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Council Of Islamic Revolution
The Council of the Islamic Revolution () was a group formed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to manage the Iranian Revolution on 10 January 1979, shortly before he returned to Iran. "Over the next few months there issued from the council hundreds of rulings and laws, dealing with everything from bank nationalization to nurses' salaries."Bakhash, Shaul, ''Reign of the Ayatollahs'', Basic Books, 1984, p.65 Its existence was kept a secret during the early, less secure time of the revolution, and its members and the exact nature of what the council did remained undisclosed to the public until early 1980. Some of the council's members like Motahhari, Taleqani, Bahonar, Beheshti, Qarani died during Iran–Iraq War or were assassinated by the MKO during the consolidation of the Iranian Revolution. Most of those who remained were put aside by the regime. Momen, Moojan, ''An Introduction to Shi'i Islam'', Yale University Press, 1985, p. 290 Overview The Council was composed of seven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durham University
Durham University (legally the University of Durham) is a collegiate university, collegiate public university, public research university in Durham, England, founded by an Act of Parliament (UK), Act of Parliament in 1832 and incorporated by royal charter in 1837. It was the first recognised university to open in England for more than 600 years, after University of Oxford, Oxford and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, and is thus the third-oldest university in England debate, third-oldest university in England. As a collegiate university, its main functions are divided between the academic departments of the university and its Colleges of Durham University, 17 colleges. In general, the departments perform research and provide teaching to students, while the colleges are responsible for their domestic arrangements and welfare. The university is a member of the Russell Group of British research universities and is also affiliated with the regional N8 Research Partnership and int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Asqr Masoodi
Ali ibn Abi Talib (; ) was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from until his assassination in 661, as well as the first Shia Imam. He was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Born to Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Fatima bint Asad, Ali was raised by his elder cousin Muhammad and was among the first to accept his teachings. Ali played a pivotal role in the early years of Islam when Muslims were severely persecuted in Mecca. After immigration () to Medina in 622, Muhammad gave his daughter Fatima to Ali in marriage and swore a pact of brotherhood with him. Ali served as Muhammad's secretary and deputy in this period, and was the flag bearer of his army. Numerous sayings of Muhammad praise Ali, the most controversial of which was uttered in 632 at the Ghadir Khumm, "Whoever I am his , this Ali is his ." The interpretation of the polysemous Arabic word is disputed: For Shia Muslims, Muhammad thus invested Ali with his religious and political author ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Seyed Javadi
Ahmad Sayyed Javadi (; 24 June 1917 – 31 March 2013) was an Iranian lawyer, political activist and politician, who served as interior minister and justice minister. He was the first interior minister after the 1979 revolution in Iran. Early life and education Javadi was born into a devoutly religious family in Qazvin on 24 June 1917. The members of his family were Shiite clergy and merchants. He received a law degree and a PhD in political science. Javadi was the eldest of three brothers. One of his brothers, Ali, was a journalist who worked for ''Kayhan'' newspaper. Another, Hassan, was also a journalist who served as the editor-in-chief of the daily newspaper ''Ettelaat''. He was the cousin of Ziaeddin Haj Sayyed Javadi, who was a member of the Majlis during the premiership of Mohammad Mosaddegh. Career and political activities Javadi, along with Mehdi Bazargan, Yadollah Sahabi and Ayatollah Mahmoud Taleghani, founded the Liberation Movement (LMI; Nehzat-e-Azad-e-Iran) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yadollah Sahabi
Yadollah Sahabi (Persian: یدالله سحابی) (25 February 1905 – 12 April 2002) was a prominent Iranian scholar, writer, reformist and politician. A close associate of Mohammad Mosaddegh and Mehdi Bazargan, Sahabi was an active campaigner for the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry in the 1950s. He was the father of Ezzatollah Sahabi and Fereydun Sahabi. Sahabi studied at Université Lille Nord de France and majored in Geology. He got his Ph.D. degree in 1936 and was immediately hired by Tehran University, faculty of science. Sahabi was one of the founders of the Freedom Movement of Iran. He was an advocate of pluralism nationalization He was a full professor at Tehran University and well-credited writer. Sahabi is considered by many Iranians a national hero and an Iranian treasure. He died at the age of 97 in Jam Hospital in Tehran Tehran (; , ''Tehrân'') is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is the capital of Tehran province, and the administrati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taleqani
Sayyid Mahmoud Alaei Taleghani (, , also romanized as Mahmūd Tāleqānī; 5 March 1911 – 9 September 1979) was an Iranian theologian, Muslim reformer, democracy advocate, a senior Shia Islamic scholar and thinker of Iran, and a leader in his own right of the movement against Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. A founding member of the Freedom Movement of Iran, he has been described as a representative of the tendency of many "Shia clerics to blend Shia with Marxist ideals in order to compete with leftist movements for youthful supporters" during the 1960s and 1970s. His "greatest influence" has been said to have been in "his teaching of Quranic exegesis," as many later revolutionaries were his students.Bakhash, Shaul, ''Reign of the Ayatollahs'' (1984), p. 168 He was Tehran's first Friday Prayer Imam after the Iranian Revolution. Biography and education Taleghani was born to a religious family in the village of Galird of Taleqan County in Alborz Province on 5 March 1911. His father ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musavi Ardabili
Sayyid Abdolkarim Mousavi Ardebili (, 28 January 1926 – 23 November 2016) was an Iranian reformist politician and Twelver shi'a marja. Political career Ardebili was a supporter of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and was a friend of his. He made speeches in support of Khomeini in the 1970s. After the Iranian Revolution, he became a founding member of the Islamic Republican Party that was founded in 1979. Khomeini appointed him as chief of justice in 1981 after the impeachment of President Abulhassan Banisadr. As chief justice, he served as a member of the temporary council of the Presidency, along with the Prime Minister and Speaker, carrying out the duties of the president for up to two months. References External linksIs the Ayatullah a Heretic? ''Time Time is the continuous progression of existence that occurs in an apparently irreversible process, irreversible succession from the past, through the present, and into the future. It is a component quantity of various mea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mir-Hossein Mousavi
Mir-Hossein Mousavi Khameneh (, ; born 2 March 1942) is an Iranian politician, artist, architect and opposition figure who served as the 45th and last Prime Minister of Iran from 1981 to 1989. He was a reformist candidate for the 2009 Iranian presidential election, 2009 presidential election and eventually the leader of the opposition in the 2009–2010 Iranian election protests, post-election unrest. Mousavi served as the president of the Iranian Academy of the Arts, Iranian Academy of Arts until 2009, when conservative authorities removed him. Although Mousavi had always considered himself a reformist and believed in promoting change within the Constitution of Iran, 1979 constitution, on 3 February 2023, in the Mahsa Amini protests, violent suppression of Iranians by Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran, he announced his opposition to the Islamic Republic and asked for a widespread referendum to fully change the constitution and make a fundamental change in Iran's political ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rafsanjani
Akbar Hashemi Bahramani Rafsanjani (25 August 19348 January 2017) was an Iranian cleric, politician and writer who served as the fourth president of Iran from 1989 to 1997. One of the founding fathers of the Islamic Republic, Rafsanjani was the head of the Assembly of Experts from 2007 until 2011 when he decided not to nominate himself for the post. He was also the chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council. During his 40-year tenure, Rafsanjani amassed a large amount of power serving as the speaker of parliament, Commander-in-Chief during the Iran–Iraq War, president, and chose Ali Khamenei as the supreme leader of iran. Rafsanjani became president of Iran after winning the 1989 election. He served another term by winning the election in 1993. In the 2005 election he ran for a third term in office, placing first in the first round of elections but ultimately losing to rival Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in the run-off. He and his family faced political isolation for their support ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motahhari
Morteza Motahhari (; 31 January 1919 – 1 May 1979) was an Iranian Twelver Shia scholar, philosopher, lecturer. Motahhari is considered to have an important influence on the ideologies of the Islamic Republic, among others. He was a co-founder of Hosseiniye Ershad and the Combatant Clergy Association (''Jāme'e-ye Rowhāniyat-e Mobārez''). He was a disciple of Ruhollah Khomeini during the Shah's reign and formed the Council of the Islamic Revolution at Khomeini's request. He was chairman of the council at the time of his assassination. Biography Early life Motahhari was born in Fariman. The year of birth is uncertain; with some sources giving 1919 and others giving it as 1920. He attended the Hawza of Qom from 1944 to 1952 and then left for Tehran. His grandfather was an eminent religious scholar in Sistan province and since he traveled with his family to Khorasan Province, there is little information about his origin as Sistanian. His father Shaykh Mohammad Hosseini was al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Akbar Hashemi Bahramani Rafsanjani (25 August 19348 January 2017) was an Iranian cleric, politician and writer who served as the fourth president of Iran from 1989 to 1997. One of the founding fathers of the Government of Iran, Islamic Republic, Rafsanjani was the head of the Assembly of Experts from 2007 until 2011 when he decided not to nominate himself for the post. He was also the chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council. During his 40-year tenure, Rafsanjani amassed a large amount of power serving as the speaker of parliament, Commander-in-Chief during the Iran–Iraq War, President of Iran, president, and chose Ali Khamenei as the Supreme Leader of Iran, supreme leader of iran. Rafsanjani became president of Iran after winning the 1989 Iranian presidential election, 1989 election. He served another term by winning the election in 1993 Iranian presidential election, 1993. In the 2005 Iranian presidential election, 2005 election he ran for a third term in office, placi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
