|
Copenhagen School (international Relations)
The Copenhagen School of security studies is a school of academic thought with its origins in international relations theorist Barry Buzan's book '' People, States and Fear: The National Security Problem in International Relations'', first published in 1983. The School places particular emphasis on the non-military aspects of security, representing a shift away from traditional security studies. Theorists associated with the school include Buzan, Ole Wæver, and Jaap de Wilde. Many of the school's members worked at the Copenhagen Peace Research Institute, from which its name originates. The primary book of the Copenhagen School is '' Security: A New Framework for Analysis'', authored by Buzan, Wæver and De Wilde. Origins The approach is associated with constructivism. Sectors The concept of 'sectors' concerns the different arenas where we speak of security. The list of sectors is primarily an analytical tool created to spot different dynamics. In '' Security: A New Frame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Relations
International relations (IR, and also referred to as international studies, international politics, or international affairs) is an academic discipline. In a broader sense, the study of IR, in addition to multilateral relations, concerns all activities among states—such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy—as well as relations with and among other international actors, such as intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs). International relations is generally classified as a major multidiscipline of political science, along with comparative politics, political methodology, political theory, and public administration. It often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, history, law, philosophy, and sociology. There are several schools of thought within IR, of which the most prominent are realism, l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regional Security Complex Theory
Regional security complex theory (RSCT) is a theory of international relations developed by Barry Buzan and Ole Wæver and advanced in their 2003 work '' Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security''.Gupta, M. (2010) ''Indian Ocean Region: Maritime Regimes for Regional Cooperation'', London: Springer p 52 Buzan and Wæver are perhaps best known as the key figures behind the influential Copenhagen School of security studies, in which the main principle is examining security as a social construct (see also securitization and constructivism). RSCT posits that international security should be examined from a regional perspective, and that relations between states (and other actors) exhibit regular, geographically clustered patterns. Regional security complex is the term coined by Buzan and Wæver to describe such structures. Regional security complexes Regional security complexes (RSC) are defined as distinct and stable patterns of security interaction between actors. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Relations Theory
International relations theory is the study of international relations (IR) from a theoretical perspective. It seeks to explain behaviors and outcomes in international politics. The three most prominent School of thought, schools of thought are Realism (international relations), realism, Liberalism (international relations), liberalism and Constructivism (international relations), constructivism. Whereas realism and liberalism make broad and specific predictions about international relations, constructivism and rational choice are methodological approaches that focus on certain types of social explanation for phenomena. International relations, as a discipline, is believed to have emerged after World War I with the establishment of a Chair of International Relations, the Woodrow Wilson Chair held by Alfred Eckhard Zimmern at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. The modern study of international relations, as a theory, has sometimes been traced to realist works such as E. H. Carr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third World Security School
The Third World Security School is a name given to a school of thought in security studies that focuses on the security concerns of the so-called Third World The term Third World arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact. The United States, Canada, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, the Southern Cone, NATO, Western European countries and oth .... Roe cites Ayoob and Job as examples of academics whose scholarship belongs to this school. One of the first major statements of this school came from Caroline Thomas and her 1987 work '' In Search of Security''.Stuart Croft, Terry Terriff (2000), ''Critical reflections on security and change'', Oregon: Frank Cass Publishers, p. 81 References {{Security Studies Security studies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Critical Security Studies
Critical security studies (CSS) is an academic discipline within security studies which draws on critical theory to revise and, at times, reject the narrow focus of mainstream approaches to security. Similarly to the case of critical international relations theory, critical security studies encompasses a wide range of theories including but not limited to: feminist, neo-Gramscian, Marxist, post-structuralist, postcolonial, and queer theory. Additionally, critical security studies, draws from a number of related disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, and criminology to find alternative routes to approach questions of security. Definition Defining critical security studies can be difficult due to the wide range of theories involved, meaning that any single definition is likely to exclude works and scholars who would list themselves, or be listed by most scholars as part of the subfield. Due to this, most definitions of critical security studies focus on listing shared compon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris School (Security Studies)
International political sociology (IPS) is an interdisciplinary field and set of approaches at the crossroads of international relations theory and other disciplines such as sociology, geography and anthropology. It is structured around initiatives such as the journal ''International Political Sociology (journal), International Political Sociology'' and the network Doingips, as well as scholars such as Didier Bigo, Anastassia Tsoukala, Ayse Ceyhan or Elspeth Guild. Security studies The IPS approach to security studies is often also referred to as Paris School of security studies within the discipline, and is closely associated with the journal ''Cultures et Conflits''. According to Didier Bigo an IPS approach to security argues that both security and insecurity are the result of an (in)securitization process based on a speech act calling for a politics of exception and a general frame linked to the existence of transnational bureaucracies and private agents managing insecurity tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Welsh School (Security Studies)
The Welsh School (sometimes the Aberystwyth School) also known as emancipatory realism is a school within the discipline of security studies. It is a critical approach that aims to link security to critical theory and which relies upon insights from the Frankfurt School and Gramscian thinking for its framework. Key academics considered part of the Welsh School include Ken Booth and Richard Wyn Jones.Floyd, Rita (2007) ‘Towards a consequentialist evaluation of security: bringing the Copenhagen and Welsh Schools of security studies’, British International Studies Association, 33/1: 328 See also *Critical Security Studies *Copenhagen School (international relations) *Paris School (Security Studies) International political sociology (IPS) is an interdisciplinary field and set of approaches at the crossroads of international relations theory and other disciplines such as sociology, geography and anthropology. It is structured around initiatives ... References Security studies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lene Hansen
Lene Hansen is an international relations scholar who is a full professor at the University of Copenhagen. Hansen is most well known within academia for her critique of the absence of gender within the thinking of the Copenhagen School of security studies. Her article "The Little Mermaid's Silent Security Dilemma and the Absence of Gender in the Copenhagen School" is most commonly referenced for that argument. The Feminist scholar Christine Sylvester describes Hansen as the 'leading European feminist doing Critical Security Studies Critical security studies (CSS) is an academic discipline within security studies which draws on critical theory to revise and, at times, reject the narrow focus of mainstream approaches to security. Similarly to the case of critical internation ...'.Sylvester, C. (2007), 'Anatomy of a footnote', ''Security Dialogue'', 38: 555 References Copenhagen School (security studies) Danish feminists 21st-century Danish politicians Living people Y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurocentrism
Eurocentrism (also Eurocentricity or Western-centrism) refers to viewing Western world, the West as the center of world events or superior to other cultures. The exact scope of Eurocentrism varies from the entire Western world to just the continent of Europe or even more narrowly, to Western Europe#Cold War, Western Europe (especially during the Cold War). When the term is applied historically, it may be used in reference to the presentation of the European perspective on history as Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)#In history and historiography, objective or absolute, or to an Apologia#Modern analysis, apologetic stance toward European colonialism and other forms of imperialism. The term "Eurocentrism" dates back to the late 1970s but it did not become prevalent until the 1990s, when it was frequently applied in the context of decolonization and development aid, development and humanitarian aid that industrialised countries offered to developing countries. The term ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intersubjective
Intersubjectivity describes the shared understanding that emerges from interpersonal interactions. The term first appeared in social science in the 1970s and later incorporated into psychoanalytic theory by George E. Atwood and Robert Stolorow, the term has since been adopted across various fields. In phenomenology, philosophers such as Edmund Husserl and Edith Stein examined intersubjectivity in relation to empathy and experience, while in psychology it is used to analyze how individuals attribute mental states to others and coordinate behavior. Definition is a term coined by social scientists beginning around 1970 to refer to a variety of types of human interaction. The term was introduced to psychoanalysis by George E. Atwood and Robert Stolorow, who consider it a "meta-theory" of psychoanalysis. For example, social psychologists Alex Gillespie and Flora Cornish listed at least seven definitions of intersubjectivity (and other disciplines have additional definitions): * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speech Act
In the philosophy of language and linguistics, a speech act is something expressed by an individual that not only presents information but performs an action as well. For example, the phrase "I would like the mashed potatoes; could you please pass them to me?" is considered a speech act as it expresses the speaker's desire to acquire the mashed potatoes, as well as presenting a request that someone pass the potatoes to them. According to Kent Bach, "almost any speech act is really the performance of several acts at once, distinguished by different aspects of the speaker's intention: there is the act of saying something, what one does in saying it, such as requesting or promising, and how one is trying to affect one's audience". The contemporary use of the term "speech act" goes back to J. L. Austin's development of performative utterances and his theory of locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. Speech acts serve their function once they are said or communica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regionalism (international Relations)
In international relations, regionalism is the expression of a common sense identity and purpose combined with the creation and implementation of institutions that express a particular identity and shape collective action within a geographical region. Regionalism is one of the three constituents of the international trade, international commercial system (along with multilateralism and unilateralism).W.J. Ethier, ''The International Commercial System'', 11 The first coherent regional initiatives began in the 1950s and 1960s, but they accomplished little, except in Western Europe with the establishment of the European Community. Some analysts call these initiatives "old regionalism". In the late 1980s, a new bout of regional integration (also called "new regionalism") began and continues still . A new wave of political initiatives prompting regional integration took place worldwide during the last two decades. Regional and bilateral trade deals have also mushroomed after the failure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
