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Control Abortion Referral Service
Control Abortion Referral Service was a feminist Australian organisation active from 1973 through the mid-1980s that advised and supported women seeking abortion from New South Wales, other Australian states and from abroad, particularly from New Zealand. It also developed new women-run abortion services. Origins – changing the law The United Kingdom Abortion Act 1967 legalised abortion in Great Britain on certain grounds by registered practitioners and regulated the tax-paid provision of such medical practices. This UK act became the basis of the Australian Humane Society's Abortion Law Reform Associations (ALRA) which set up in each Australian state and territory over the next few years. On 26 May 1969 the Victorian Menhennitt ruling in ''R v Davidson'' ruled that abortion might be lawful if necessary to protect the physical or mental health of the woman. It was the first ruling on the legality of abortion in any part of Australia. In contrast, the New South Wales (NSW) ...
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New South Wales
New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South Australia to the west. Its coast borders the Coral Sea, Coral and Tasman Seas to the east. The Australian Capital Territory and Jervis Bay Territory are Enclave and exclave, enclaves within the state. New South Wales' state capital is Sydney, which is also Australia's most populous city. , the population of New South Wales was over 8.3 million, making it Australia's most populous state. Almost two-thirds of the state's population, 5.3 million, live in the Greater Sydney area. The Colony of New South Wales was founded as a British penal colony in 1788. It originally comprised more than half of the Australian mainland with its Western Australia border, western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825. The colony then also includ ...
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Prime Minister Of Australia
The prime minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia. The prime minister is the chair of the Cabinet of Australia and thus the head of the Australian Government, federal executive government. Under the principles of responsible government, the prime minister is both responsible to and a member of the Parliament of Australia, Commonwealth Parliament. The current prime minister is Anthony Albanese of the Australian Labor Party, who assumed the office on 23 May 2022. The role and duties of the prime minister are not described by the Australian constitution but rather defined by Constitutional convention (political custom), constitutional convention deriving from the Westminster system and responsible government. The prime minister is formally appointed by the Governor-General of Australia, governor-general, who is ordinarily constrained by convention to choose the parliamentarian able to Confidence and supply, command the confidence of the Ho ...
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Abortion In Queensland
Abortion in Queensland, Australia, is available on request in the first 22 weeks of pregnancy, with the approval of two doctors usually required for Late termination of pregnancy, later terminations of pregnancy. Queensland law prohibits protesters from coming within 150 metres of an abortion clinic and requires conscientiously objecting doctors to refer women seeking an abortion to a doctor who will provide one. The current legal framework was introduced by the Annastacia Palaszczuk, Palaszczuk Queensland Labor, Labor Government with the passage of the Termination of Pregnancy Act by the Parliament of Queensland on 17 October 2018 in a conscience vote. Before the Termination of Pregnancy Act took effect on 3 December 2018, abortion was subject to the Criminal Code and the common law McGuire ruling, which made abortion unlawful unless the abortion provider had a reasonable belief that a woman's physical or mental health was at risk. Availability varies across the state, and is more ...
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Brisbane
Brisbane ( ; ) is the List of Australian capital cities, capital and largest city of the States and territories of Australia, state of Queensland and the list of cities in Australia by population, third-most populous city in Australia, with a population of approximately 2.8 million. Brisbane lies at the centre of South East Queensland, an urban agglomeration with a population of over 4 million. The Brisbane central business district, central business district is situated within a peninsula of the Brisbane River about from its mouth at Moreton Bay. Brisbane's metropolitan area sprawls over the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Taylor Range, Taylor and D'Aguilar Range, D'Aguilar mountain ranges, encompassing several local government in Australia, local government areas, most centrally the City of Brisbane. The demonym of Brisbane is ''Brisbanite''. The Moreton Bay penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe, Queensland, Redcliff ...
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Margaret Hooks
Margaret Hooks (1945–2021) was an Irish-born author and journalist, best known for her books and writing about women, art and photography, including a celebrated biography of the Italian-born photographer Tina Modotti, and books and articles about Surrealism and artists related to the Surrealist movement. Early life Hooks was born at Belfast's Royal Victoria Hospital, the eldest of six children. Her parents were prominent members of the local Plymouth Brethren congregation. She left Belfast in 1964 for a job in the civil service in London, where she embraced the counterculture of the time. In the 1970s, she twice traveled overland from London to India. Activism Settling in Sydney in 1973, Hooks became active in leftwing and feminist circles. She was hired in 1974 by the Sydney-based anti-war campaign organization AICD (the Association for International Cooperation & Disarmament, now known as the People for Nuclear Disarmament NSW) to direct its Latin America section, lobb ...
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Geoffrey Davis (doctor)
Geoffrey Lancelot Rutter Davis (1933–2008) was an Australian medical doctor, who rose to prominence in Sydney in the 1970s as a leading provider of contraception and abortion services. He was also the owner for nearly 50 years of The Abbey, a 50-room mansion in the Sydney inner suburb of Annandale. Early life and education Davis was the only son of Lancelot E. Davis, a radio engineer, and Mavis D. Rutter. He was raised in the Sydney suburb of Strathfield and attended the private Anglican-run Trinity Grammar School for boys, graduating in 1950. From 1951 to 1957, Davis was a student in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Sydney. In 1958, he received his Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery degrees from Sydney University, serving that year as a Junior Resident Medical Officer at Sydney Hospital and the following year as a Senior Resident Medical Officer at the same hospital. Early career After working as a research fellow from 1960 to 1962 in the Kanematsu I ...
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Potts Point
Potts Point is a small and densely populated suburb in inner-city Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Potts Point is located east of the Sydney central business district and is part of the Local government in Australia, local government area of the City of Sydney. Potts Point sits on a ridge immediately east of Woolloomooloo, west of Elizabeth Bay, New South Wales, Elizabeth Bay and Rushcutters Bay and north of Darlinghurst. The suburb has a roughly trapezoidal shape, and at its greatest extent is no more than long by wide. The suburb's boundaries include Macleay Street to the east, Darlinghurst Road to the southeast, William Street, Sydney, William Street to the south, Brougham Street and part of Cowper Wharf Roadway to the west. Kings Cross and Garden Island Kings Cross, New South Wales, Kings Cross is not an officially designated suburb of Sydney, but rather a locality encompassed entirely by the suburbs of Potts Point and Elizabeth Bay. Kings Cross is a commercial area t ...
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Gestational Age
In obstetrics, gestational age is a measure of the age of a pregnancy taken from the beginning of the woman's last menstrual period (LMP), or the corresponding age of the gestation as estimated by a more accurate method, if available. Such methods include adding 14 days to a known duration since fertilization (as is possible in in vitro fertilization), or by obstetric ultrasonography. The popularity of using this measure of pregnancy is largely due to convenience: menstruation is usually noticed, while there is generally no convenient way to discern when fertilization or implantation occurred. Gestational age is contrasted with fertilization age, which takes the date of fertilization as the start date of gestation. There are different approaches to defining the start of a pregnancy. This definition is unusual in that it describes women as becoming "pregnant" about two weeks before they even had sex. The definition of pregnancy and the calculation of gestational age are also r ...
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Arncliffe, New South Wales
Arncliffe is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Arncliffe is located 11 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, in the Local government in Australia, local government area of the Bayside Council. Arncliffe is south of the Cooks River and Wolli Creek, close to Sydney Airport. Arncliffe is a mostly residential area featuring low-density detached and semi-detached houses and some medium density Terraced house, town houses and blocks of apartment, flats. There are also some areas of commercial and light industrial developments. History ] Arncliffe's name comes from a small village called Arncliffe, North Yorkshire, Arncliffe in North Yorkshire, England. The name appears in the Domesday Book of 1086, as 'Arneclif', meaning Eagle Cliff. In his book "A Village Called Arncliffe" (1997) Ron Rathbone relates that an early land speculator, William Hirst, created a subdivision in 1840 named The Village of Arncliffe Estate. William ...
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Population Services International (Australasia)
Population Services International (Australasia) was an Australian based subsidiary of Population Services International. PSI Australasia operated as a not-for-profit corporation, continuously registered in Australia from mid-1973 to 1992, with the mission of providing contraception and abortion services. Founding PSI Australasia’s founding Director was the Australian physician Geoffrey Davis, who in the 1960s had provided discreet early-stage pregnancy termination services from clinics he operated in the Sydney suburbs of Potts Point and Arncliffe. In 1971, abortion was partially legalised in New South Wales, following court rulings in the states of Victoria (R v Davidson, 1969) and New South Wales (R v Wald, 1971). Those rulings permitted abortion when a medical practitioner determined in good faith that failure to terminate a pregnancy posed a risk to a woman’s life or her physical or mental health. After working in London in the late-1960s, Davis was hired as a Direc ...
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Geoffrey Keighley
William Geoffrey Keighley OAM (10 January 1925 – 14 June 2005) was an English barrister, businessman, first-class cricketer, farmer, grazier and legislator. Keighley was born in Nice, France. His family had business interests in Bradford, West Yorkshire and New South Wales. He was educated at the Tudor House preparatory school in New South Wales, Eton and Trinity College, Oxford. He received private coaching from the Yorkshire and England cricketer Herbert Sutcliffe (who was a friend of his mother's from Bradford). He captained the Eton XI, before going up to Oxford. After being called up by the Royal Air Force (RAF), he was trained as a navigator, but never flew on operations. Upon returning to Oxford, he was awarded a blue. As a stylish right-handed batsman, he scored 105 versus South Africa in his second match, and 99 versus Cambridge University in 1947. His highest innings was 110 versus Surrey at Headingley in 1951. He held the second wicket partnership of 226 (with ...
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Gordon Barton
Gordon Page Barton (30 August 19294 April 2005) was an Australian businessman and political activist. Biography Barton was born in Surabaya, Java, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) of a Dutch mother and Australian father. He showed his intelligence and originality early, at the University of Sydney, where he found by careful study of the handbook of course requirements he could select a particular group of subjects that would qualify him for three degrees simultaneously, in the time normally taken for one. The university awarded him the degrees but then changed the rules so that it couldn't happen again. While still at university Barton started Interstate Parcel Express Company (IPEC), which was the core of his business. In 1966, he used some of his wealth to form the Liberal Reform Group, a splinter group of members of the Liberal Party of Australia disenchanted with their party's support for the Vietnam War; this became the Australian Reform Movement and then the Australia Pa ...
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