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Count Uvarov
Count Sergey Semionovich Uvarov (; – ) was a Russian classical scholar and politician who is best remembered as an influential statesman under Nicholas I of Russia. Biography Uvarov, connected through marriage with the Razumovsky family, published a number of works on Ancient Greek literature and archaeology, which brought him European renown. A confirmed conservative, he was on friendly terms with Alexander Humboldt, Madame de Stael, Goethe, Prince de Ligne, Nikolay Karamzin, and Vasily Zhukovsky. Uvarov studied in Göttingen, and from 1811 to 1822, he curated the Saint Petersburg educational district. In 1832, Uvarov was appointed Deputy Minister of National Education, succeeding his father-in-law Count Alexey Razumovsky. He was elected an Honorable Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1811 and was the president of that venerable institution from 1818 until his death. In the wake of the Decembrist revolt of 1825, the Emperor moved to protect the status quo by cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Uvarov
The Uvarov family is an old Russian nobility, Russian noble family of Count, counts and nobility of the Russian Empire. Origins of the family The family descends from Mirza (name), Mirza Minchak Kasayevich, baptised Simeon, who left the Great Horde for Vasily I of Moscow, Grand Duke Vasily Dmitrievich. He had children named Davyd, Zloba, Orkan, later renamed Orinka, and Uvar. They were the forefathers of the :ru:Давыдовы, Davydov-Minchaks, the :ru:Злобины (дворянство), Zlobins, the Orinkins, and the Uvarovs. Descendants of Uvar Simeonovich, the founder of the Uvarovs, were initially settled in Pskov Oblast, Pskov, from where in the middle of the 16th century they were transferred to estates in Belyovsky District, Belev. Fedot Alfimovich Uvarov was a voivode in Aleksin under Alexis of Russia, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Alexander Artamonovich (1846), aide-de-camp of Catherine the Great, Empress Catherine II and associate of Alexander Suvorov, Suvorov, dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Jan Ksawery Kaniewski
Jan Ksawery Kaniewski, also known in Italian as Francesco Saverio Kaniewski (1805 – 13 April 1867) was a Polish painter trained in St. Petersburg who spent several years in Rome. He was particularly known for his portraits and his depictions of historical and Biblical scenes. Life and career Kaniewski was born in Krasiłów, Krasyliv in Podolia, Ukraine. He was educated in the Liceum Krzemienieckie in Krzemieniec, where he received his first lessons in drawing and painting from Józef Pitschmann. Between 1827 and 1833 he studied in the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. After graduating with the title "free artist" (), he traveled to Rome thanks to a government grant, arriving in November 1833, via Dresden, Vienna, Bologna and Florence. In Rome he found fame, thanks to his portrait of Pope Gregory XVI, commissioned by Tsar Nicholas I, for which he was awarded the Order of the Golden Spur and was elected a member of the '' Accademia Virtuosi'' of the Pantheon. W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Ministry Of National Education (Russian Empire)
The Ministry of National Education (), also translated as Ministry of National Enlightenment, was a government ministry in the Russian Empire which oversaw science and education. It was in existence from 1802 to 1817 and from 1824 to 1917. From 1817 to 1824, it was part of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education. Ministers * List of national education ministers of Russia See also * Ministry of Education (Russia) * Ministry of Education (Soviet Union) {{DEFAULTSORT:Ministry Of National Education (Russian Empire) Russia Russia * Education Education is the transmission of knowledge and skills and the development of character traits. Formal education occurs within a structured institutional framework, such as public schools, following a curriculum. Non-formal education als ... 1802 establishments in the Russian Empire 1917 disestablishments in Russia Education in the Russian Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Yemelyan Pugachev
Yemelyan Ivanovich Pugachev (also spelled Pugachyov; ; ) was an ataman of the Yaik Cossacks and the leader of the Pugachev's Rebellion, a major popular uprising in the Russian Empire during the reign of Catherine the Great. The son of a Don Cossack landowner, Pugachev served in the Imperial Russian Army during the Seven Years' War and the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774. In 1770 he deserted the Russian military and spent years as a fugitive, gaining popularity among the peasants, Cossacks and Old Believers against a backdrop of intensified unrest. In 1773, he initiated open revolt against Catherine. Claiming to be Catherine's late husband Tsar Peter III, Pugachev proclaimed an end to serfdom and amassed a large army. His forces quickly overran much of the region between the Volga and the Urals, and in 1774 they captured Kazan and burned the city to the ground. In August 1774, General Johann von Michelsohnen inflicted a crushing defeat on the rebels at Tsaritsyn. Pugach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Gymnasium (school)
''Gymnasium'' (and Gymnasium (school)#By country, variations of the word) is a term in various European languages for a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university. It is comparable to the US English term ''University-preparatory school, preparatory high school'' or the British term ''grammar school''. Before the 20th century, the gymnasium system was a widespread feature of educational systems throughout many European countries. The word (), from Greek () 'naked' or 'nude', was first used in Ancient Greece, in the sense of a place for both physical and intellectual education of young men. The latter meaning of a place of intellectual education persisted in many European languages (including Albanian language, Albanian, Bulgarian language, Bulgarian, Czech language, Czech, Dutch language, Dutch, Estonian language, Estonian, Greek language, Greek, German language, German, Hungarian language, Hungarian, Macedonian language, Macedonian, Montene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Alexander Von Benckendorff
Konstantin Alexander Karl Wilhelm Christoph Graf von Benckendorff (, – ) was a Russian History of Russian military ranks, cavalry general and statesman of Baltic German descent. He was also the adjutant general of Alexander I of Russia, Alexander I and a commander of partisan (''Kossak irregular'') units during the French invasion of Russia. He is most frequently remembered for his later role, under Nicholas I of Russia, Nicholas I, as the founding head of the Special Corps of Gendarmes, Gendarmes and the Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery, secret police in Russia. Family and career Alexander von Benckendorff was born into the of the Baltic German nobility in Reval (present-day Tallinn, Estonia), son of General Baron (12 January 1749, Friedrichsham – 10 June 1823, Kolga), who served as the military governor of Governorate of Livonia, Livonia, and of his wife Baroness Anna Juliane Charlotte Schilling von Canstatt (31 July 1744, Thalheim, Saxony, Thalh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Third Section Of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery
The Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery (, or ''III otdeleniye sobstvennoy E.I.V. kantselyarii'' - in full: Третье отделение Собственной Его Императорского Величества канцелярии ''Tretye otdeleniye Sobstvennoy Yego Yimperatorskogo Velichestva kantselyarii'', sometimes translated as Third Department) was a secret-police department set up in Imperial Russia. As a successor-organisation to the Tayny Prikaz of 1654 to 1676, to the of 1686 to 1801 and to the Specialty Chancellery, it effectively served as the Imperial régime's secret police for much of its existence. The organization was relatively small. When founded in July 1826 by Emperor Nicholas I it included only sixteen investigators. Their number increased to forty in 1855. The Third Section disbanded in 1880, replaced by the Police Department and by the Okhrana. Creation and purpose The Decembrist Revolt of December 14, 1825 shook Empe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Rationalism
In philosophy, rationalism is the Epistemology, epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "the position that reason has precedence over other ways of acquiring knowledge", often in contrast to other possible sources of knowledge such as religious faith, faith, tradition, or sensory experience. More formally, rationalism is defined as a methodology or a theory "in which the criterion of truth is not sensory but intellectual and Deductive reasoning, deductive".Bourke, Vernon J., "Rationalism", p. 263 in Runes (1962). In a major philosophical debate during the Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment,John Locke (1690), An Essay Concerning Human Understanding rationalism (sometimes here equated with innatism) was opposed to empiricism. On the one hand, rationalists like René Descartes emphasized that knowledge is primarily innate and the intellect, the inner Faculty (other)#Biology, faculty of the human mind, can therefore direc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Individualism
Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, and social outlook that emphasizes the intrinsic worth of the individual. Individualists promote realizing one's goals and desires, valuing independence and self-reliance, and advocating that the interests of the individual should gain precedence over the state or a social group, while opposing external interference upon one's own interests by society or institutions such as the government. Individualism makes the individual its focus, and so starts "with the fundamental premise that the human individual is of primary importance in the struggle for liberation". L. Susan Brown. '' The Politics of Individualism: Liberalism, Liberal Feminism, and Anarchism''. Black Rose Books Ltd. 1993 Individualism represents one kind of sociocultural perspective and is often defined in contrast to other perspectives, such as communitarianism, collectivism and corporatism. Individualism is also associated with artistic and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Freedom Of Thought
Freedom of thought is the freedom of an individual to hold or consider a fact, viewpoint, or thought, independent of others' viewpoints. Overview Every person attempts to have a cognitive proficiency by developing knowledge, concepts, theories and assessing them in the given environment. This cognitive proficiency gives a sense of contentment and replaces the feeling of helplessness. Apart from bringing ease to the ego of a person, new knowledge and ideas also bring a hope for the future. Freedom of thought is the precursor and progenitor of—and thus is closely linked to—other liberties, including freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of expression. Though freedom of thought is axiomatic for many other freedoms, they are in no way required for it to operate and exist. The conception of a freedom or a right does not guarantee its inclusion, legality, or protection via a philosophical caveat. It is a very important concept in the Western world and nearly all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Orthodoxy
Orthodoxy () is adherence to a purported "correct" or otherwise mainstream- or classically-accepted creed, especially in religion. Orthodoxy within Christianity refers to acceptance of the doctrines defined by various creeds and ecumenical councils in Late antiquity, antiquity, but different Churches accept different creeds and councils. Such differences of opinion have developed for numerous reasons, including language and cultural barriers. In the Christian world, Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy are sometimes referred to simply as ''"the Orthodox"'' or ''"Orthodoxy"''. In some English-speaking countries, Jews who adhere to all the contemporarily-applicable 613 commandments, commandments legislated in the Torah, Written and Oral Torah are often called Orthodox Judaism, Orthodox Jews. As this can include many Jews that may not necessarily identify with the term ''"Orthodox"'', such as many Conservative Judaism, Masorti Jews, Jewish religious movements, Jewish communi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Orthodoxy, Autocracy, And Nationality
Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality (; Transliteration, transliterated: Pravoslávie, samoderzhávie, naródnost'), also known as Official Nationalism,Riasanovsky, p. 132 was the dominant Imperial ideological doctrine of Russian Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, Nicholas I. The doctrine sought Imperial unity under Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox Christianity and the absolute authority of the Emperor, while suppressing ideas deemed destructive to that unity. It followed a broader European reactionary trend that sought to restore and defend political institutions that were overthrown in the Napoleonic Wars.Riasanovsky, p.133 "The Triad" of Official Nationality was originally proposed by Minister of Education Sergey Uvarov in his 2 April 1833, circular letter to subordinate educators.Hosking, p. 146 It was soon embraced by Nicholas and his establishment and gained wide public recognition, vocally supported by intellectuals like Mikhail Pogodin,Riasanovsky, pp. 138–39 Fyodor Tyutch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |