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Contumyces Brunneolilacinus
''Contumyces'' is a genus of brightly colored possibly bryophilous or graminicolous agarics in the Hymenochaetales. They have an omphalinoid morphology, and therefore were previously classified in ''Omphalina''http://perso.orange.fr/famm/Photos/Bull27/Contumyces%20vesuviana.htmhttps://web.archive.org/web/20071008085851/http://micologia.net/g3/Omphalina-rosella/Omphalina_rosella_asieThey inhabit mossy or grassy silty or sandy soils in the Northern Hemisphere. Phylogenetically related agarics are in the genera ''Rickenella'', ''Gyroflexus'', ''Loreleia'', ''Cantharellopsis'' and ''Blasiphalia'', as well as the stipitate-stereoid genera ''Muscinupta'' and ''Cotylidia'' and clavarioid genus, '' Alloclavaria''. ''Contumyces'' is most similar to ''Rickenella'' and ''Blasiphalia'' and differs by having its cystidia on the cap, stipe, and hymenium in clusters, whereas in ''Rickenella'' and ''Blasiphalia'' the cystidia are solitary. Etymology ''Contumyces'' is named after the contemp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus (plural, : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and Mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a Kingdom (biology), kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loreleia
''Loreleia'' is a genus of brightly colored agarics in the Hymenochaetales that have an omphalinoid morphology. They inhabit mosses and or liverworts on soil in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Phylogenetically related agarics are in the genera ''Contumyces'', ''Gyroflexus'', ''Rickenella'', ''Cantharellopsis'' and '' Blasiphalia'', as well as the stipitate-stereoid genera ''Muscinupta'' and ''Cotylidia'' and the clavaroid genus, ''Alloclavaria''. However, the large number of DNA base-pair changes causes a long-branch to form in phylogenetic analyses depicted as cladograms. In the field, to the eye, ''Loreleia'' is most similar to ''Rickenella'' because of the orangish colors and omphalinoid shape, but microscopically it differs by the absence of cystidia that in ''Rickenella'' make the latter minutely fuzzy as seen with a hand lens. ''Loreleia'' penetrates the rhizoids of liverworts and may form a type of symbiosis with them, but in axenic culture tests, ''L. m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homonym (biology)
In biology, a homonym is a name for a taxon that is identical in spelling to another such name, that belongs to a different taxon. The rule in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is that the first such name to be published is the senior homonym and is to be used (it is "valid"); any others are junior homonyms and must be replaced with new names. It is, however, possible that if a senior homonym is archaic, and not in "prevailing usage," it may be declared a ''nomen oblitum'' and rendered unavailable, while the junior homonym is preserved as a ''nomen protectum''. :For example: :*Cuvier proposed the genus ''Echidna'' in 1797 for the spiny anteater. :*However, Forster had already published the name ''Echidna'' in 1777 for a genus of moray eels. :*Forster's use thus has priority, with Cuvier's being a junior homonym. :* Illiger published the replacement name ''Tachyglossus'' in 1811. Similarly, the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (IC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jakob Emanuel Lange
Jakob Emanuel Lange (2 April 1864 – 27 December 1941), was a Danish mycologist who studied the systematics of gilled mushrooms. His best-known work is ''Flora Agaricina Danica'', a five-volume plate work on the Agaricales of Denmark. He was also a dedicated Georgist land reformer. He was the father of Morten Lange (1919–2003), mycologist, professor at the University of Copenhagen and member of the Folketing The Folketing ( da, Folketinget, ; ), also known as the Parliament of Denmark or the Danish Parliament in English, is the unicameral national legislature (parliament) of the Kingdom of Denmark—Denmark proper together with the Faroe Islands an .... Notes 1864 births 1941 deaths Danish mycologists Georgists {{mycologist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenium
The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some cells develop into sterile cells called cystidia ( basidiomycetes) or paraphyses ( ascomycetes). Cystidia are often important for microscopic identification. The subhymenium consists of the supportive hyphae from which the cells of the hymenium grow, beneath which is the hymenophoral trama, the hyphae that make up the mass of the hymenophore. The position of the hymenium is traditionally the first characteristic used in the classification and identification of mushrooms. Below are some examples of the diverse types which exist among the macroscopic Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. * In agarics, the hymenium is on the vertical faces of the gills. * In boletes and polypores, it is in a spongy mass of downward-pointing tubes. * In puffb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stipe (mycology)
In mycology, a stipe () is the stem or stalk-like feature supporting the cap of a mushroom. Like all tissues of the mushroom other than the hymenium, the stipe is composed of sterile hyphal tissue. In many instances, however, the fertile hymenium extends down the stipe some distance. Fungi that have stipes are said to be stipitate. The evolutionary benefit of a stipe is generally considered to be in mediating spore dispersal. An elevated mushroom will more easily release its spores into wind currents or onto passing animals. Nevertheless, many mushrooms do not have stipes, including cup fungi, puffballs, earthstars, some polypores, jelly fungi, ergots, and smuts. It is often the case that features of the stipe are required to make a positive identification of a mushroom. Such distinguishing characters include: # the texture of the stipe (fibrous, brittle, chalky, leathery, firm, etc.) # whether it has remains of a partial veil (such as an annulus or cortina) or unive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pileus (mycology)
The pileus is the technical name for the cap, or cap-like part, of a basidiocarp or ascocarp ( fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium.Moore-Landecker, E: "Fundamentals of the Fungi", page 560. Prentice Hall, 1972. The hymenium ( hymenophore) may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus. A pileus is characteristic of agarics, boletes, some polypores, tooth fungi, and some ascomycetes. Classification Pilei can be formed in various shapes, and the shapes can change over the course of the developmental cycle of a fungus. The most familiar pileus shape is hemispherical or ''convex.'' Convex pilei often continue to expand as they mature until they become flat. Many well-known species have a convex pileus, including the button mushroom, various '' Amanita'' species and boletes. Some, such as the parasol mushroom, have distinct bosses or umbos and are described as '' umbonate''. An umbo is a knobby protrusion at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cystidia
A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are often unique to a particular species or genus, they are a useful micromorphological characteristic in the identification of basidiomycetes. In general, the adaptive significance of cystidia is not well understood. Classification of cystidia By position Cystidia may occur on the edge of a lamella (or analogous hymenophoral structure) (cheilocystidia), on the face of a lamella (pleurocystidia), on the surface of the cap (dermatocystidia or pileocystidia), on the margin of the cap (circumcystidia) or on the stipe (caulocystidia). Especially the pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia are important for identification within many genera. Sometimes the cheilocystidia give the gill edge a distinct colour which is visible to the naked eye or wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alloclavaria
''Alloclavaria'' is a clavarioid genus in the Hymenochaetales recently segregated from '' Clavaria'' by molecular analysis. Phylogenetically related fungi are in the agaricoid genera ''Rickenella'', ''Contumyces'', ''Gyroflexus'', ''Loreleia'', ''Cantharellopsis'' and ''Blasiphalia'', as well as the stipitate stereoid genera ''Cotylidia'' and ''Muscinupta''. The only species as yet placed in ''Alloclavaria'' is the type, formerly known as ''Clavaria purpurea'' under which name it is often cited or illustratehttp://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/fungi/basidiomycotina/cantharellales/clavariaceae/clavaria/purpurea-1.jpg]. It is suspected, via circumstantial evidence, i.e. habitat, but not proven, that ''Alloclavaria'' is mycorrhizal. Etymology Alloclavaria means "the other ''Clavaria''", a reference to the fact it was segregated from ''Clavaria'' which was shown to be a member of the Agaricales through phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clavarioid Fungus
The clavarioid fungi are a group of fungi in the ''Basidiomycota'' typically having erect, simple or branched basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the ground, on decaying vegetation, or on dead wood. They are colloquially called club fungi and coral fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus ''Clavaria'' ("clavarioid" means ''Clavaria''-like), but it is now known that clavarioid species are not all closely related. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "clavarioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers. History ''Clavaria'' was one of the original genera created by Linnaeus in his ''Species Plantarum'' of 1753. It contained all species of fungi with erect, club-shaped or branched (coral-like) fruit bodies, including many that are now referred to the Ascomycota. Subsequent authors described over 1200 species in the genus. With increasing use of the microscope in the late ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cotylidia
''Cotylidia'' is a fungal genus characterized by small to moderately sized, white to palely yet brightly colored, stalked, fan-shaped to funnel-shaped fruit bodiehttps://web.archive.org/web/20070821184454/http://www.fungaljungal.org/family_pages/Cotylidia.htm] with a smooth to wrinkled hymenium, tissues composed of monomitic hyphae, basidia producing smooth, nonamyloid spores, the absence of clamp connections, and bearing projecting cylindrical, thin-walled, hymenial cystidia. The genus is classified in the Hymenochaetales, however the type species, ''C. undulata'' has not yet been sequenced. Phylogenetically-related agaricoid fungi to the two species of ''Cotylidia'' thus far sequenced are in the genera ''Rickenella'', ''Contumyces'', '' Gyroflexus'', ''Loreleia'', '' Cantharellopsis'' and ''Blasiphalia'', and '' Muscinupta'' and the clavarioid genus, ''Alloclavaria''. The ecological status of ''Cotylidia'' remains unresolved. They fruit on soil or plant debris, sometimes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muscinupta
''Muscinupta'' is a fungal genus that produces small white delicate fan-shaped to cupulate fruitbodies on mosses. It is monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ..., containing the single species ''Muscinupta laevis''. The type species is better known under the name ''Cyphellostereum laeve'' but '' Cyphellostereum'' is a basidiolichen. Etymology The name ''Muscinupta'' refers to both its moss host and an allusion to the marriage of the fungus with the moss together with its veil-like properties on the moss. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q6940264 Fungi of Europe Fungi of North America Repetobasidiaceae Monotypic Basidiomycota genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
