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Criticism Of The Constitution Of Bangladesh
The Constitution of Bangladesh—since its adoption by the 'controversial' and virtually "one-party" Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh in 1972—has repeatedly come under criticism for its failure to build institutionalism in governance and politics, safeguard human rights, and ensure the independence of the judiciary and the legislature from the executive. Many denounced the Constitution for facilitating autocracy and labelled it as a "fascist constitution." The Fundamental Principles of State Policy in Part II are often dismissed as empty rhetoric due to their unjusticiability, while Fundamental Rights in Part III are constrained by extensive, imposable restrictions. The elevation of ideological principles above civil rights is commonly viewed as a defining trait of fascism. The Constitution's ideological alignment with “ Mujibism”—embodying nationalism, socialism, democracy and secularism as its four foundational pillars—has also led some to label it the “Mujibist Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secularism In Bangladesh
Secularism in Bangladesh is known as "neutrality of religion" () under Bangladeshi law. In the Constitution of Bangladesh, secularism is mentioned in the preamble as one of the fundamental principles of Bangladeshi law. Article 8 enshrines secularism as one of the fundamental principles of state policy. Article 12 elaborates further on secularism and freedom of religion. In 1977, after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (in 1975), secularism was removed from the constitution by a Martial Law directive during the military dictatorship of Ziaur Rahman. In 1988, the Parliament of Bangladesh declared Islam as the state religion during the presidency of Hussain Muhammad Ershad. After the restoration of parliamentary democracy in 1990, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and Awami League governments retained Islam as the state religion. In 2010, the Bangladesh Supreme Court ruled that the removal of secularism in 1977 was illegal because it was done by an unconstitutional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jatiya Nagorik Committee
The Jatiya Nagorik Committee () is a Bangladeshi political platform. The platform was formed in the aftermath of the July Revolution with a view to building consensus on rebuilding Bangladesh as an inclusive democracy following the ouster of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on 5 August 2024. Background Students in Bangladesh began a quota reform movement in early June 2024 after the Bangladesh Supreme Court invalidated the government's 2018 circular regarding job quotas in the public sector. The movement escalated into a full-fledged mass uprising after the government carried out mass killings of protesters, known as the July massacre, by late July. By early August, the movement evolved into a Non-cooperation movement (2024), non-cooperation movement, ultimately leading to the ouster of the then-Prime Minister, Sheikh Hasina Sheikh Hasina (''née'' Wazed; born 28 September 1947) is a Bangladeshi politician who served as the tenth prime minister of Bangladesh from June 1996 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-discrimination Students Movement
Students Against Discrimination () is a platform of student activists in Bangladesh formed in 2024 during the nationwide student-led quota reform movement. The group was involved in the ousting of the country's former prime minister Sheikh Hasina on 5 August 2024 through the Student–People's uprising. It is an umbrella organization. It works on building the political range of Bangladesh, though it is a non-political organization. On 22 October 2024, the Students Against Discrimination and the Jatiya Nagorik Committee jointly announced a five-point demand, advocating for sweeping political and constitutional changes to dismantle what they describe as a "fascist political settlement" and replace it with a democratic one. History The organisation was created on 1 July 2024. On 8 July 2024, it announced a 65-member committee, comprising 23 coordinators and 42 co-coordinators, to make the movement a success after its creation. On 3 August, after the agitation grew in scal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Student–People's Uprising
The July Revolution, also known as the Student–People's uprising, was a pro-democracy mass uprising in Bangladesh in 2024. It began as a quota reform movement in early June 2024, led by the Students Against Discrimination, after the Bangladesh Supreme Court invalidated the government's 2018 circular regarding job quotas in the public sector. The movement escalated into a full-fledged mass uprising after the government carried out mass killings of protesters, known as the July massacre, by late July. By early August, the movement evolved into a non-cooperation movement, ultimately leading to the ouster of the then-prime minister, Sheikh Hasina, who fled to India. Hasina's ouster triggered a constitutional crisis, leading to the formation of an interim government led by the country's only Nobel laureate, Muhammad Yunus, as the chief adviser. Names ''July Revolution'' and ''Student–People's uprising'' are the two most widely used names of the movement. On 3 August, one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rastro Songskar Andolon
The Rastro Songskar Andolon (State Reform Movement) is a Bangladeshi political party, which advocates for constitutional and institutional reforms in the country's government. The party began as a movement for state reform and that's why its name retains the word "andolon", which means movement. Leadership Hasnat Quaiyum, a lawyer and political activist, is the chief coordinator of the movement and has been its primary leader. His legal background has contributed to the organisation's focus on constitutional reforms. Objectives The party calls for institutional reforms that would create a more equitable distribution of power, resources, and opportunities across Bangladesh. Rastro Songskar Andolon stands against the concentration of power in a small political and economic elite, aiming instead to decentralize power and make governance more responsive to the needs of ordinary citizens.{{Cite news , date=2024-08-17 , script-title=bn:টাস্কফোর্সের মাধ� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Of Exception
A state of exception () is a concept introduced in the 1920s by the German philosopher, jurist and Nazi Party member Carl Schmitt, similar to a state of emergency (martial law) but based in the sovereign's ability to transcend the rule of law in the name of the public order and the survival of a state. Its difference to a state of emergency lies in the two concepts' diverging relationship to the law; while a state of emergency is considered to be mostly declaratory, a state of exception is considered to be more politically significant, as it nullifies the legal validity of certain legal orders by the sovereign decision. Background The idea that a state may need to deal with unforeseen and critical problems is ancient; for instance, the Republican Roman concept of the dictatorship allowed a single person to take extraordinary measures, under strict controls. Renaissance thinkers such as Machiavelli and Jean Bodin also discussed the problem. However, while monarchy implies elemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Badruddin Umar
Badruddin Umar (; born 20 December 1931) is a Bangladeshi Marxist–Leninist theorist, political activist, historian, writer, intellectual and leader of the Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) (Umar). His father, Abul Hashim, was a prominent politician in the Indian subcontinent. Early life, education, and career Umar was born on 20 December 1931 to a Bengali family of Muslim zamindars in the village of Kashiara in Burdwan district, Bengal Presidency. Although his father Abul Hashim and grandfather Abul Kasem opposed the Pakistan Movement, Hashim decided to move to East Pakistan and settled in Dhaka in 1950. Umar received his MA in philosophy from University of Dhaka and his BA Honors degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) from University of Oxford. Umar began his academic career as a teacher at University of Dhaka on a temporary basis. In 1963, he joined Rajshahi University as the founder-chair of the political science department. He also found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Singapore
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south along with the Riau Islands in Indonesia, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor along with the State of Johor in Malaysia to the north. In its early history, Singapore was a maritime emporium known as '' Temasek''; subsequently, it was part of a major constituent part of several successive thalassocratic empires. Its contemporary era began in 1819, when Stamford Raffles established Singapore as an entrepôt trading post of the British Empire. In 1867, Singapore came under the direct control of Britain as part of the Straits Settlements. During World ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing. Originally founded in 1842 in Berlin, it expanded internationally in the 1960s, and through mergers in the 1990s and a sale to venture capitalists it fused with Wolters Kluwer and eventually became part of Springer Nature in 2015. Springer has major offices in Berlin, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, and New York City. History Julius Springer founded Springer-Verlag in Berlin in 1842 and his son Ferdinand Springer grew it from a small firm of 4 employees into Germany's then second-largest academic publisher with 65 staff in 1872.Chronology ". Springer Science+Business Media. In 1964, Springer expanded its business internationally, op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyber Security Act, 2023
The Cyber Security Act, 2023 is a digital security law enacted in Bangladesh, replacing the Digital Security Act, 2018. Amnesty International described it as a replication of the "draconian" Digital Security Act. History The Cyber Security Act, 2023 was passed by the Parliament of Bangladesh in September 2023 with provisions for punishing those filing fake cases under the act. It contains most of the provisions of Digital Security Act, 2018 and Section 57 of the Information and Communication Technology Act, 2006. Amnesty International said it does not comply with "international human rights law". The law renamed Digital Security Agency to Cyber Security Agency. Transparency International Bangladesh and Article 19 have been critical of the law and its impact on the citizens of Bangladesh. During the Quota reforms protests, the law was used to file cases against those posting negative posts about then Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. After the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Special Powers Act, 1974
Special Powers Act, 1974 is an Act of parliament in Bangladesh. The law allows the government of Bangladesh to detain people indefinitely without bringing any formal charges against them. History The act was passed in 1974 to replace the Security Act of Pakistan 1952, the Public Safety Ordinance of 1958 and the Bangladesh Collaborators (Special Tribunals) Order, 1972. The law targets smuggling, hoarding, and damaging actions. The law allows the government to detain individuals on preventive ground. Awami League dominated Bangladesh Parliament passed the law on 9 February 1974. The Awami League was criticised for passing the law. The law was opposed by Ataur Rahman Khan and Abdus Sattar. Individuals can be detained up to six months without being charged and indefinitely if endorsed by the advisory board. Bangladesh Nationalist Party maintained it when they came to power despite promising to remove it in their election manifesto. Sheikh Hasina called for its removal but after bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
