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Cuerpo De Defensa Rural
The Rurales are a Mexican part-time militia called the ''Cuerpo de Defensa Rural'' (Rural Defense Corps). Origins Cuerpo de Defensa Rural was originally formed as village self-defence groups during the agrarian disturbances of the 1920s. They do not have any functions that parallel those of the paramilitary mounted police force of the 1861–1914 era. This corps was formed under army jurisdiction according to the Organic Law of 1926. Its origins, however, date back to the period when the revolutionary agrarian reform program was first implemented in 1915. In efforts to protect themselves against the private armies of recalcitrant, large landowners, rural peasants organized themselves into small defence units and were provided with weapons by the revolutionary government. Until 1955 enlistment in the Rural Defence Force was restricted to peasants working on collective farms (ejidos). After 1955 participation in the Rural Defence Force was expanded to include small farmers and l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms Of Mexico
The coat of arms of Mexico (, lit. "national shield of Mexico") is a national symbol of Mexico and depicts a Mexican golden eagle, Mexican (golden) eagle perched on a Opuntia, prickly pear cactus devouring a rattlesnake. The design is rooted in the legend that the Aztec people would know where to build Tenochtitlan, their city once they saw an eagle eating a snake on top of a lake. The image has been an important symbol of Mexican politics and Mexican culture, culture for centuries. To the people of Tenochtitlan, this symbol had strong religious connotations, and to the Europeans, it came to symbolize the triumph of good over evil (with the snake sometimes representative of the serpent in the Garden of Eden). The Law on the National Arms, Flag, and Anthem (Mexico), Mexican law on the National Arms, Flag, and Anthem regulates the name, the design and use of the arms. There they are officially called "coat of arms" (, literally "shield"), even if there is no Escutcheon (heraldry), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican Mauser Model 1954
The Mexican Mauser Model 1954, officially designated Mosquetón Mod. 1954, was a Mexican Mauser-type bolt-action rifle, produced in Mexico. Derived from the Mexican-made Mauser Model 1936, it used many of the M1903 Springfield rifle features, including the .30-06 caliber. Design The Model 1954 was a simplified Mauser Model 1936. Its stock was made of laminated plywood. Apart from being chambered in 7.62, it used the swivel and the rear sight of the Springfield M1903A3. However, some of the Model 1954 kept the Model 1936 tangent leaf sight. It accepted the bayonet of the Model 1895 rifle. It existed in both rifle and carbine configurations. History The Model 1954 was developed after the Mexican Army received many American weapons, such as the M1 Garand. Since more and more semi-automatic weapons became available on the surplus market, the production of the Model 1954 was reduced from 1955 but continued until 1959. Some of these rifles were supplied to the Mexican Navy and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Enforcement In Mexico
Mexico's law enforcement operates with three distinct powers of authority and jurisdiction: federal, state and municipal. The Federal Police, which oversaw nationwide police operations, was dissolved in 2019 by president Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador due to corruption, links with organized crime and similar issues. The Mexican National Guard replaced the Federal Police. Overview There are two federal police forces, 31 state police forces including two for Mexico City, and (per an investigation of the Executive Secretariat of the National Public Safety System) 1,807 municipal police forces. There are 366 officers per 100,000 people, which equals approximately 500,000 in total. Moreover, regarding federal law enforcement and defense, Mexico's government owns the Ministry of Security and Civilian Protection (Secretaría de Seguridad y Protección Ciudadana - SSPC), the Ministry of National Defense, and the Ministry of Navy (Secretaría de Marina - SEMAR). The Mexican Army, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Jornada
''La Jornada'' (''The Working Day'') is one of Mexico City's leading daily newspapers. It was established in 1984 by Carlos Payán Velver. The current editor (''directora general'') is Carmen Lira Saade. As of 2006 it had approximately 287,000 readers in Mexico City, and, according to them, their website has approximately 180,000 daily page views. The online version was launched in 1995, with no restrictions on access and a Google-based search that includes the historic archives of the newspaper. The website is hosted by the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Regional Editions ''La Jornada'' has the following regional editions: * La Jornada Aguascalientes * La Jornada Baja California * La Jornada Estado de México * La Jornada Hidalgo * La Jornada Maya * La Jornada Morelos * La Jornada de Oriente * La Jornada San Luis * La Jornada Veracruz * La Jornada Zacatecas Previously, ''La Jornada'' had editions in Guerrero, Jalisco, and Michoacán. Contributors Many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Excélsior
''Excélsior'' is a daily newspaper in Mexico City. It is the second-oldest paper in the city after ''El Universal (Mexico City), El Universal'', printing its first issue on March 18, 1917. The newspaper's headquarters are located at Avenida Bucareli 1 in Colonia Juárez, Mexico City, at the intersection between that avenue and Paseo de la Reforma, which is known as (the "Information Corner" or "News Corner" in Spanish), since the headquarters of ''El Universal'' are also within this area. The historic building of its headquarters is located between Paseo de la Reforma 18 and Avenida Bucareli 17, next to the modern building. History Originating from the weekly journal Revista de revistas, ''Excélsior'' was founded by :es:Rafael Alducin, Rafael Alducin and first published in Mexico City on March 18, 1917. Before choosing its current location, the headquarters were initially set at the corner between the streets of Colón and Rosales (this corner no longer exists, it was located ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grupos De Autodefensa Comunitaria
''Grupos de autodefensas'' (self-defenders groups) or Policía Comunitaria (Community Police) or Policía Popular (People's Police) are vigilante self-defense groups that arose in the Gulf of Mexico and South Mexico regions between 2012 and 2013. The Mexican government has attempted to monitor and absorb these groups into the federal government to act as Rural Police in order to avoid clashes between the paramilitaries and the Mexican Armed Forces itself.Heineman, Matthew. Cartel Land. Netflix video. Directed by Matthew Heineman. 2015. A&E Indie Films Background The presidential administration of Felipe Calderón Hinojosa (2006–2012) began a fight against drug cartels in the state of Michoacán. The primary resource used in the fight was the anti-drug joint police and military initiative known as Operation Michoacán. However, even though in states such as Tamaulipas or Veracruz killings by criminal and military power declined significantly, the campaign against orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vigilantism
Vigilantism () is the act of preventing, investigating, and punishing perceived offenses and crimes without legal authority. A vigilante is a person who practices or partakes in vigilantism, or undertakes public safety and retributive justice without commission. Definition The term is borrowed from Italian , which means 'sentinel' or 'watcher', from Latin . According to political scientist Regina Bateson, vigilantism is "the extralegal prevention, investigation, or punishment of offenses." The definition has three components: # Extralegal: Vigilantism is done outside of the law (not necessarily in violation of the law) # Prevention, investigation, or punishment: Vigilantism requires specific actions, not just attitudes or beliefs # Offense: Vigilantism is a response to a perceived crime or violation of an authoritative norm Other scholars have defined "collective vigilantism" as "group violence to punish perceived offenses to a community." Les Johnston argues that vigilant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michoacán
Michoacán, formally Michoacán de Ocampo, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Michoacán de Ocampo, is one of the 31 states which, together with Mexico City, compose the Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. The state is divided into 113 Municipalities of Michoacán, municipalities and its capital city is Morelia (formerly called Valladolid). The city was named after José María Morelos, a native of the city and one of the main heroes of the Mexican War of Independence. Michoacán is located in western Mexico, and has a stretch of coastline on the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. It is bordered by the states of Colima and Jalisco to the west and northwest, Guanajuato to the north, Querétaro to the northeast, State of Mexico, the State of México to the east, and Guerrero to the southeast. The name Michoacán is from Nahuatl: ''Michhuahcān'' from ''michhuah'' and ''-cān'' and means "place of the fishermen", referring to those who fish on Lake ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platoon
A platoon is a Military organization, military unit typically composed of two to four squads, Section (military unit), sections, or patrols. Platoon organization varies depending on the country and the Military branch, branch, but a platoon can be composed of 20–50 troops, although specific platoons may range from 10 to 100 people. A platoon is typically the smallest military unit led by a Officer (armed forces), commissioned officer. The platoon leader is usually a junior officer—a Second lieutenant, second or first lieutenant or an equivalent rank. The officer is usually assisted by a platoon sergeant. Rifle platoons normally consist of a small platoon headquarters and three or four sections (Commonwealth) or squads (United States). In some armies, platoon is used throughout the branches of the army. In a few armies, such as the French Army, a platoon is specifically a cavalry unit, and the infantry use "section" as the equivalent unit. A unit consisting of several platoon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Military Balance
The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) is an international research institute or think tank focusing on defence and security issues. Since 1997, its headquarters have been at Arundel House in London. It has offices on four continents, producing data and research on questions of defence, security and global affairs, publishing publications and online analysis, and convening major security summits. ''The Guardian'' newspaper has described the IISS as ‘one of the world’s leading security think tanks.’ The current Director-General and Chief Executive is Bastian Giegerich while Sir John Chipman is the Executive Chairman. The 2017 Global Go To Think Tank Index ranked IISS as the tenth-best think tank worldwide and the second-best Defence and National Security think tank globally, while Transparify ranked it third-largest UK think tank by expenditure, but gave it its lowest rating, describing it as deceptive, on funding transparency. Research The institute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican Army
The Mexican Army () is the combined Army, land and Air Force, air branch and is the largest part of the Mexican Armed Forces; it is also known as the National Defense Army. The Army is under the authority of the Secretariat of National Defense or SEDENA and is headed by the Secretary of National Defence. It was the first army to adopt (1908) and use (1910) a self-loading rifle, the Mondragón rifle. The Mexican Army has an active duty force of 261,773 men and women in 2024. History Antecedents Pre-Columbian era: native warriors In the prehispanic era, there were many indigenous tribes and highly developed city-states in what is now known as central Mexico. The most advanced and powerful kingdoms were those of Tenochtitlan, Texcoco (altepetl), Texcoco and Tlacopan, which comprised populations of the same ethnic origin and were politically linked by an alliance known as the Aztec Triple Alliance, Triple Alliance; colloquially these three states are known as the Aztec. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IISS
The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) is an international research institute or think tank focusing on defence and security issues. Since 1997, its headquarters have been at Arundel House in London. It has offices on four continents, producing data and research on questions of defence, security and global affairs, publishing publications and online analysis, and convening major security summits. ''The Guardian'' newspaper has described the IISS as ‘one of the world’s leading security think tanks.’ The current Director-General and Chief Executive is Bastian Giegerich while Sir John Chipman is the Executive Chairman. The 2017 Global Go To Think Tank Index ranked IISS as the tenth-best think tank worldwide and the second-best Defence and National Security think tank globally, while Transparify ranked it third-largest UK think tank by expenditure, but gave it its lowest rating, describing it as deceptive, on funding transparency. Research The institu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
