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Constitution Of Egypt
The Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the fundamental law of Egypt. The Egyptian Constitution of 2014 was passed in a referendum in January 2014. The constitution took effect after the results were announced on 18 January 2014. A constitutional amendments referendum was held from 20 to 22 April 2019. Background In July 2013, after the ousting of former President Mohammed Morsi, the military announced the schedule for the development of the constitution, with the vote to occur around the end of November 2013. Two different committees were involved in amending the 2012 constitution. The constitution replaces the Egyptian Constitution of 2012 which came into effect under Morsi. Contents The constitution adopted in 2014, like the constitution drafted under Morsi, is based on the Egyptian Constitution of 1971. The 2014 constitution sets up a president and parliament. The president is elected to a six-year term and may serve one term. The parliament may impeach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2019 Egyptian Constitutional Referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Egypt between 20 and 22 April 2019, The main proposed amendments were re-establishing the presidential term to six years, from four previously, and lengthening the then president's current term and allowing him to stand for an additional term in office, thereby allowing President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to potentially remain in power until 2030. The changes were approved by 88.83% of voters who voted, with a 44% turnout. Preparation Plans to amend the constitution were prepared by the General Intelligence Directorate (Mukhabarat) around December 2018, with nearly daily meetings headed by el-Sisi's son Mahmoud el-Sisi, Deputy Director of the Mukhabarat. Some meetings were also attended by Abbas Kamel, the Director of the Mukhabarat. The initial plans were to extend the presidential term to six years while retaining a maximum of two terms and to weaken the powers of parliament. Security services planned "wide-reaching arrest campaigns of civi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptian Constitution Of 1971
The Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt was the former constitution of Egypt. It was adopted on 11 September 1971 through a public referendum. It was later amended in 1980, 2005, and 2007. It was proclaimed to update the democratic representative system in assertion of the rule of law, independence of the judiciary, and party plurality. On 13 February 2011, the Constitution was suspended following the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak as a result of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. On 30 March 2011, it was "effectively voided" after a new provisional constitution was passed by the country's ruling Supreme Council of the Armed Forces."Constitution: Overview" at State Information Service website. Retrieved 25 June 2020. It has since been superseded by the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2014 In Law
Fourteen or 14 may refer to: * 14 (number), the natural number following 13 and preceding 15 * one of the years 14 BC, AD 14, 1914, 2014 Music * 14th (band), a British electronic music duo * ''14'' (David Garrett album), 2013 *''14'', an unreleased album by Charli XCX * "14" (song), a 2007 song by Paula Cole from ''Courage'' * "Fourteen", a 2000 song by The Vandals from '' Look What I Almost Stepped In...'' Other uses * ''Fourteen'' (film), a 2019 American film directed by Dan Sallitt * ''Fourteen'' (play), a 1919 play by Alice Gerstenberg * ''Fourteen'' (manga), a 1990 manga series by Kazuo Umezu * ''14'' (novel), a 2013 science fiction novel by Peter Clines * ''The 14'', a 1973 British drama film directed by David Hemmings * Fourteen, West Virginia, United States, an unincorporated community * Lot Fourteen, redevelopment site in Adelaide, South Australia, previously occupied by the Royal Adelaide Hospital * "The Fourteen", a nickname for NASA Astronaut Group 3 * Fourteen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutions Of Egypt
The Constitution of Egypt has passed over a long period of evolution from the liberal constitution of 1923 to the contemporary constitution. Ancient Egypt Egypt is known for having one of the earliest administrative and legislative codes in history. Pharaonic civilization laid the groundwork in Egypt in terms of governance and management. The king, or Pharaoh, at the top of the state hierarchy, appointed high-ranking government officials. Early Islamic era During the Islamic era, governance and legislation were principally drawn from the Qur'an and the Sunna (Traditions of the Prophet) based on the formula of consultation as one of the fundamental principles of Islamic law. When Egypt became the capital of the Shi'ite Fatimid Caliphate (969-1171) governance and legislation developed. Furthermore, the city of Cairo became the capital of Egypt. Throughout the era of the Ayubi state (1171–1250), the Citadel became the headquarters and the center of power. Legislative and judi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2014 In Egypt
The following lists events from 2014 in Egypt. Incumbents * List of Presidents of Egypt, President: Adly Mansour (until 8 June), Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (starting 8 June) * List of Prime Ministers of Egypt, Prime Minister: Hazem Al Beblawi (until 1 March), Ibrahim Mahlab (starting 17 June) Events January * January 3 – Thirteen people are killed in clashes between Muslim Brotherhood supporters, police and opponents. * January 14 – Egyptian constitutional referendum, 2014, Voters in Egypt go to the polls for the first day of voting on a new constitution. * January 15 – Egyptians vote on a constitution that will ban political parties based on religion, give women equal rights and protect the status of minority Coptic Christians. * January 17 – Two people were shot dead as clashes between Muslim Brotherhood supporters and police flared up. * January 18 – The Egyptian Constitution of 2014 was passed in the Egyptian constitutional referendum. New changes to the Egyptian consti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Egyptian Constitution
The Constitution of Egypt has passed over a long period of evolution from the liberal constitution of 1923 to the contemporary constitution. Ancient Egypt Egypt is known for having one of the earliest administrative and legislative codes in history. Pharaonic civilization laid the groundwork in Egypt in terms of governance and management. The king, or Pharaoh, at the top of the state hierarchy, appointed high-ranking government officials. Early Islamic era During the Islamic era, governance and legislation were principally drawn from the Qur'an and the Sunnah, Sunna (Traditions of the Prophet) based on the formula of consultation as one of the fundamental principles of Islamic law. When Egypt became the capital of the Shi'ite Fatimid Caliphate (969-1171) governance and legislation developed. Furthermore, the city of Cairo became the capital of Egypt. Throughout the era of the Ayubi state (1171–1250), the Citadel became the headquarters and the center of power. Legislative a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Socialists (Egypt)
The Revolutionary Socialists (; ) (RS) are a Trotskyist organisation in Egypt originating in the tradition of ' Socialism from Below'. Leading RS members include sociologist Sameh Naguib. The organisation produces a newspaper called ''The Socialist''. History The group began in the late 1980s among small circles of students influenced by Trotskyism. Adopting the current name by April 1995, the RS grew from a few active members, when the Egyptian left was very much underground, to a couple of hundred by the Second Palestinian Intifada. Despite not being able to freely organise under President Hosni Mubarak, the group's membership still increased due to their participation in the Palestinian solidarity movement. The intifada was seen to have a radicalising effect on Egyptian youth, which in turn helped to re-establish grassroots activism, which had long been repressed under the Mubarak regime. The RS' relationship with the outlawed Muslim Brotherhood is also distinct from earlier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entrenched Clause
An entrenched clause or entrenchment clause of a constitution is a provision that makes certain amendments either more difficult or impossible to pass. Overriding an entrenched clause may require a supermajority, a referendum, or the consent of the minority party. The term eternity clause is used in a similar manner in the constitutions of Brazil, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, India, Iran, Italy, Morocco, Norway, and Turkey, but specifically applies to an entrenched clause that can never be overridden. However, if a constitution provides for a mechanism of its own abolition or replacement, like the German Basic Law does in Article 146, this by necessity provides a "back door" for getting rid of the "eternity clause", too. Any amendment to a constitution that would not satisfy the prerequisites enshrined in a valid entrenched clause would lead to so-called "unconstitutional constitutional law"—that is, an amendment to constitutional law text that appears constitutional by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LGBTQ Rights In Egypt
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in Egypt face severe challenges not experienced by non-LGBTQ residents. There are reports of widespread discrimination and violence towards openly LGBTQ people within Egypt, with police frequently prosecuting gay and transgender individuals. Contemporary Egyptian law does not explicitly criminalize same-sex sexual acts. Instead, the state uses several morality provisions for the '' de facto'' criminalization of homosexual conduct. Any behavior, or the expression of any idea that is deemed to be immoral, scandalous or offensive to the teachings of a recognized religious leader may be prosecuted using these provisions. These public morality and public order laws have been used to target the LGBTQ community. History of homosexuality and legality of same-sex sexual activity History of homosexuality in ancient Egypt According to common interpretations of the Torah, Leviticus 18:3 alludes to the practice that anci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Rights In Egypt
Human rights in Egypt are guaranteed by the Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt under the various articles of Chapter 3. The country is also a party to numerous international human rights treaties, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. However, the state of human rights in the country has been criticized both in the past and the present, especially by foreign human rights organisations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. As of 2022, Human Rights Watch has declared that Egypt's human rights crises under the government of President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi is "one of its worst ... in many decades", and that "tens of thousands of government critics, including journalists, peaceful activists, and human rights defenders, remain imprisoned on abusive 'terrorism' charges, many in lengthy pretrial detention." International human rights organizations, such as the aforem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2011–12 Egyptian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt from 28 November 2011 to 11 January 2012, following the 2011 Egyptian revolution, revolution that ousted President Hosni Mubarak, after which the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) dissolved Parliament of Egypt, Parliament. However the dissolution was ruled unconstitutional and Parliament was reinstated. Originally, the elections had been scheduled to be held in September 2011, but were postponed amid concerns that established parties would gain undue advantage. The elections were proclaimed the first honest national elections of any sort held in Egypt since the overthrow of the monarchy in 1952. However, there were also complaints of irregularities and fraud. The main focus of the newly elected Parliament was to be the selection of the members of a Egyptian Constituent Assembly of 2012, Constituent Assembly. Background In late 2010, a 2010 Egyptian parliamentary election, parliamentary election was held, though it was followe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
