may stem from the Celtic root ('clan, family, lineage'). Geography The pre-Roman chief town of the Venelli was probably the oppidum of , near Montsenelle. During the Roman period, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
