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Constitutional Court (Portugal)
The Constitutional Court (, ) is a special court, defined by the Portuguese Constitution as part of the judicial branch of the Portuguese political organization. Unlike the rest of the country's courts, the Constitutional Court has important characteristics, such as a special composition, and unique competences. The main task of the court is to review the constitutionality of the newly approved laws, but it also has important powers related to the President of the Republic, the political parties, and referendums. The Portuguese Constitution defines the Constitutional Court as a completely independent organ that operates independently from the other branches of government, such as the Executive or the Legislative. The Justices of the Constitutional Court are independent and cannot be impeached. The decisions of the court are above the decisions of any other authority. The court convenes in Lisbon, in the Ratton Palace located in Bairro Alto. Organization The court is compos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bairro Alto
Bairro Alto (; literally: ''Upper District'') is a central district of the city of Lisbon, the Portuguese capital. Unlike many of the civil parishes of Lisbon, this region can be commonly explained as a loose association of neighbourhoods, with no formal local political authority but social and historical significance to the urban community of Lisbon and of Portugal as a whole. The ''bairro'' or "neighbourhood" resulted from urban expansion in the 16th century, forming outside the walls of the historical city, and is characterized by an almost orthogonal tract (developing from two phases of distinct urbanization). It is a fundamental quarter of Lisbon, organized into a hierarchical scheme of roads and lanes: the roads, the structural axis, run perpendicular to the river; and the lanes, or secondary axis, cut parallel to the river. The matrix of allotments reflects the persistent use of the medieval layout; the division and multiplication of this module had its origin in the variat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Portugal
The prime minister of Portugal (; ) is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, is accountable to Assembly of the Republic (Portugal), parliament and keeps the President of Portugal, president informed. The prime minister can hold the role of head of government with the portfolio of one or more ministries. As Portugal is a semi-presidential system, semi-presidential parliamentary republic, the prime minister is the country's leading political figure and ''de facto'' chief executive. There is no limit to the number of terms a person can serve as prime minister. The prime minister is appointed by the president following Portuguese legislative elections, legislative elections, after having heard the parties represented in the parliament. Usually, the person named is the leader of the largest party in the previous election, but there have bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Courts
A constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with constitutional law. Its main authority is to rule on whether laws that are challenged are in fact unconstitutional, i.e. whether they conflict with constitutionally established rules, rights, and freedoms, among other things. History Before establishment of independent constitutional court Prior to 1919, the United States, Canada and Australia had adopted the concept of judicial review by their courts, following shared principles of their similar common law legal systems, which they, in turn, had inherited from British colonial law. The Parthenopean Republic's constitution of 1799, written by Mario Pagano, envisaged an organ of magistrates reviewing constitutional law, the ''eforato'', but lasted only 6 months. The 1776 Constitution of Pennsylvania and 1777 Constitution of Vermont both establish a "Council of Censors" separate from the other branches of government, with the task of "recommending to the leg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of Portugal
The Law of Portugal is part of the family of what in English-speaking countries are sometimes called the " civil law" legal systems, referring to legal systems that developed at least in conversation or close ties with systems influenced by the ius commune medieval European tradition of Roman law (however, Scandinavian legal systems are often counted as such, despite the former not penetrating in influence, as opposed to local North Germanic customary law). As such, it has many common features with the legal systems found in most of the countries in Continental Europe. Along its history, the law practiced in Portugal started to be based in the customary law of the indigenous peoples that initially occupied the region, that was later influenced by the Roman and Visigothic laws. From the 13th until the 18th centuries, the main influence was the Justinian and Canon laws. In the 18th century, the main influence started to be the natural law. CAETANO, Marcello«História do Direito ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Portugal
The present Constitution of Portugal - officially the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic - was adopted in 1976 after the Carnation Revolution. It was preceded by a number of constitutions including the first one created in 1822 (following the Liberal Revolution of 1820), 1826 (drawn up by King Dom Pedro IV), 1838 (after the Liberal Wars), 1911 (following the 5 October 1910 revolution), and 1933 (after the 28 May 1926 coup d'état). Constitution of 1976 The Constitution of 1976 was drafted by a Constituent Assembly that was elected on 25 April 1975, one year after the Carnation Revolution. It was largely drafted in 1975, then finished and officially promulgated in early 1976. Portugal's democratic future was still unclear at the time of the constitution's drafting. Even after a leftist coup had been put down in November 1975, it was not known if the armed forces would respect the assembly and allow work on the constitution to go forward. The '' Movimento das For� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politics Of Portugal
Politics in Portugal operates as a Unitary state, unitary Multi-party system, multi-party Semi-presidential system, semi-presidential Representative democracy, representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Portugal is the head of government, and the President of Portugal is the non-executive head of state which, although it is a somewhat ceremonial figure, has some significant political powers they exercise often.Duties of the President – Head of State ''Official Page of the Presidency of the Portuguese Republic''. Retrieved 7 September 2021. Executive power is exercised by the Government of Portugal, Government, whose leader is the prime minister. Legislative power is primarily vested in the Assembly of the Republic (Portugal), Assembly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Supreme Administrative Court
The Supreme Administrative Court () is a court in Portugal that deals with matters pertaining to administrative and fiscal legal relations. This court functions without prejudice to the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of Portugal. See also *Judiciary of Portugal *Constitution of Portugal References External links * Administrative Politics of Portugal Portugal Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ... Courts and tribunals with year of establishment missing {{Portugal-gov-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Court Of Audits
The Portuguese Court of Audits () is the high-court in Portugal responsible for reviewing the legal issues on public expenditure and delivering judgement on those accounts relating to: * General Accounts of the State * accounts of the Autonomous Regions of the Azores and of Madeira * liability of financial offences See also *Judiciary of Portugal *Constitution of Portugal References External links * Auditors Politics of Portugal Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ... Supreme audit institutions Courts and tribunals with year of establishment missing {{Portugal-gov-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Supreme Court Of Justice
The Supreme Court of Justice (, , STJ) is the highest court of law in Portugal without prejudice to the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court. The judges of the STJ are referred to as "counselors" (''conselheiros''). Its president is elected by and from among the judges of the court. The STJ is installed in the buildings of the northern wing of the '' Terreiro do Paço'' square in Lisbon. Competences The competences of the Supreme Court of Justice are the following: *To try the President of Portugal, the President of the Assembly of the Republic and the Prime Minister of Portugal for crimes committed during the exercise of their office; *To harmonize rulings by setting uniform jurisprudence; *To hear appeals in matters of law; *To try crimes committed by the members of the Supreme Court, of the Courts of Appeal or Public Prosecutors. History The Supreme Court of Justice was created by the Constitution of 1822 and installed eleven years after, in the scope of the separatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judiciary Of Portugal
The judiciary of Portugal is a system of courts that together constitute one of the four organs of Sovereignty as defined by the Portuguese Constitution. The courts are independent from the other three Portuguese organs of Sovereignty (President of Portugal, President of the Republic, Government of Portugal, Government and Assembly of the Republic (Portugal), Assembly of the Republic). The Portuguese courts are divided by four independent orders, each of which corresponds to the separate Constitutional, Judicial, Administrative and Auditors jurisdictions. The public prosecution and the representation of the State before the courts is assured by an independent body of magistrates, known as Public Ministry. The Ministry of Justice is the Ministry (government department), Government department responsible for the administration of the Judiciary system. Orders of courts The Portuguese judiciary system is not unitary, but it is instead divided in four independent categories or ord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Referendum
A referendum, plebiscite, or ballot measure is a Direct democracy, direct vote by the Constituency, electorate (rather than their Representative democracy, representatives) on a proposal, law, or political issue. A referendum may be either binding (resulting in the adoption of a new policy) or advisory (functioning like a large-scale opinion poll). Etymology 'Referendum' is the gerundive form of the Latin language, Latin verb , literally "to carry back" (from the verb , "to bear, bring, carry" plus the inseparable prefix , here meaning "back"Marchant & Charles, Cassell's Latin Dictionary, 1928, p. 469.). As a gerundive is an adjective,A gerundive is a verbal adjective (Kennedy's Shorter Latin Primer, 1962 edition, p. 91.) not a noun, it cannot be used alone in Latin, and must be contained within a context attached to a noun such as , "A proposal which must be carried back to the people". The addition of the verb (3rd person singular, ) to a gerundive, denotes the idea of nece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fascism
Fascism ( ) is a far-right, authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology and movement. It is characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived interest of the nation or Race (human categorization), race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy. Opposed to communism, democracy, liberalism, Pluralism (political philosophy), pluralism, and socialism, fascism is at the far right of the traditional left–right spectrum.; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Fascism rose to prominence in early-20th-century Europe. The first fascist movements Italian fascism, emerged in Italy during World War I, before Fascism in Europe, spreading to other European countries, most notably Nazi Germany, Germany. Fascism also had adherents outside of Europe. Fascists saw World War I as a revolution that brought massive changes to the nature ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
