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Cunhambira
Cunhambira refers, among the Tupi tribes of Brazil, to the son or daughter of a prisoner with a woman from the village where he had been held captive. The child was usually killed and subsequently eaten in a cannibalistic ritual. Etymology ''Cunhambira'' means "the deceased of the woman", through the composition of the words ("woman") and ("deceased"). Custom The custom associated with cunhambiras has been well-documented. At least , Gabriel Soares de Sousa, , and Vicente do Salvador recorded it. They did not indicate, however, any preference for the sex of the child destined for cannibalism. The children of prisoners with women from the village where they had been held captive were destined to die according to the same ritual as the warriors who were caught in combat. Although some authors claim the children were executed shortly after birth, most assert the mothers cared for them for a few years, during which they were raised as members of the tribe. When the time o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupi People
The Tupi people, a subdivision of the Tupi-Guarani linguistic families, were one of the largest groups of indigenous peoples in Brazil before its colonization. Scholars believe that while they first settled in the Amazon rainforest, from about 2,900 years ago the Tupi started to migrate southward and gradually occupied the Atlantic coast of Southeast Brazil. Many Tupi people today are merged with the Guaraní people, forming the Tupi–Guarani languages. The Guarani languages are a subdivision of the Tupian languages. History The Tupi people inhabited 3/4 of all of Brazil's coast when the Portuguese first arrived there. In 1500, their population was estimated at 1 million people, nearly equal to the population of Portugal at the time. They were divided into tribes, each tribe numbering from 300 to 2,000 people. Some examples of these tribes are: '' Tupiniquim'', '' Tupinambá'', ''Potiguara'', '' Tabajara'', '' Caetés'', ''Temiminó'', ''Tamoios''. The Tupi were adept ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Cannibalism
Human cannibalism is the act or practice of Human, humans eating the Meat, flesh or internal organs of other human beings. A person who practices cannibalism is called a cannibal. The meaning of "cannibalism" has been extended into zoology to describe animals consuming parts of individuals of the same species as food. Early modern human, Anatomically modern humans, Neanderthals, and ''Homo antecessor'' are known to have practised cannibalism to some extent in the Pleistocene. Cannibalism was occasionally practised in Egypt during ancient Egypt, ancient and Roman Egypt, Roman times, as well as later during severe famines. The Island Caribs of the Lesser Antilles, whose name is the origin of the word ''cannibal'', acquired a long-standing reputation as eaters of human flesh, reconfirmed when their legends were recorded in the 17th century. Some controversy exists over the accuracy of these legends and the prevalence of actual cannibalism in the culture. Reports describing cannib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Compound (linguistics)
In linguistics, a compound is a lexeme (less precisely, a word or Sign language, sign) that consists of more than one Word stem, stem. Compounding, composition or nominal composition is the process of word formation that creates compound lexemes. Compounding occurs when two or more words or signs are joined to make a longer word or sign. Consequently, a compound is a unit composed of more than one stem, forming words or signs. If the joining of the words or signs is orthographically represented with a hyphen, the result is a hyphenated compound (e.g., ''must-have'', ''hunter-gatherer)''. If they are joined without an intervening space, it is a closed compound (e.g., ''footpath'', ''blackbird''). If they are joined with a space (e.g. ''school bus, high school, lowest common denominator''), then the result – at least in English – may be an open compound. The meaning of the compound may be similar to or different from the meaning of its components in isolation. The component stem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Soares De Sousa
Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1540–1591) was a Portuguese explorer and naturalist. A participant in Francisco Barretos Africa expeditions, he settled in the Portuguese colony of Brazil living there for seventeen years. He wrote ''Tratado Descritivo do Brasil'' (A Descriptive Treatise of Brazil), published in 1587. This part encyclopaedia and part personal narrative describes flora and cultivated plants, gives an account of the culture of cotton, the medicinal qualities of tobacco and the so-called “trees reaes” or royal trees, trees of commercial value. It also covers native tribes. In 1591 he led an expedition along the São Francisco River. References * This article incorporates text from História da Literatura Brasileira, de José Veríssimo, in public domain The public domain (PD) consists of all the creative work to which no Exclusive exclusive intellectual property rights apply. Those rights may have expired, been forfeited, expressly Waiver, waived, or may be inap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vicente Do Salvador
Vicente do Salvador born Vicente Rodrigues Palha, (Salvador, December 20, 1564 – c. 1635) was a Franciscan friar in the Portuguese colony of Brazil, the author of the first history of Brazil, often titled the "father of Brazilian history". Vicente Rodrigues Palha was born in Matuim, about six miles north of the city of Bahia in 1564. Like most learned men of the time, he studied in the Jesuit College of Salvador, Bahia, and later in the University of Coimbra where he majored. Returning to Brazil, he was ordained priest, came to be canon at the cathedral and vicar-general of Bahia. At thirty-five he became a Franciscan friar, changing his name to Vicente Salvador. He was a missionary in Paraíba, lived in Pernambuco and cooperated in the founding of the Franciscan house in Rio de Janeiro in 1607, becoming its first prelate. After returning to Pernambuco, where he taught arts at the convent of the order, in Olinda, returning to Bahia in 1612. He was elected in Lisbon custodian of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Alfonse
Jean Fonteneau, dit Alfonse de Saintonge (also spelled Jean Allefonsce) or João Afonso in Portuguese (also spelled João Alfonso) ( – December 1544 or 1549) was a Portuguese navigator, explorer and corsair, prominent in the European Age of Discovery. He had an early career in Portugal and later served the King of France. Early years and personal life Born João Afonso and later known in France as Jean Fonteneau or Alfonse of Saintonge, he married a woman named Valentine Alfonse (Valentina Alfonso). Taking to the sea at age 12, he joined the Portuguese India Armadas and the Portuguese commercial fleets as they sailed past the seven seas to the coasts of Brazil, Western Africa, and around the Cape to Madagascar and Asia. His writings talk of days lasting three months, and of a vast southern continent, the Terra Australis, and the Jave la Grande, which he claims to have seen south of Southeast Asia, possibly suggesting he had approached the Arctic (by North America), Austr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parents to the adoptive parents. Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction. Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption, while others used less formal means (notably contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation). Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations. History Antiquity Adoption for the well-born While the modern form of adoption emerged in the United States, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cannibalism In The Americas
Cannibalism in the Americas has been practiced in many places throughout much of the history of North America and South America. The modern term "Human cannibalism, cannibal" is derived from the name of the Kalinago language, Island Caribs (Kalinago), who were encountered by Christopher Columbus in The Bahamas. While numerous cultures in the Americas were reported by European explorers and colonizers to have engaged in cannibalism, some of these claims may be unreliable since the Spanish Empire used them to justify conquest. At least some cultures have been archeologically proven beyond any doubt to have undertaken institutionalized cannibalism. This includes human bones uncovered in a cave hamlet confirming accounts of the Xiximes undertaking ritualized raids as part of their agricultural cycle after every harvest. Also proven are the Aztecs, Aztec ritual ceremonies during the Spanish conquest at Tecoaque. The Ancestral Puebloans, Anasazi in the 12th century have also been demo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Língua Indígena Clássica Do Brasil
A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, and others worldwide. Its name in English is '' a'' (pronounced ), plural ''aes''. It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar. The lowercase version is often written in one of two forms: the double-storey and single-storey . The latter is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children, and is also found in italic type. In English, ''English articles, a'' is the indefinite article, with the alternative form ''an''. Name In English, the name of the letter is the ''long A'' sound, pronounced . Its name in most other languages matches the letter's pronunciation in open syllables. History The earliest known ancestor of A is ''aleph''—the first letter o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
