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Cookies Having Independent Partitioned State
The Privacy Sandbox is an initiative led by Google to create web standards for websites to access user information without compromising privacy. Its core purpose is to facilitate online advertising by sharing a subset of user private information without the use of third-party cookies. The initiative includes a number of proposals, many of these proposals have bird-themed names which are changed once the corresponding feature reaches general availability. The technology include Topics API (formerly Federated Learning of Cohorts or FLoC), Protected Audience, Attribution Reporting, Private Aggregation, Shared Storage and Fenced Frames as well as other proposed technologies like IP Protection, Related Website Sets, CHIPS, and Bounce Tracking Mitigation. The project was announced in August 2019. On September 7, 2023, Google announced general availability of Privacy Sandbox APIs, naming explicitly Topics, Protected Audience, Attribution Reporting, Private Aggregation, Shared Storage and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Google
Google LLC (, ) is an American multinational corporation and technology company focusing on online advertising, search engine technology, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial intelligence (AI). It has been referred to as "the most powerful company in the world" by the BBC and is one of the world's List of most valuable brands, most valuable brands. Google's parent company, Alphabet Inc., is one of the five Big Tech companies alongside Amazon (company), Amazon, Apple Inc., Apple, Meta Platforms, Meta, and Microsoft. Google was founded on September 4, 1998, by American computer scientists Larry Page and Sergey Brin. Together, they own about 14% of its publicly listed shares and control 56% of its stockholder voting power through super-voting stock. The company went public company, public via an initial public offering (IPO) in 2004. In 2015, Google was reorganized as a wholly owned subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. Go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Device Fingerprint
A device fingerprint or machine fingerprint is information collected about the software and hardware of a remote computing device for the purpose of identification. The information is usually assimilated into a brief identifier using a fingerprinting algorithm. A browser fingerprint is information collected specifically by interaction with the web browser of the device. Device fingerprints can be used to fully or partially identify individual devices even when persistent cookies (and zombie cookies) cannot be read or stored in the browser, the client IP address is hidden, or one switches to another browser on the same device. This may allow a service provider to detect and prevent identity theft and credit card fraud, but also to compile long-term records of individuals' browsing histories (and deliver targeted advertising or targeted exploits) even when they are attempting to avoid tracking – raising a major concern for internet privacy advocates. History Basic web brows ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behavioral Retargeting
Behavioral retargeting (also known as behavioral remarketing, or simply, retargeting) is a form of online targeted advertising by which online advertising is targeted to consumers based on their previous internet behaviour. Retargeting tags online users by including a pixel within the target webpage or email, which sets a cookie in the user's browser. Once the cookie is set, the advertiser is able to show ads (often display ads) to that user elsewhere on the internet via an ad exchange. Dynamic creative (also known as personalized retargeting), allows an advertiser to display a banner created on-the-fly for a particular consumer based on specific pages that they viewed. For example, if a consumer visits an advertiser's website and browses products A, B, and C – they will then be retargeted with a display banner featuring the exact products A, B, and C that they previously viewed. This is typically restricted to the visitor's browsing on a single website. A refined version impro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conversion Tracking
With reference to display media and search media, conversion tracking is the measurement of media performance with reference to campaign key performance indicators ( KPIs). This process functions thanks to a JavaScript tracker or a pixel tracker (when JavaScript is disabled, for instance in emails), which instantaneously records quantitative actions. Results are cross-referenced with the KPIs, or measures of success, to gauge if the media inventory has achieved its targeting parameters. Common measures of success include: * Conversion rate In electronic commerce, conversion marketing is a marketing technique aimed at increasing ''conversions''—that is, turning site visitors into paying customers. Conversion marketing addresses low online conversion rates by improving overall cu ...: the ratio of orders to visitors * Drop-off rate: the ratio of users that started processes but did not finish * Clickthrough rate: the ratio of total visitors with exposure to an advertise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domain Name System
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and distributed name service that provides a naming system for computers, services, and other resources on the Internet or other Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It associates various information with ''domain names'' (identification (information), identification String (computer science), strings) assigned to each of the associated entities. Most prominently, it translates readily memorized domain names to the numerical IP addresses needed for locating and identifying computer services and devices with the underlying network protocols. The Domain Name System has been an essential component of the functionality of the Internet since 1985. The Domain Name System delegates the responsibility of assigning domain names and mapping those names to Internet resources by designating authoritative name servers for each domain. Network administrators may delegate authority over subdomains of their allocated name space to other name servers. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DNS-over-HTTPS
DNS over HTTPS (DoH) is a protocol for performing remote Domain Name System (DNS) resolution via the HTTPS protocol. A goal of the method is to increase user privacy and security by preventing eavesdropping and manipulation of DNS data by man-in-the-middle attacks by using the HTTPS protocol to encrypt the data between the DoH client and the DoH-based DNS resolver. By March 2018, Google and the Mozilla Foundation had started testing versions of DNS over HTTPS. – Google provides two endpoints: one for its 2018 JSON API, one for an RFC 8484 API. In February 2020, Firefox switched to DNS over HTTPS by default for users in the United States. In May 2020, Chrome switched to DNS over HTTPS by default. An alternative to DoH is the DNS over TLS (DoT) protocol, a similar standard for encrypting DNS queries, differing only in the methods used for encryption and delivery. Based on privacy and security, whether either protocol is superior is a matter of controversial debate, while others ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anonymous Proxy
An anonymizer or an anonymous proxy is a tool that attempts to make activity on the Internet untraceable. It is a proxy server computer that acts as an intermediary and privacy shield between a client computer and the rest of the Internet. It accesses the Internet on the user's behalf, protecting personal information of the user by hiding the client computer's Personal identifying information, identifying information such as IP addresses. Anonymous proxy is the opposite of Proxy server#Transparent proxy, transparent proxy, which sends user information in the connection Hypertext Transfer Protocol#Request message, request List of HTTP header fields, header. Commercial anonymous proxies are usually sold as VPN service, VPN services. Purposes There are many reasons for using anonymizers, such as minimizing risk, prevention of identity theft, or protecting search histories from public disclosure. Some countries apply heavy Internet censorship, censorship on the internet. Anonymizers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
User Agent Reduction
In computing, the User-Agent header is an HTTP header intended to identify the user agent responsible for making a given HTTP request. Whereas the character sequence User-Agent comprises the name of the header itself, the header value that a given user agent uses to identify itself is colloquially known as its user agent string. The user agent for the operator of a computer used to access the Web has encoded within the rules that govern its behavior the knowledge of how to negotiate its half of a request-response transaction; the user agent thus plays the role of the client in a client–server system. Often considered useful in networks is the ability to identify and distinguish the software facilitating a network session. For this reason, the User-Agent HTTP header exists to identify the client software to the responding server. Use in client requests When a software agent operates in a network protocol, it often identifies itself, its application type, operating system, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Client Hints
Client Hints is an extension to the HTTP protocol that allows servers to ask the client (usually a web browser) for information about its configuration. This helps the server tailor its responses to the client; for example, a server can choose to send a smaller image if a client advertises that they have a very small screen. The client can choose to respond to this request by advertising the requested information about itself by sending the data using a specific part of the HTTP protocol called HTTP header fields or by exposing the same information to the JavaScript code being executed on a web page. Proposed by Google engineers in 2013, Client Hints was designed as a privacy-focused alternative to user-agent headers. This was done as part of an initiative by Google called Privacy Sandbox. User-agent headers are code snippets sent by a client to identify itself to a server. While initially intended for statistical purposes, these headers had increasingly become a tool for tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
