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Croatian Catholic Movement
Croatian Catholic movement (HKP) is a form of political Catholicism which was active in the first half of the 20th century in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The movement was a response to increasing liberalism, with a new, aggressive approach, as the Church and religion lost influence.Mark Biondich, "Radical Catholicism and Fascism in Croatia, 1918–1945 1." ''Totalitarian movements and political religions'' 8.2 (2007): 383-399. History The movement began with First Croatian Catholic meeting in Zagreb in 1900, which were initiated by similar motions in Europe and by the impulses of the popes Leo XIII and Pius X. By the conclusion of the meeting, Croatian Catholic publishing society were established, which ran the Catholic newspaper ''Hrvatstvo'' in Zagreb 1904. Meanwhile, Antun Mahnić (1850–1920), bishop of Krk, started a magazine for Christian philosophy called ''Hrvatska straža''.At the same time he founded student Catholic magazines and societies all over the Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laity
In religious organizations, the laity () — individually a layperson, layman or laywoman — consists of all Church membership, members who are not part of the clergy, usually including any non-Ordination, ordained members of religious orders, e.g. a nun or a lay brother. In secular usage, by extension, a layperson is a person who is not qualified in a given profession or is not an expert in a particular field. The phrase "layman's terms" is used to refer to plain language that is understandable to the everyday person, as opposed to specialised terminology understood only by a professional. Terms such as ''lay priest'', ''lay clergy'' and ''lay nun'' were once used in certain Buddhist cultures, especially Japanese, to indicate ordained persons who continued to live in the wider community instead of retiring to a monastery. Some Christian churches utilise lay preachers, who sermon, preach but are not clergy. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints uses the term ''lay pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholicism And Politics
The Catholic Church and politics concerns the interplay of Catholicism with religious, and later secular, politics. The Catholic Church's views and teachings have evolved over its history and have at times been significant political influences within nations. Overview Historically, the Church followed the policy of strict neutrality, with Catholic thinkers such as Eusebius of Caesarea believing that the Church should not concern itself with political matters. However, Saint Augustine, one of the Doctors of the Church, influenced the Church with his theory of minimal involvement in politics, according to which the Church "accepted the legitimacy of even pagan governments that maintained a social order useful to Christians as well, and to the extent that the freedom of the Church to carry out its evangelical task was allowed." In the 13th century, Thomas Aquinas discussed the concept of political legitimacy and the moral issues of using political power, concluding that explicit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rijeka
Rijeka (; Fiume ([ˈfjuːme]) in Italian and in Fiuman dialect, Fiuman Venetian) is the principal seaport and the List of cities and towns in Croatia, third-largest city in Croatia. It is located in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and in 2021 had a population of 107,964 inhabitants. Historically, because of its strategic position and Port of Rijeka, its excellent deep-water port, the city was fiercely contested, especially between the Holy Roman Empire, Venice, Italy and Yugoslavia, changing rulers and demographics many times over centuries. According to the Demographics of Croatia, 2011 census data, 85% of its citizens are Croats, along with small numbers of Serbs of Croatia, Serbs, Bosniaks of Croatia, Bosniaks and Italians of Croatia, Italians. Rijeka is the main city and county seat of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. The city's economy largely depends on shipbuilding (shipyards "3. Maj" and "Viktor Lenac Shipyard") and maritime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yugoslavia
, common_name = Yugoslavia , life_span = 1918–19921941–1945: World War II in Yugoslavia#Axis invasion and dismemberment of Yugoslavia, Axis occupation , p1 = Kingdom of SerbiaSerbia , flag_p1 = State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg , p2 = Kingdom of MontenegroMontenegro , flag_p2 = Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro.svg , p3 = State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs , flag_p3 = Flag of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.svg , p4 = Austria-Hungary , flag_p4 = Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg , p7 = Free State of FiumeFiume , flag_p7 = Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg , s1 = Croatia , flag_s1 = Flag of Croatia (1990).svg , s2 = Slovenia , flag_s2 = Flag of Slovenia.svg , s3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Action
Catholic Action is a movement of Catholic laity, lay people within the Catholic Church which advocates for increased Catholic influence on society. Catholic Action groups were especially active in the nineteenth century in historically Catholic countries under Anti-clericalism, anti-clerical regimes, such as Spain, Italy, Bavaria, France, and Belgium. Catholic Action is not a political party in and of itself; however, in many times and places, these movements have engaged in political activities. Since World War II, the concept has often been supplanted by Christian democracy, Christian Democrat parties that were organised to combat Communist party, Communist parties and promote Catholic social teaching, Catholic social justice principles in places such as Italy and West Germany. Catholic Action generally includes various subgroups for youth, women, workers, and so on. In the postwar period, the various national Catholic Action organizations for workers formed the World Movement of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Merz
Ivan Merz (16 December 1896 − 10 May 1928) was a Catholic layman from Bosnia and important supporter of the Catholic Church in Croatia. Merz promoted the Liturgical Movement in Croatia and together with Ivo Protulipac, he established a movement for the young people, ''Hrvatski orlovski savez'' ("The Croatian Union of the Eagles"), inspired by the Eucharistic Crusade, which he had encountered in France. He was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 2003. Life Ivan Merz was born in Banja Luka, Bosnia, on 16 December 1896. Merz entered military service for Austro-Hungarian Army as a young adult, completed it after three months and began studying in Vienna in 1915. During the First World War he was drafted into the army and fought on the Italian front. After the World War, Merz devoted himself entirely to serving in the Roman Catholic Church and took a vow of chastity. In October 1920, Merz went to Paris and studied at the Sorbonne and the Institut Catholique de Paris. In 1923 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivo Protulipac
Ivo Protulipac (4 June 1899 – 31 January 1946) was a Croatian lawyer and Catholic activist, assassinated in 1946, reportedly by the UDBA (Yugoslav secret police). He served in the defence of Marko Hranilović in the latter's trial by the Royal Yugoslav government in 1930. He was the president of the "Union of Croatian Eagles" ("Hrvatski orlovski savez"). When the association was banned by King Alexander's dictatorship, he reformed it together with Ivan Merz under the name "Crusaders" ("Križari").Dictatorship of King Alexander and the Roman Catholic Church , cpi.hr; accessed 11 March 2016. He was subsequently imprisoned for this act and bishops Akšamović and Bonefačić were brought in by the authorities for questioning. He was assassinated, reportedly by |
Kingdom Of Yugoslavia
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast Europe, Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941. From 1918 to 1929, it was officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, but the term "Yugoslavia" () has been its colloquial name as early as 1922 due to its origins. "Kraljevina Jugoslavija! Novi naziv naše države. No, mi smo itak med seboj vedno dejali Jugoslavija, četudi je bilo na vseh uradnih listih Kraljevina Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev. In tudi drugi narodi, kakor Nemci in Francozi, so pisali že prej v svojih listih mnogo o Jugoslaviji. 3. oktobra, ko je kralj Aleksander podpisal "Zakon o nazivu in razdelitvi kraljevine na upravna območja", pa je bil naslov kraljevine Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev za vedno izbrisan." (Naš rod ("Our Generation", a monthly Slovene language periodical), Ljubljana 1929/30, št. 1, str. 22, letnik I.) The official name of the state was changed to "Kingdom of Yugoslavia" by King Alexander I of Yugosla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croatian People's Party (1919)
Croatian Popular Party (, ) was a minor political party that acted as a political branch of the Croatian Catholic Movement and it existed between 1919 and 1929 in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Until Stjepan Radić's assassination in National Assembly in Belgrade in 1928, the Croatian Catholic Movement was pro-Yugoslav, and after the assassination pro-Croatian within Yugoslavia. However, after the failure of the Yugoslav government to implement the concordate with the Holy See, the Croatian Catholic Movement became strictly pro-Croatian. The HPS was established by the main organ of the Croatian Catholic Movement, the Croatian Catholic Seniorate (HKS). The HPS was active in all parts of Yugoslavia where Croatian Catholics were present, excluding Vojvodina, where a political party with an identical programme, the Bunjevac-Šokac Party (BŠS) was active. The programme of the HPS was based on Christian principles. For this reason, its political opponents, including the Cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May Declaration
The May Declaration (, , /Мајска декларација) was a manifesto of political demands for unification of South Slav-inhabited territories within Austria-Hungary put forward to the Imperial Council in Vienna on 30 May 1917. It was authored by Anton Korošec, the leader of the Slovene People's Party. The document was signed by Korošec and thirty-two other council delegates representing South-Slavic lands within the Cisleithanian part of the dual monarchy – the Slovene Lands, the Dalmatia, Istria, and the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The delegates who signed the declaration were known as the Yugoslav Club. The May Declaration was generally favourably greeted by Croat politicians in Croatia-Slavonia, but was met with opposition or indifference by the Bosniaks, the Bosnian Serbs, and the Croatian Serbs. The declaration also applied pressure on the government of the Kingdom of Serbia which saw the objectives of the declaration as a threat to fulfilment o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
