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Conoidea (unassigned)
Conoidea is a superfamily of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the suborder Hypsogastropoda. This superfamily is a very large group of marine mollusks, estimated at about 340 recent valid genera and subgenera, and considered by one authority to contain 4,000 named living species. This superfamily includes the turrids, the terebras (also known as auger snails or auger shells) and the cones or cone snails. The phylogenetic relationships within this superfamily are poorly established. Several families (especially the Turridae), subfamilies and genera are thought to be polyphyletic. In contrast to Puillandre's estimate, Bandyopadhyay et al. (2008) estimated that the superfamily Conoidea contains about 10,000 species. Tucker (2004) even speaks of 11,350 species in the group of taxa commonly referred to as turrids.Tucker, J.K. 2004 ''Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda).'' Zootaxa 682:1–1295. 3000 recent taxa are potentially valid speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Californiconus Californicus
''Californiconus californicus'', common name the Californian cone, is a species of small, predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Conidae, the cone snails. As both the Latin name and common name suggest, this cone is found in California. Distribution and habitat This small cone snail is unusual, in that most cone snail species are tropical, whereas this species lives in the cooler, temperate waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean, including most of the coast of California.Stewart J. & Gilly W. F. (October 2005). "Piscivorous Behavior of a Temperate Cone Snail, ''Conus californicus''". ''Biological Bulletin'' 209: 146–153full text The range of this species is from the Farallon Islands near San Francisco to Bahia Magdalena, in Baja California, Mexico This cone is found in both rocky and sandy areas, in the intertidal zone, and subtidally down to 30 meters depth Shell description This shell is distinguished by its grayish-brown color and thick periostracum. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistic
Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics (synapomorphies'')'' that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a ' grade', which are fruitless to precisely delineate, especially when including extinct species. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphology (biology)
Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. This includes aspects of the outward appearance ( shape, structure, colour, pattern, size), i.e. external morphology (or eidonomy), as well as the form and structure of the internal parts like bones and organs, i.e. internal morphology (or anatomy). This is in contrast to physiology, which deals primarily with function. Morphology is a branch of life science dealing with the study of gross structure of an organism or taxon and its component parts. History The etymology of the word "morphology" is from the Ancient Greek (), meaning "form", and (), meaning "word, study, research". While the concept of form in biology, opposed to function, dates back to Aristotle (see Aristotle's biology), the field of morphology was developed by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1790) and independently by the German anatomist and physiologist Karl Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radula
The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus. The radula is unique to the molluscs, and is found in every class of mollusc except the bivalves, which instead use cilia, waving filaments that bring minute organisms to the mouth. Within the gastropods, the radula is used in feeding by both herbivorous and carnivorous snails and slugs. The arrangement of teeth ( denticles) on the radular ribbon varies considerably from one group to another. In most of the more ancient lineages of gastropods, the radula is used to graze, by scraping diatoms and other microscopic algae off rock surfaces and other substrates. Predatory marine snails such as the Naticidae use the radula plus an acidic secretion to bore through the shell of other molluscs. Other predatory marine sn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strictispiridae
Strictispiridae is a taxonomic family of small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...s in the superfamily Conoidea, the cone snails and their allies.MolluscaBase (2018). Strictispiridae McLean, 1971. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=390989 on 2018-07-22 This family has no subfamilies. Since 2018, this family has been included in the family Pseudomelatomidae. Genera Genera in the family Strictispiridae used to include: *''Cleospira'' McLean, 1971 ** ''Cleospira bicolor'' (Sowerby I, 1834) ** ''Cleospira ochsneri'' (Hertlein & Strong, 1949) * ''Strictispira'' McLean, 1971McLean (1971). ''Veliger'' 14: 125. ** † ''Strictispira acurugata'' (Dal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomelatomidae
Pseudomelatomidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropods included in the superfamily Conoidea (previously Conacea) and part of the Neogastropoda ( Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). In 1995 Kantor elevated the subfamily Pseudomelatominae to the status of family Pseudomelatomidae. In 2011 Bouchet, Kantor ''et al''. moved the Crassispirinae and Zonulispirinae and numerous genera of snails loosely called turrid snails (which at that point had been placed in the family Conidae) and placed them in the family Pseudomelatomidae. This was based on a cladistical analysis of shell morphology, radular characteristics, anatomical characters, and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene fragments. Genera Genera within the family Pseudomelatomidae include: * '' Abyssocomitas'' Sysoev & Kantor, 1986 * '' Aguilaria'' Taylor & Wells, 1994 * ''Anticomitas'' Powell, 1942 * '' Antimelatoma'' Powell, 1942 * '' Antiplanes'' Dall, 1902 * '' Benthodaphne'' Oyama, 1962 * † ''Boreo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drilliidae
The Drilliidae are a taxonomic family of small predatory sea snails with high-spired shells. They are classified as marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. This family has no subfamilies. It consists of about 30 genera and approximately 500 Recent species. Description The shell is claviform with a tall spire, or squatly conical to biconical. In many species, the siphonal canal is truncated. The aperture is U-shaped with a parietal callus pad. The sculpture of the shell shows prominent axial ribs with a polished surface. Most species have a dorsal varix (transverse elevation), except in the genera '' Cymatosyrinx'', '' Elaeocyma'' and '' Splendrillia''. The protoconch can be smooth or very carinate. The ovate operculum has a terminal nucleus. The radula of the species in this family have characteristically five teeth in each row (formula : 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1) with a vestigial central tooth, comb-like lateral teeth and a pair of flat-pointed, slender marginal teet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raphitominae
Raphitominae was a subfamily of small to quite large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. Bouchet, Kantor ''et al''. elevated in 2011 the subfamily Raphitominae (which at that point had been placed in the family Conidae) to the rank of family. This was based on a cladistical analysis of shell morphology, radular characteristics, anatomical characters, and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene fragments. Genera Genera within the subfamily Raphitominae used to include: * '' Acrobela'' Thiele, 1925 * ''Buccinaria'' Kittl, 1887 * '' Daphnella'' Hinds, 1844 * ''Gymnobela'' Verrill, 1884 * '' Homotoma'' Bellardi, 1875 * ''Kermia'' Oliver, 1915 * ''Leufroyia'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Pleurotomella'' Verrill, 1872 * '' Raphitoma'' Bellardi, 1848 * ''Taranis'' Jeffreys, 1870 * ''Thatcheria ''Thatcheria'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae. Description (Original description) The solid shell is angu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oenopotinae
Oenopotinae is a subfamily of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conidae.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.) (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". '' Malacologia'' 47(1-2). . 397 pp. This subfamily was introduced by Bogdanov in 1987. In 2014 this subfamily has been included in the family Mangeliidae Description The Oenopotinae are characterized by a thin, elongate-ovate to fusiform shell in the form of a tall spire with a size between 4.7mm and 24.5 mm. They show a present, vestigial or absent operculum and a shallow or inconspicuous sinus. This outer lip (labrum) is thin. The axial ribs are dominant in the sculpture of the shell. The toxoglossate radula has a weak basal ribbon and relatively short marginal teeth with solid base. The tooth cavity opens laterally between the shaft and the base. Genera This is a list of the accepted names of genera in the subfamily Mangeliinae : (the main reference for recent sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mangeliinae
Mangeliidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized, predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. Bouchet, P. (2011). Mangeliidae P. Fischer, 1883. In: MolluscaBase (2016). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=153853 on 2017-02-23Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.) (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". ''Malacologia'' 47(1-2). . 397 pp. Prior to 2011, both the subfamilies Mangeliinae and Oenopotinae had been placed in the family Conidae. In 2011, Bouchet, Kantor ''et al'' merged the two subfamilies into one taxon, which they elevated to the rank of family. This was based on anatomical characters and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene fragments. Mangeliidae is a sister- clade to the family Raphitomidae As with their relatives in the family Conidae, species in the family Mangelidae use potent venoms to catch their prey. Through this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conorbiinae
Conorbiinae was a subfamily of small to quite large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conidae.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.) (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". ''Malacologia'' 47(1-2). . 397 pp. This subfamily has also been written by several authors as "Conorbinae". ( and was a long time considered a subfamily of the Turridae. Bouchet, Kantor ''et al''. elevated in 2011 the subfamily Conorbiinae to the rank of family Conorbidae. This was based on anatomical characters ( radular tooth and shell characters) and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene fragments Genera Genera in the subfamily Conorbiinae include : *''Benthofascis'' Iredale, 1936 *''Conorbis ''Conorbis'' is an extinct genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conorbidae. This genus was formerly classified in the family Conidae by Vredenburg (1921) in the clade Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002) and in the subfamil ...'' Swainson ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clathurellinae
Clathurellinae was a subfamily of small to quite large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conidae.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.) (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". '' Malacologia'' 47(1-2). . 397 pp. In 2011 this subfamily was split into three new families: Borsoniidae, Mitromorphidae and Clathurellidae Genera Genera in the subfamily Clathurellinae used to include:WoRMS (2010). Clathurellinae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=153873 on 2010-04-01 The following list is maintained for historical reasons. *''Abyssothauma'' *''Anarithma'' Iredale, 1916 *''Aphanitoma'' Bellardi, 1875 (now in Borsoniidae) *''Arielia'' Shasky, 1961 *''Asthenotoma'' Harris & Burrows, 1891 (now in Borsoniidae) *''Austroturris'' Laseron, 1954 (now in Borsoniidae) *''Bathytoma'' Harris & Burrows, 1891 (n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
