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Council Of Representatives Of Bahrain
The Council of Representatives (''Majlis an-nuwab''), sometimes translated as the "Chamber of Deputies", is the name given to the lower house of the Bahraini National Assembly, the national legislative body of Bahrain. The council was created by the 2002 Constitution of Bahrain and consists of forty members elected by universal suffrage. Members are elected for four-year terms from single-member constituencies using a two-round system, with a second round being held of the top two candidates if no candidate receives 50% of the vote in the first round.Electoral system IPU Candidates must be Bahraini citizens and at least 30 years old. The forty seats of the Council of Representatives together with the forty royally-appointed seats of the Consultative Council of Bahrain, Consultative Council form the Bahraini Nation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahraini General Election, 2022
General elections were held in Bahrain on 12 November 2022 to elect the 40 members of the Council of Representatives (Bahrain), Council of Representatives, with a second round in some constituencies on 19 November. The elections were condemned domestically and internationally as a sham. Rights groups condemned the atmosphere of "political repression". The Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy, based in London, called it a "sham", and Amnesty International stated that the elections were "held in an environment of political repression following a decade in which the authorities have infringed upon human rights, curtailed civil society, banned political opposition parties and shuttered independent media". They issued a report on the elections, "Bahrain: Elections, But No Civic Space" in which they stated that Bahrain's political system did not, in practice, allow citizens to peacefully and legally seek constitutional change. Domestically, there were advance calls for a boycott ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shia
Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib () as both his political successor (caliph) and as the spiritual leader of the Muslim community (imam). However, his right is understood to have been usurped by a number of Muhammad's companions at the meeting of Saqifa where they appointed Abu Bakr () as caliph instead. As such, Sunni Muslims believe Abu Bakr, Umar (), Uthman () and Ali to be ' rightly-guided caliphs' whereas Shia Muslims only regard Ali as the legitimate successor. Shia Muslims assert imamate continued through Ali's sons Hasan and Husayn, after whom different Shia branches have their own imams. They revere the , the family of Muhammad, maintaining that they possess divine knowledge. Shia holy sites include the shrine of Ali in Najaf, the shrine of Husayn in Karbala and other mausoleums of the . Later events such as Husayn's martyrdom in the Battle of Karbala (680 CE) further influenced the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2010 Bahraini General Election
General elections were held in Bahrain in October 2010 to elect the forty members of the Council of Representatives (Bahrain), Council of Representatives. The first round of voting was held on 23 October, with a second round on 30 October. Amidst boycotts and arrests, Al Wefaq won 18 of the 40 seats. Four women were elected. Campaign The main opposition party Haq Movement and several other opposition parties such as the Al-Wafa Islamic Movement, Bahrain Freedom Movement, Khalas Movement and Islamic Action Society called for a boycott of the elections, on the grounds that participation would be "tantamount to accepting the unjust sectarian apartheid system." There were also further arrests and repressions of the Shia majority. Shia political activists and international human rights watchdogs warned of a "drift back to full-blown authoritarianism." However, Foreign Minister Sheikh Khaled bin Ahmad al-Khalifa claimed the arrests were "not linked to elections." Amnesty International, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Menbar Islamic Society
The Al-Menber National Islamic Society (, ) is the political wing of the Sunni Islamist Al Eslah Society in Bahrain and Bahrain's branch of the Muslim Brotherhood. The president and patron of the Al Eslah Society is Shaikh Isa bin Mohammed Al Khalifa, a member of the Al Khalifa royal family and former labor minister of Bahrain. Prominent members of Al-Menber include Salah Abdulrahman, Salah Al Jowder, and outspoken MP Mohammed Khalid. The party has generally backed government-sponsored legislation on economic issues, but has sought a clampdown on pop concerts, sorcery and soothsayers. Additionally, it has strongly opposed the government's accession to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. A Sunni Islamic party, it is well organised through a network of mosques and seeks to promote a conservative social agenda while not directly challenging the Kingdom's government. It became a political society in 2006. Previously, it was merely a think tank and public aff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muslim Brotherhood
The Society of the Muslim Brothers ('' ''), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood ( ', is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar, Imam and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928. Al-Banna's teachings spread far beyond Egypt, influencing various Islamist movements from charitable organizations to political parties. Initially, as a Pan-Islamic, religious, and social movement, it preached Islam in Egypt, taught the illiterate, and set up hospitals and business enterprises. It later advanced into the political arena, aiming to end British colonial control of Egypt. The movement's self-stated aim is the establishment of a state ruled by sharia law under a caliphate–its most famous slogan is "Islam is the solution". Charity is a major aspect of its work. The group spread to other Muslim countries but still has one of its largest organizations in Egypt, despite a succession of government crackdowns since 1948. It remained a fringe group i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asalah
The Al-Asalah Islamic Society () is the main Sunni Salafist political party in Bahrain. The party is the political wing of the Islamic Education Society (''Al-Tarbiya Al-Islamiya'') which funds the party. Asalah's leader is Ghanim Al Buaneen, who took over in 2005 from Adel Mouwda, who was sacked because he was perceived to be too close to Shia Islamists in the Al-Wefaq party. Asalah is most popular in the conservative bastions of Muharraq and Riffa. Asala often aligns with Al-Menbar to outvote Al-Wefaq. Ideology Asalah seeks to promote a hardline interpretation of Islam which rejects much of Bahrain's modernism as well as encouraging religious observance. It has led opposition to US military action in Iraq and was at the forefront of demonstrations against military action in Falluja. On the issue of women's political rights, Buaneen told the Bahrain Tribune on 18 January 2006 that the party disagrees with them having any. Buaneen said that this position reflects the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salafist
The Salafi movement or Salafism () is a fundamentalist revival movement within Sunni Islam, originating in the late 19th century and influential in the Islamic world to this day. The name "''Salafiyya''" is a self-designation, claiming a return to the traditions of the "pious predecessors" (), the first three generations of Muslims (the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the is companions then the , and the third generation, the ), who are believed to exemplify the pure form of Islam. In practice, Salafis claim that they rely on the Qur'an, the and the (consensus) of the , giving these writings precedence over what they claim as "later religious interpretations".Bin Ali Mohamed ''Roots Of Religious Extremism, The: Understanding The Salafi Doctrine Of Al-wala' Wal Bara'' World Scientific, 2015 p. 61 The Salafi movement aimed to achieve a renewal of Muslim life, and had a major influence on many Muslim thinkers and movements across the Islamic world. Salafi Muslims oppose ' (relig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2006 Bahraini General Election
General elections were held in Bahrain in November and December 2006 to elect the forty members of the Council of Representatives (Bahrain), Council of Representatives. The first round of voting was held on 25 November, with a second round on 2 December 2006. Voter turnout was 72% in the first round, in which Shi'a and Sunni Islamists dominated, winning a clean sweep of the 29 seats that were decided in the first round, while Economists Bloc, liberal and Democratic Progressive Tribune - Bahrain, ex-communist MPs lost all their seats. Four candidates of the left-wing National Democratic Action (also known as Wa'ad) made it through to second round run-off, which decided the remaining 11 seats. The elections were preceded by a major political realignment that saw the four opposition parties that boycotted the 2002 Bahraini general election, 2002 elections agree to take part in the political process. These included the Shia Islamist party, Al Wefaq, the radical Shia Islamist Islamic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al Meethaq
Al-Meethaq (; ) is a Liberalism, liberal political party in Bahrain. It was founded by Sunni and Shi'a businessmen from well-known families in 2002. It won no seats in the Bahraini parliamentary election, 2002, 2002 or Bahraini parliamentary election, 2006, 2006 general elections. Sixteen of its members were appointed by the King of Bahrain in 2002 to the wholly appointed Consultative Council of Bahrain which co-legislates with the elected Council of Representatives of Bahrain. With other liberal groups, al-Meethaq has established the Al-Muntada activist group which campaigns for personal freedoms. , ''Gulf News'', 20 November 2005 The party's leader is Ahmad Juma, who is culture editor of the newspaper ''Al Ayam (Bahrain), Al Ayam''. Bahraini ...
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Al Asalah
The Al-Asalah Islamic Society () is the main Sunni Salafist political party in Bahrain. The party is the political wing of the Islamic Education Society (''Al-Tarbiya Al-Islamiya'') which funds the party. Asalah's leader is Ghanim Al Buaneen, who took over in 2005 from Adel Mouwda, who was sacked because he was perceived to be too close to Shia Islamists in the Al-Wefaq party. Asalah is most popular in the conservative bastions of Muharraq and Riffa. Asala often aligns with Al-Menbar to outvote Al-Wefaq. Ideology Asalah seeks to promote a hardline interpretation of Islam which rejects much of Bahrain's modernism as well as encouraging religious observance. It has led opposition to US military action in Iraq and was at the forefront of demonstrations against military action in Falluja. On the issue of women's political rights, Buaneen told the Bahrain Tribune on 18 January 2006 that the party disagrees with them having any. Buaneen said that this position reflects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consultative Council (Bahrain)
The Consultative Council (''Majlis al-shura''), also known as the Shura Council, is the upper house of the National Assembly, the main legislative body of Bahrain. The Council comprises forty members appointed directly by the King of Bahrain. The forty seats of the Consultative Council combined with the forty elected seats of the Council of Representatives form the National Assembly of Bahrain. All laws (except for "Royal decrees") have to be passed by both chambers of the Assembly. This allows technical expertise and minority communities a role within the legislative process: in Bahrain, a Bahraini Christian woman, Alees Samaan and a Bahraini Jewish man have been appointed. After there was widespread disappointment that no women were elected to the lower house in 2002's general election, four women were appointed to the Consultative Council. Alees Samann made history in the Arab world on 18 April 2004 when she became the first woman to chair a session of parliament in the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Action Society
The Islamic Action Society ( ''Jamʿīyah al-ʿAmal al-ʾIslāmī''), sometimes shortened to ʿAmal (), was one of the main Islamist political parties in Bahrain, and mainly appealed to Shīʻa followers of the Islamic philosopher Mohammad Hussaini Shirazi, who are known as "the Shirāzī faction". The party boycotted 2002's general election along with several other opposition groups, but did take part in 2006's parliamentary election, in which it won no seats. The party is the direct descendant of the militant organisation, the Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain, whose members were pardoned after wide ranging political reforms instigated by King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa in 2001. With the reforms, they returned from exile or were released from prison and formed the Islamic Action Society. As with the Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain, the party's spiritual leader was Iraqi cleric Hādī al-Mudarrisī, who was given asylum in Bahrain in the 1970s and acqui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
