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Copilot PC
In aviation, the first officer (FO), also called co-pilot, is a pilot in addition to the captain, who is the legal commander. In the event of incapacitation of the captain, the first officer will assume command of the aircraft. Requirement Historically, large aircraft had several personnel on the flight deck, such as a navigator, a flight engineer, and a dedicated radio operator. Improvements in automation and reliability have reduced this to two. Many aircraft require a minimum of two flight crew. The minimum crew requirement will be stated in the aircraft manuals by the manufacturer. In the European Union, all turbo-propeller aeroplanes with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than nine and all turbo-jet aeroplanes require two pilots.EU OPS (965) Subpart N, Ops 1.940 Composition of flight crew Role Control of the aircraft is normally shared equally between the first officer and the captain, with one pilot normally designated the " pilot flying" and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flight Length
In aviation, the flight length or flight distance refers to the distance of a flight. Aircraft do not necessarily follow the great-circle distance, but may opt for a longer route due to weather, traffic, to utilise a jet stream, or to refuel. Commercial flights are often categorized into long-, medium- or short-haul by commercial airlines based on flight length, although there is no international standard definition. The related term flight time is defined by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) as "The total time from the moment an aeroplane first moves for the purpose of taking off until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight", and is referred to colloquially as "blocks to blocks" or " chocks to chocks" time. In commercial aviation, this means the time from pushing back at the departure gate to arriving at the destination gate. Flight time is measured in hours and minutes as it is independent of geographic distance travelled. Flight time can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Officer (aviation)
Third officer is a rarely used civil aviation rank. It was primarily used by Pan Am, particularly on its Clippers flying boats during the infancy of extended range airline routes. The third officer would serve as a relief pilot and aircrew member, and could move between pilot, co-pilot, radio officer, and flight engineer positions to provide a rest period for the primary crews. The position of third officer is rare in modern civil aviation. Modern airliners only require two pilots, the captain and the first officer. Where relief crew are required for long haul flights, additional captains and first officers will be carried. Junior first officers undergoing training are sometimes known as second officers. Notable third officers * Gene Roddenberry (Pan Am) See also * Pilot in command The pilot in command (PIC) of an aircraft is the person aboard an aircraft who is ultimately responsible for its operation and safety during flight. This would be the captain in a typica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chief Mate
A chief mate (C/M) or chief officer, usually also synonymous with the first mate or first officer, is a licensed mariner and head of the deck department of a merchant ship. The chief mate is customarily a watchstander and is in charge of the ship's cargo and deck crew. The actual title used will vary by ship's employment, by type of ship, by nationality, and by trade: for instance, ''chief mate'' is not usually used in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth, although ''chief officer'' and ''first mate'' are; on passenger ships, the first officer may be a separate position from that of the chief officer that is junior to the latter. The chief mate answers to the Sea captain, captain for the safety and security of the ship. Responsibilities include the crew's welfare and training in areas such as safety, firefighting, search and rescue. The mate on a fishing vessel may be called the second hand. Senior onboard operations manager The Chief Mate, who is the Second-in-command, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aircrew
Aircrew are personnel who operate an aircraft while in flight. The composition of a flight's crew depends on the type of aircraft, plus the flight's duration and purpose. Commercial aviation Flight deck positions In commercial aviation, the crew responsible for operating and controlling the aircraft are called ''flight crew''. Some flight crew position names are derived from nautical terms and indicate a rank or command structure similar to that on ocean-going vessels, allowing for quick executive decision making during normal operations or emergency situations. Historical flightdeck positions include: * Captain, the pilot Pilot-in-Command and highest-ranking member or members of a flight crew. * First officer (FO, also called a co-pilot), another pilot who is normally seated to the right of the captain. (On helicopters, an FO is normally seated to the left of the captain, who occupies the right-hand seat.)Smith, PatrickPatrick Smith's Ask The Pilot: When a Pilot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seniority
Seniority is the state of being older or placed in a higher position of status relative to another individual, group, or organization. For example, one employee may be senior to another either by role or rank (such as a CEO vice a manager), or by having more years served within the organization (such as one peer being accorded greater status over another due to amount of time in). The term "seniority" can apply to either concept or both concurrently. In armed forces In some military command structures, the length of time someone has held a particular rank is called "seniority in grade" and determines whether that person is senior to another person of the same rank. For instance, a captain who was promoted five years ago can give orders to a captain who was promoted three years ago. In politics Seniority in United States politics, when used out of context, is informally defined as the number of years one member of a group has been a part of the group. As of March 2022, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jump Seat
A jump seat (sometimes spelled jumpseat) is an auxiliary seat in an automobile, train or aircraft, typically folding or spring-loaded to collapse out of the way when not used. The term originated in the United States c. 1860 for a movable carriage seat. History Jump seats originated in horse-drawn carriages and were carried over to various forms of motorcar. A historic use still found today is in limousines, along with delivery vans (either as an auxiliary seat or an adaptation of the driver's seat to improve ease of entry and exit for their many deliveries) and various forms of extended cab pickup trucks (to permit a ready trade-off - and transition - between seating and storage space behind the front seat). In aviation Jump seats are found both in the utility areas of the passenger cabin for flight attendant use (required during takeoff and landing) and in the cockpit— officially termed ''auxiliary crew stations''— for individuals not involved in operating the a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safety Pilot
In aviation, a safety pilot is used during pilot training. Instrument training During training for instrument flight under visual meteorological conditions, a safety pilot is a pilot who helps maintain visual separation from other aircraft, clouds, and terrain while another pilot is wearing a view-limiting device for the purposes of simulating instrument conditions. Before a pilot is issued with an instrument rating, the instructor acts as safety pilot. However, after a pilot has been issued with an instrument rating, to maintain currency, he or she must complete at least six instrument approaches, practice holding procedures, and practice intercepting and tracking courses with the use of navigation systems every six months. One way to achieve this is under actual instrument conditions, however an alternative is to fly under visual conditions with a safety pilot. The safety pilot does not have to be a flight instructor, and does not have to be instrument rated. This makes usi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Officer (aviation)
Second officer is a civil aviation rank, also known as junior first officer. It is used for pilots at an early stage of their career. Role Modern airliners only require two pilots, the captain and the first officer. Before a pilot is fully qualified to operate as first officer, they will typically act as a second officer, sitting in the right hand seat, while undergoing training and supervision from a training captain. A safety pilot will sit in the jump seat to monitor the junior first officer and the captain. In some airlines, a second officer is not permitted to take off or land the aircraft, and will only fly the aircraft during the cruise. In such cases they are also known as "cruise pilots" or "cruise relief pilots". At Singapore Airlines and Scoot, second officers are usually promoted to first officer after 5-8 months. In Ryanair UK, pilots are promoted from second officer to junior first officer when they achieve 500 hours of flight time. Usage Airlines which use th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air France Flight 447
Air France Flight 447 was a scheduled international passenger flight from Rio de Janeiro/Galeão International Airport, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Charles de Gaulle Airport, Paris, France. On 1 June 2009, inconsistent airspeed indications and miscommunication led to the pilots inadvertently Stall (fluid dynamics), stalling the Airbus A330. They failed to recover the plane from the stall, and the plane crashed into the mid-Atlantic Ocean at 02:14 Coordinated Universal Time, UTC, killing all 228 passengers and crew on board. The Brazilian Navy recovered the first major wreckage and two bodies from the sea within five days of the accident, but the investigation by France's Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety (BEA) was initially hampered because the aircraft's flight recorders were not recovered from the ocean floor until May 2011, nearly two years after the accident. The BEA's final report, released at a press conference on 5 July 2012, concluded that the aircr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
In-flight Crew Relief
In-flight crew relief (commonly referred in noun form as the relief aircrew, relief flight crew, or just relief crew), is a term used in commercial aviation when referring to the members of an aircrew intended to temporarily relieve active crew members of their duties during the course of a flight. The term and its role are almost exclusively applied to the secondary pilots of an aircrew, commonly referred to as relief pilots, that relieve the primary and active captain and/or first officer (co-pilot) in command of an aircraft to provide prolonged breaks for rest or sleep opportunities. Usage In-flight crew relief is generally required for flights that are determined to be long haul or "ultra-long haul" on aircraft commercially operated (airline operated). In certain places such as the United States, flights will be given these classifications and equipped with relief crews when around or exceeding 8–12 hours domestically or internationally. Operators of these flights prototyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helicopter
A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which Lift (force), lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning Helicopter rotor, rotors. This allows the helicopter to VTOL, take off and land vertically, to hover (helicopter), hover, and to fly forward, backward and laterally. These attributes allow helicopters to be used in congested or isolated areas where fixed-wing aircraft and many forms of short take-off and landing (STOL) or short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft cannot perform without a runway. The Focke-Wulf Fw 61 was the first successful, practical, and fully controllable helicopter in 1936, while in 1942, the Sikorsky R-4 became the first helicopter to reach full-scale mass production, production. Starting in 1939 and through 1943, Igor Sikorsky worked on the development of the Vought-Sikorsky VS-300, VS-300, which over four iterations, became the basis for modern helicopters with a single main rotor and a single tail rotor. Although most earlier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
