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Coptis
''Coptis'' (goldthread or canker root) is a genus of between 10–15 species of flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to Asia and North America. Species ;Selected species *'' Coptis aspleniifolia'' - fernleaf goldthread, spleenwort-leaf goldthread *''Coptis chinensis'' - Chinese goldthread, ''Huang lian'' in Chinese () *'' Coptis deltoidea'' *''Coptis trifolia'' (syn. Coptis groenlandica) *''Coptis japonica'' - Japanese goldthread, ''Riben huang lian'' in Chinese () *'' Coptis laciniata'' - Oregon goldthread: California, Oregon, Washington State *'' Coptis occidentalis'' - Idaho goldthread: Idaho, Montana, Washington *'' Coptis omeiensis'' *'' Coptis quinquefolia'' *'' Coptis quinquesecta'' *'' Coptis teeta'' - Yunnan goldthread, ''Yunnan huang lian'' in Chinese () *''Coptis trifolia'' - threeleaf goldthread, savoyane, canker-root (Eastern Eurasia, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Canada, USA) Uses '' Coptis teeta'' is used as a medicinal herb in China and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coptis Trifolia
''Coptis trifolia'', commonly known as the threeleaf goldthread or savoyane, is a perennial plant in the genus '' Coptis'', a member of the family Ranunculaceae. Distribution It is native to North America and Asia across the subarctic region. Its range is divided into three broad groups. The first is from southern Greenland and Labrador that extends to Manitoba to the west and to the mountains of North Carolina to the south. The second is in Alaska and adjacent areas of British Columbia, extending towards eastern Siberia and into Japan and Manchuria. It is also found in Norway and central Russia. The disrupted and wide range of the species suggests that the three populations have been isolated from each other for significant periods of time. Goldthread seems to prefer coniferous or mixed canopies dominated by Eastern hemlock, but it has also been found in deciduous canopies in moist, acidic soils. Description Goldthread has at least one small, deeply three-lobed, evergr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coptis Quinquesecta
''Coptis quinquesecta'' is a species of goldthread native to Jinping County, Yunnan, China and locally in northern Vietnam. China has it as a national key thread species in order to conserve it. It has 79 protein coding genes, 30 RNA transferring genes, as well as four ribosomal RNA genes adding up to a total of 113 genes. ''Coptis quinquesecta'' is used as a medicinal herb - it contains berberine and coptisine Coptisine is an alkaloid found in Chinese goldthread ('' Coptis chinensis''), greater celandine, and opium. Famous for the bitter taste that it produces, it is used in Chinese herbal medicine along with the related compound berberine Berberin ..., which are used to treat bacterial infections, the effects of diabetes, and high blood pressure. References quinquesecta {{Ranunculales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Herbology
Chinese herbology () is the theory of traditional Chinese herbal therapy, which accounts for the majority of treatments in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). A ''Nature (journal), Nature'' editorial described TCM as "fraught with pseudoscience", and said that the most obvious reason why it has not delivered many cures is that the majority of its treatments have no logical mechanism of action. The term herbology is misleading in the sense that, while plant elements are by far the most commonly used substances, animal, human, and mineral products are also utilized, among which some are poisonous. In the ''Huangdi Neijing'' they are referred to as () which means toxin, poison, or medicine. Paul U. Unschuld points out that this is similar etymology to the Greek ''Pharmakon (philosophy), pharmakon'' and so he uses the term "pharmaceutic". Thus, the term "medicinal" (instead of herb) is usually preferred as a translation for (). Research into the effectiveness of traditional Chine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coptis Chinensis
''Coptis chinensis'', the Chinese goldthread, is a species of goldthread flowering plant native to China. Etymology *''Coptis chinensis'' Franch. var. ''chinensis''''Coptis chinensis'' in BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database **(syn. ''Coptis teeta'' Wallich var. ''chinensis'') Chemical constituents The of ''Coptis chinensis'' contain the |
Coptis Occidentalis
''Coptis occidentalis'', the Idaho goldthread, is plant native to western North America. It is a member of the buttercup family Ranunculaceae (buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide. The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 species), ''Delphinium' .... This plant has also been known under the binomial ''Chrysocoptis occidentalis'' and the common name western goldthread. The Idaho goldthread is a spring flowering plant, usually found in moist coniferous forests. References External links Pictures & information Coptis, occidentalis Flora of Idaho Flora without expected TNC conservation status {{Ranunculales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of basic BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages designed for ease of use. The original version was created by John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz at Dartmouth College ..., natural product, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and, more rarely, other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus.Chemical Encyclopedia: alkaloids xumuk.ru Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms includi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dyspepsia
Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia or upset stomach, is a condition of impaired digestion. Symptoms may include upper abdominal fullness, heartburn, nausea, belching, or upper abdominal pain. People may also experience feeling full earlier than expected when eating. Indigestion is relatively common, affecting 20% of people at some point during their life, and is frequently caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastritis. Indigestion is subcategorized as "organic" or "functional", but making the diagnosis can prove challenging for physicians. Organic indigestion is the result of an underlying disease, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (an ulcer of the stomach or duodenum), or cancer. Functional indigestion (previously called nonulcer dyspepsia) is indigestion without evidence of underlying disease. Functional indigestion is estimated to affect about 15% of the general population in western countries and accounts for a majority of dyspepsia cases. In eld ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insomnia
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder in which people have trouble sleeping. They may have difficulty falling asleep, or staying asleep as long as desired. Insomnia is typically followed by daytime sleepiness, low energy, irritability, and a depressed mood. It may result in an increased risk of motor vehicle collisions, as well as problems focusing and learning. Insomnia can be short term, lasting for days or weeks, or long term, lasting more than a month. The concept of the word insomnia has two possibilities: insomnia disorder and insomnia symptoms, and many abstracts of randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews often underreport on which of these two possibilities the word insomnia refers to. Insomnia can occur independently or as a result of another problem. Conditions that can result in insomnia include psychological stress, chronic pain, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, heartburn, restless leg syndrome, menopause, certain medicati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Anthony Salisbury
Richard Anthony Salisbury, FRS (born Richard Anthony Markham; 2 May 1761 – 23 March 1829) was a British botanist. While he carried out valuable work in horticultural and botanical sciences, several bitter disputes caused him to be ostracised by his contemporaries. Life Richard Anthony Markham was born in Leeds, England, as the only son of Richard Markham, a cloth merchant and Elizabeth Laycock. His family included two sisters, including his older sister Mary (b. 1755). One of his sisters became a nun. His mother, was the great grand-daughter of Jonathan Laycock of Shaw Hill. Laycock in turn married Mary Lyte (b. 1537), brother of Henry Lyte, the botanist and translator of the herbal of Dodoens. Of this, he wrote "so I inherit a taste for botany from very ancient blood". He studied at a school near Halifax and by the age of eight had established a passion for plants. He attended medical school at the University of Edinburgh in 1780, where he would have at leas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berberine
Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt from the protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids found in such plants as '' Berberis vulgaris'' (barberry), '' Berberis aristata'' (tree turmeric), ''Mahonia aquifolium'' (Oregon grape), '' Hydrastis canadensis'' (goldenseal), '' Xanthorhiza simplicissima'' (yellowroot), ''Phellodendron amurense'' (Amur cork tree), '' Coptis chinensis'' (Chinese goldthread), '' Tinospora cordifolia'', ''Argemone mexicana'' (prickly poppy), and '' Eschscholzia californica'' (Californian poppy). Berberine is usually found in the roots, rhizomes, stems, and bark. Due to its yellow color, ''Berberis'' species were used to dye wool, leather, and wood. Under ultraviolet light, berberine shows a strong yellow fluorescence, making it useful in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a color index of 75160. Research and adverse effects The safety of using berberine for any condition is not adequately defined by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka.", "Modern human beings—''Homo sapiens''—originated in Africa. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Continued overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource, as it will be unable to replenish. The term applies to natural resources such as water aquifers, grazing pastures and forests, wild medicinal plants, fish stocks and other wildlife. In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at an unsustainable rate, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology, the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and define ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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