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Convoy HX 237
HX 237 was a North Atlantic convoy of the HX convoys, HX series which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was one of several convoy battles that occurred during the crisis month of May 1943. Background HX 237 was an east bound convoy of 47 ships, plus local contingents, which sailed from New York City, New York on 1 May 1943 bound for Liverpool and carrying war materials. Convoy commodore was Capt. R Gill RNR in ''Pacific Enterprise''. Mid-Ocean Escort Force group C2 joined the convoy from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's on 7 May. Escort group C2 was led by Cdr EH Chavasse in destroyer HMS Broadway (H90), ''Broadway''; other ships of this group were frigate HMS Lagan (K259), ''Lagan'' and three corvettes. These were joined on the same day by a Support Group, SG 5, comprising escort carrier HMS Biter (D97), ''Biter'' and four destroyers. Arrayed against them in the North Atlantic were the patrol lines ''Rhein'', ''Elbe'' and ''Drossel'', th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Submarine U-359
German submarine ''U-359'' was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' during World War II. She carried out three patrols. She did not sink or damage any ships. She was sunk by an American aircraft in the Caribbean Sea on 26 July 1943. Design German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. ''U-359'' had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to . The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for at ; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Opportune (G80)
HMS ''Opportune'' was an O-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. She was ordered from John I. Thornycroft & Company, Woolston on 3 September 1939 for the 1st Emergency Flotilla. She was commissioned on 14 August 1942. She was the second Royal Navy ship borne ''Opportune''. She served throughout the Second World War, mainly as an escort ship for convoys, and remained with the Royal Navy until the mid-1950s. Service history Convoy Duty 1942 Enemy action affected ''Opportune'' before she was even completed, as German bombing in 1940 severely damaged the shipyard and enemy action delayed the delivery of components. It was for these reasons that her completion was delayed until 1942. When she was eventually launched, she was with the 17th Destroyer Flotilla with the Home Fleet. During trials, she assisted in escorting convoy PW-202 to Bristol. Her first real duty was escorting the Arctic convoy PQ-18 to the Russian port at Murmansk. On 20 September, she was required to assist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark 24 Mine
The Mark 24 mine (also known as FIDO or Fido) is an air-dropped anti-submarine (ASW) acoustic torpedo developed by the United States during World War II; it was called a mine to conceal its capabilities. The torpedo entered service with the Allies in March 1943; the United States Navy (USN) used it until 1948. Approximately 4,000 were produced. Of the 340 deployed during the war, 204 were fired, sinking 37 and damaging 18 Axis submarines. Background The concept of the acoustic torpedo existed by World War I, but was impractical due to the insufficient understanding of underwater acoustics. Germany was developing electrically-driven acoustic torpedoes by 1933; the resulting G7e and G7es anti-ship torpedoes, running at a preset depth, entered service on submarines in 1943. The USN received a similar anti-ship torpedo, the Mark 28, in 1944. ASW torpedoes must detect and respond to greater changes in depth and azimuth than anti-ship torpedoes. FIDO was designed within the a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consolidated B-24 Liberator
The Consolidated B-24 Liberator is an American heavy bomber, designed by Consolidated Aircraft of San Diego, California. It was known within the company as the Model 32, and some initial production aircraft were laid down as export models designated as various LB-30s, in the Land Bomber design category. At its inception, the B-24 was a modern design featuring a highly efficient shoulder-mounted, high aspect ratio Davis wing. The wing gave the Liberator a high cruise speed, long Range (aeronautics), range and the ability to carry a heavy Aerial bomb, bomb load. In comparison with its contemporaries, the B-24 was relatively difficult to fly and had poor low-speed performance; it also had a lower Ceiling (aeronautics), ceiling and was less robust than the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. While Aircrew#Military, aircrews tended to prefer the B-17, General Staff favored the B-24 and procured it in huge numbers for a wide variety of roles. At approximately 18,500 units – including 8,68 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convoy SC 129
SC 129 was a North Atlantic convoy of the SC series which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was one of several convoy battles that occurred during the crisis month of May 1943. Background SC 129 was an east bound convoy of 25 ships, plus local contingents, which sailed from New York on 2 May 1943 bound for Liverpool and carrying war materials. Mid-Ocean Escort Force group B2 joined the convoy from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador on 6 May. Escort group B2 was led by Cdr D MacIntyre in HMS ''Hesperus''; other ships of this group were destroyer and five corvettes. They were joined for the voyage by two armed trawlers, plus a convoy rescue ship and an oiler. Arrayed against them in the North Atlantic were patrol lines ''Rhein'', ''Elbe'' and ''Drossel'', though although in the event only ''Elbe'', re-configured and comprising 21 U-boats, engaged SC 129. Action First contact with the convoy was made on 11 May by ''U-504'', which called up o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coastal Command
RAF Coastal Command was a formation within the Royal Air Force (RAF). It was founded in 1936, when the RAF was restructured into Fighter, Bomber and Coastal commands and played an important role during the Second World War. Maritime Aviation had been neglected in the inter-war period, due to disagreements between the Royal Navy (RN) and RAF over the ownership, roles and investment in maritime air power.Buckley, 2018. p.85 The Admiralty's main concern until 1937 was the return of the Fleet Air Arm to the Royal Navy while the RAF concentrated on the development of a bombing force to provide a deterrent. Coastal Command was referred to as the "Cinderella Service" by A V Alexander, the First Lord of the Admiralty in November 1940. Soon after RAF Coastal Area was elevated to Coastal Command, its headquarters moved from Lee-on-Solent to Northwood in northwest London. During the Second World War, Coastal Command's most important contribution was the protection of Allied convoy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fairey Swordfish
The Fairey Swordfish is a retired biplane torpedo bomber, designed by the Fairey Aviation Company. Originating in the early 1930s, the Swordfish, nicknamed "Stringbag", was principally operated by the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy. It was also used by the Royal Air Force (RAF), as well as several overseas operators, including the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and the Royal Netherlands Navy. It was initially operated primarily as a fleet attack aircraft. During its later years, the Swordfish was increasingly used for Anti-submarine warfare, anti-submarine and Trainer (aircraft), training duties. The type was in frontline service throughout the World War II, Second World War. Despite being obsolescent, the Swordfish achieved some spectacular successes during the war, including sinking one battleship and damaging two others belonging to the ''Regia Marina'' (the Italian navy) during the Battle of Taranto, and the Last battle of Bismarck, famous attack on the German battleship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Submarine U-89 (1941)
German submarine ''U-89'' was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' during World War II. She was laid down at the Flender Werke in Lübeck as yard number 293, launched on 20 September 1941 and commissioned on 19 November with ''Kapitänleutnant'' Dietrich Lohmann in command. She was a fairly successful boat, sinking over 13,815 GRT of Allied shipping in a career lasting just one year and five patrols. She was a member of ten wolfpacks. After training with the 8th U-boat Flotilla, ''U-89'' was assigned to the 9th flotilla on 1 May 1942 for operations. Design German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. ''U-89'' had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Submarine U-603
German submarine ''U-603'' was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' for service during World War II. She was laid down on 27 February 1941 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 579, launched on 16 November 1941 and commissioned on 2 January 1942 under ''Kapitänleutnant'' Kurt Kölzer. Design German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. ''U-603'' had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to . The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Submarine U-221
German submarine ''U-221'' was a German Type VII submarine#Type VIIC, Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' during World War II. Ordered on 15 August 1940 from the Germaniawerft shipyard in Kiel, she was Keel laying, laid down on 16 June 1941 as yard number 651, Ceremonial ship launching, launched on 14 March 1942 and Ship commissioning, commissioned on 9 May 1942 under the command of ''Kapitänleutnant'' Hans-Hartwig Trojer. A member of twelve Wolfpack (naval tactic), wolfpacks, she sank a total of Twenty one ships for a total of and 759 tons in five patrols. In addition, she damaged one ship with a total tonnage of 7,197 GRT. Design German Type VII submarine#Type VIIC, German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter German Type VII submarine#Type VIIB, Type VIIB submarines. ''U-221'' had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam (nautical), beam of , a height of , and a d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Submarine U-456
German submarine ''U-456'' was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' for service during World War II. She was laid down on 3 September 1940 by Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 287, launched on 21 June 1941 and commissioned on 18 September 1941 under ''Kapitänleutnant'' Max-Martin Teichert (Knight's Cross). Design Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. ''U-456'' had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to . The submarine had a maximum surface ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
