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Constanza Manuel
Constanza Manuel of Villena ( 1318 – 27 January 1349), was a Castilian noblewoman who by her two marriages was Queen consort of Castile and León and Infanta of Portugal. Early years and first marriage: Queen of Castile Born in Castillo de Garcimuñoz in 1318, Constanza was the daughter of Castilian nobleman and writer Don Juan Manuel (1282–1348), Duke of Peñafiel, "powerful and hardworking magnate of Castile"''Nobreza de Portugal'', vol. I, p. 207. and his second wife, Infanta Constance of Aragon, Princess of Villena, daughter of King James II of Aragon. She was the only surviving child of her parents' marriage: her two full siblings, Beatriz and Manuel, both died young; in addition, Constanza had several half-siblings from her father's third marriage and several extramarital affairs, including Juana Manuel (later wife of King Henry II of Castile). After the death of King Ferdinand IV of Castile in 1312, Don Juan Manuel was one of the tutors of his son and success ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Library Of Portugal
The (Portuguese language, Portuguese for ''National Library of Portugal'') is the Portugal, Portuguese national library. History The library was created by Decree of 29 February 1796, under the name of Royal Public Library of the Court (). The library's objective was to allow the general public access to the court's collections, bucking the trend of the time, when only scholars and sages had access to the treasures, manuscripts, paintings, and books of the royal court. In the dawn of the victory of the Liberals following the Portuguese Civil War and the abolition of the religious orders (1834), the institution was renamed the National Library of Lisbon and was officially entrusted with all or part of the libraries of numerous monasteries and convents. The arrival of these large collections made it necessary to move to larger premises, and the choice fell on the Convento de São Francisco. Over the more than 130 years in which it operated in the Chiado area of Lisbon, the BNL ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juana Manuel
Juana Manuel (1339 – 27 March 1381) was Queen of Castile from 1369 until 1379 by marriage to king Henry II of Castile. She was also the heiress of Escalona, Villena, Peñafiel and Lara, as well as Lady of Biscay. Family Juana was the daughter of Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena (1282–1348) and his third wife Blanca Núñez de Lara de La Cerda. Her mother Blanca (d. 1347) was a descendant of the lords of Biscay and of Lara and of Alfonso X's eldest son, Fernando de la Cerda. She was the last undisputably legitimate member of the House of Ivrea. Marriage Juana's father had been an enemy of King Alfonso XI of Castile, while the king tried to neutralize the Peñafiel family. On 27 July 1350 Juana's brother and guardian, Fernando Manuel of Peñafiel, married her to Henry, an illegitimate son of Alfonso XI. Inheritance and queenship In 1361, on the death of her niece Blanca, daughter of her brother Fernando Manuel who himself had died in c. 1350 without other children, she i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dobla
The dobla (plural: doblas), including ''dobla castellana'' (''excelente''), ''gran dobla'', ''dobla de la Banda'', ''dobla cruzada'', ''dobla alfonsi'' and ''dobla almohade'', was the name of various Iberian Peninsula, Iberian gold coins between the 11th and 16th centuries, ranging in value from 2-870 maravedis, depending on the year. The name originated as the "double maravedi" (hence ''"dobla"''), a term used by Castilians for the Muslim dinar, when the maravedí was re-valued as equivalent to the Muslim half-dinar, or masmudina, by Ferdinand III. However, years later, the ''dobla'' became various new coins, and at times, a ''dobla'' was the same as the newer coins ''enrique'' or ''castellano'' (but the ''dobla castellana'' became double their value in 1475). In general, a ''dobla'' was a valuable gold coin, while the ''maravedi'' was de-valued into silver (c. 1258) or rarely copper forms. In the 16th century, the dobla was replaced by the ducado, then by the escudo (in 1537) a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seville
Seville ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Spain, Spanish autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the Guadalquivir, River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Seville has a municipal population of about 701,000 , and a Seville metropolitan area, metropolitan population of about 1.5 million, making it the largest city in Andalusia and the List of metropolitan areas in Spain, fourth-largest city in Spain. Its old town, with an area of , contains a UNESCO World Heritage Site comprising three buildings: the Alcázar of Seville, Alcázar palace complex, the Seville Cathedral, Cathedral and the General Archive of the Indies. The Seville harbour, located about from the Atlantic Ocean, is the only river port in Spain. The capital of Andalusia features hot temperatures in the summer, with daily maximums routinely above in July and August. Seville was founded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Benedict XII
Pope Benedict XII (, , ; 1285 – 25 April 1342), born Jacques Fournier, was a cardinal and inquisitor, and later, head of the Catholic Church from 30 December 1334 to his death, in April 1342. He was the third Avignon pope and reformed monastic orders and opposed nepotism. Unable to remove his capital to Rome or Bologna, Benedict started the great palace at Avignon. He settled the beatific vision controversy of Pope John XXII with the bull ''Benedictus Deus'', which stated that souls may attain the "fullness of the beatific vision" before the Last Judgment. Despite many diplomatic attempts with Emperor Louis IV to resolve their differences, Benedict failed to bring the Holy Roman Empire back under papal dominance. He died 25 April 1342 and was buried in Avignon. Early life Jacques Fournier was born in Saverdun in the County of Foix around 1285. He joined the Cistercian Order and studied at the Collège des Bernardins at the University of Paris. In 1311 he was made Abbot of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter III Of Aragon
Peter III of Aragon (In Aragonese, ''Pero''; in Catalan, ''Pere''; in Italian, ''Pietro''; November 1285) was King of Aragon, King of Valencia (as ), and Count of Barcelona (as ) from 1276 to his death. At the invitation of some rebels, he conquered the Kingdom of Sicily and became King of Sicily (as ) in 1282, pressing the claim of his wife, Constance II of Sicily, uniting the kingdom to the crown. Youth and succession Peter was the eldest son of James I of Aragon and his second wife Violant of Hungary. On 13 June 1262, Peter married Constance II of Sicily, daughter and heiress of Manfred of Sicily. During his youth and early adulthood, Peter gained a great deal of military experience in his father's wars of the ''Reconquista'' against the Moors. In June 1275, Peter besieged, captured, and executed his rebellious half-brother Fernando Sánchez de Castro at Pomar de Cinca. On his father's death in 1276, the lands of the Crown of Aragon were divided amongst his two sons. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Évora
Évora ( , ), officially the Very Noble and Ever Loyal City of Évora (), is a city and a municipalities of Portugal, municipality in Portugal. It has 53,591 inhabitants (2021), in an area of . It is the historic capital of the Alentejo region and serves as the seat of the Évora District. Due to its well-preserved old town centre, still partially enclosed by medieval walls, and many monuments dating from various historical periods, including a Roman Temple of Évora, Roman Temple, Évora is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Due to its inland position, Évora is one of Portugal's hottest cities in the summer, frequently subject to heatwaves. Évora is ranked number two in the Portuguese most livable cities survey of quality of life, living conditions published yearly by ''Expresso (newspaper), Expresso''. It was ranked first in a study concerning competitiveness of the Districts of Portugal, 18 Portuguese district capitals, according to a 2006 study made by University of Minho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afonso IV Of Portugal
Afonso IVEnglish: ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', or ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese), ''Alfonso'' or ''Alphonso'' ( Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' (Latin). (; 8 February 129128 May 1357), called the Brave (), was King of Portugal from 1325 until his death in 1357. He was the only legitimate son of King Denis of Portugal and Elizabeth of Aragon. Early life Afonso, born in Lisbon, was the rightful heir to the Portuguese throne. However, he was not Denis' favourite son, even nearly beginning conflict against him. Instead, the old king preferred his illegitimate son, Afonso Sanches. The notorious rivalry between the half-brothers led to civil war several times. On 7 January 1325, Afonso IV's father died and he became king, whereupon he exiled his rival, Afonso Sanches, to Castile, and stripped him of all the lands and fiefdom given by their father. From Castile, Afonso Sanches orchestrated a series of attempts to usurp the crown. After a few failed attempts at invasion, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Of Portugal, Queen Of Castile
Maria of Portugal () (9 February 1313 – 18 January 1357) was a Portuguese princess who became Queen consort of Castile, Queen of Castile upon her marriage to Alfonso XI in 1328. She was the eldest daughter of King Afonso IV of Portugal and his wife Beatrice of Castile (1293–1359), Beatrice of Castile. Life In 1328, Maria married Alfonso XI of Castile. As part of the dower, King Alfonso gave her Guadalajara (España), Guadalajara, Talavera de la Reina and Olmedo, Valladolid, Olmedo. The relationship between Maria and Alfonso was unhappy: Alfonso had a relationship with Eleanor de Guzmán, Leonor de Guzmán who gave him ten children, including the future King Henry II of Castile. Maria did not participate in the affairs of the court, being replaced by the royal mistress, and it is quite likely that she spent long periods secluded at the Royal Monastery of San Clemente in Seville. In 1335, Maria returned to her father in Évora, who demanded that Alfonso separated from L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Castilian Consorts
This is a list of the queens consort and kings consort of the Kingdom of Castile, and later, Crown of Castile. ''It is, in part, a continuation of the list of Asturian royal consorts and the list of Leonese royal consorts''. Countesses Banu Mamaduna Banu Ansúrez Banu Mamaduna Queens and Kings House of Jiménez House of Ivrea House of Trastámara House of Habsburg At 1556, the union of the Spanish kingdoms is generally called Spain and Mary I of England (second wife of Philip II) is listed as the first Queen consort of Spain. See also *List of Castilian monarchs *List of Aragonese consorts * List of Asturian consorts *List of Galician consorts * List of Hispanic consorts * List of Leonese consorts *List of Navarrese consorts *List of Spanish consorts This is a list of the women who were queen consort, queens as wives of List of Spanish monarchs, Spanish monarchs from the 16th century, when Spain was unified, until present. Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cád ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan De Castilla Y Haro
''Juan'' is a given name, the Spanish and Manx versions of ''John''. The name is of Hebrew origin and has the meaning "God has been gracious." It is very common in Spain and in other Spanish-speaking countries around the world and in the Philippines, and also in the Isle of Man (pronounced differently). The name is becoming popular around the world and can be pronounced differently according that region. In Spanish, the diminutive form (equivalent to ''Johnny'') is , with feminine form (comparable to ''Jane'', ''Joan'', or ''Joanna'') , and feminine diminutive (equivalent to ''Janet'', ''Janey'', ''Joanie'', etc.). Chinese terms * ( or 娟, 隽) 'beautiful, graceful' is a common given name for Chinese women. * () The Chinese character 卷, which in Mandarin is almost homophonic with the characters for the female name, is a division of a traditional Chinese manuscript or book and can be translated as 'fascicle', 'scroll', 'chapter', or 'volume'. Notable people * Juan (fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
