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Complesso Ospedaliero San Giovanni - Addolorata
The Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni Addolorata in Rome (Italy) is one of the largest hospitals in central Italy; the current administrative designation refers to one of the largest and oldest hospitals in the city, commonly designated as San Giovanni hospital. History The ''Confraternita del SS. Salvatore'' The hospital of San Giovanni originates from the "Archconfraternity of the Holy Savior" (''Arciconfraternita del Santissimo Salvatore''), established to ensure protection and homage to the ''Acheiropoieta, acheropoieton'' of the Saviour kept in the Sancta Sanctorum (Lateran, Rome), Sancta Sanctorum. Even before the 13th century "twelve optimate and principal gentlemen of Rome, called ''Ostiarii'', ''Porters'' or ''Recommended by the Holy Savior'' were established to guard it perpetually". The membership in the congregation – which also dealt with the administration of the assets, that were given to charity to fund the charitable works on behalf of the holy image – soon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lateran Obelisk
The Lateran Obelisk (; ) is the largest standing ancient Egyptian obelisk in the world, and it is also the tallest obelisk in Italy. It originally weighed , but after collapsing and being re-erected shorter, now weighs around . It is located in Rome, in the square across from the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran and the San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital. The obelisk was made around 1400 BC in Karnak, Egypt, during the reigns of Pharaohs Thutmose III and Thutmose IV. Roman Emperor Constantine I had it moved to Alexandria in the early 4th centuryAD, then Constantius II in AD357 had it shipped to Rome and erected at the Circus Maximus. The obelisk collapsed sometime after the Circus's abandonment in the 5th century and was buried under mud. It was dug up and restored in the late 1580s, and by the order of Pope Sixtus V was topped with a Christian cross and installed in its present location near the Lateran Palace. History Originally, the obelisk was created by Pharaoh Thutm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giulio (coin)
The Giulio was a papal coin with a value of 2 grossi. History The name came from Pope Julius II (r. 1503-13) who had increased it in weight and intrinsic in 1504. By order of 20 July 1504 the Pope established: "".Martinori (1915) The (or '' carlini'') were then reformed and changed their name to ''giuli'', so as to distinguish them from the previous ones. They contained an abundant 4 grams of silver. Their value thus became one third higher than the pontifical ''carlino''. A few years later, in 1508, the silver content had already fallen below 4 grams. In 1535 there was a further reduction to 3.65 grams. The first minting of Julius II bore the papal arms on the obverse and the saints Peter and Paul on the reverse. In 1540 Paul III coined the coins with 3.85 grams of fine which took the name of '' paoli''. The name of ''giulio'' was also used by other papal mints and some Italian ones. The papal ''giulio'' of Bologna was forged in Masserano by a Fieschi before 1597. This coi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cesare Borgia
Cesare Borgia (13 September 1475 – 12 March 1507) was a Cardinal (Catholic Church)#Cardinal_deacons, cardinal deacon and later an Italians, Italian ''condottieri, condottiero''. He was the illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI of the Aragonese people, Aragonese House of Borgia and was a sibling to Lucrezia Borgia. After initially entering the Church and becoming a cardinal on his father's election to the papacy, he resigned his diaconal profession after the death of his brother in 1498. He was employed as a ''condottiero'' for King Louis XII of France around 1500, and occupied both Milan and Naples during the Italian Wars. At the same time, he carved out a state for himself in Central Italy, but he was unable to retain power for long after his father's death. His quest for political power was a major inspiration for ''The Prince'' by the renowned Florence, Florentine historian, Niccolò Machiavelli. Early life Like many aspects of Cesare Borgia's life, the date of his birth i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Nibby
Antonio Nibby (October 4, 1792 at Rome – December 29, 1839 at Rome) was an Italian archaeologist and topographer. Nibby was a critic of the history of ancient art and from 1812 in service to the Vatican worked to excavate the monuments of Rome. He also served as a secretary to Louis Bonaparte, Count of Saint-Leu. He was a professor of archaeology in the University of Rome and in the French Academy in Rome. For a few years Nibby worked together with the British archaeologist William Gell and together they published a study on the walls of Rome in 1820. They had plans of publishing a study on the topography of the Roman Campagna, but they ended up publishing separately. Nibby excavated in the area of the Forum Romanum A forum (Latin: ''forum'', "public place outdoors", : ''fora''; English : either ''fora'' or ''forums'') was a public square in a municipium, or any civitas, of Ancient Rome reserved primarily for the vending of goods; i.e., a marketplace, along ... from 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vannozza Dei Cattanei
Giovanna "Vannozza" (dei) Cattanei (13 July 1442 – 24 November 1518) was an Italian woman who was the chief mistress of Cardinal Rodrigo de Borgia, later to become Pope Alexander VI, and mother of four of his children: Cesare, Giovanni, Lucrezia, and Goffredo, all publicly recognised by their father. Early life Little is known about Vannozza's early life. What is certain is that she was born on 13 July 1442 to parents of Lombard origin (almost certainly from Mantua). From documents of the time it is understood that her mother was named Menica and that in 1483, already elderly, she was the widow of a certain Jacopo Cattanei, a painter by profession and of minor nobility, who was probably the brother or brother-in-law of Andrea da Brescia, a marble worker. According to some historians, she was born in Rome, even if some diarists of the time defined her as "the furrier of Mantua", as Vannozza probably grew up in a family of Lombard painters, marble workers, engineers and d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael (archangel)
Michael, also called Saint Michael the Archangel, Archangel Michael and Saint Michael the Taxiarch is an archangel and the warrior of God in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. The earliest surviving mentions of his name are in third- and second-century BC Jewish works, often but not always apocalyptic, where he is the chief of the angels and archangels, and he is the guardian prince of Israel and is responsible for the care of the Israelites, people of Biblical Israel, Israel. Christianity conserved nearly all the Jewish traditions concerning him, and he is mentioned explicitly in Revelation 12:7–12, where he does battle with Satan, and in the Epistle of Jude, where the archangel and the devil dispute over the body of Moses. Old Testament and Apocrypha The Book of Enoch lists him as one of seven archangels (the remaining names are Uriel, Raguel (angel), Raguel, Raphael (archangel), Raphael, Sariel, Gabriel, and Remiel), who, in the Book of Tobit, “stand ready and ente ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Colonna (died 1245)
Giovanni Colonna (died 28 January 1245) was a Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal of the Catholic Church. Giovanni was a member of the Rome, Roman noble family of Colonna family, Colonna. His father was Oddone di Pietro Colonna, a member of the entourage of the Emperor Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry VI in 1195.Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri (2005)"Giovanni Colonna" in '. Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. His brothers were Landolfo, Oddone and Giordano. His date of birth is unknown. His first appearance in the surviving record is from 1203. He bore the title ''magister'', but nothing is known of his education. He acquired a benefice in England sometime before becoming a cardinal. He later added more, being on good terms with Kings John, King of England, John and Henry III of England, Henry III. Colonna was made the cardinal deacon of Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio in May 1206 by Pope Innocent III. He was not prominent under Innocent III and worked mostly in the Roman cu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santi Andrea E Bartolomeo (Rome)
Santi Andrea e Bartolomeo is a Catholic church in Rome (Italy), in the ''Rione'' Monti, on Via Santo Stefano Rotondo. History Of very ancient origins, its history is linked to that of the hospital of San Giovanni. The primitive church was built on the family home of Pope Honorius I (who died in 638), together with the monastery, as recalled in the biography of Pope Adrian I: «''monasterium ss. Andreae et Bartholomaei, quod appellatur Honorii papae''». During the 14th century the church was completely renovated, then rebuilt between 1630 and 1636 by Giacomo Mola under the pontificate of Urban VIII and finally transformed in eighteenth-century style in 1728, when the facade – which incorporates a fifteenth-century portal – was completed. Description The church is almost triangular in shape; the Cosmatesque floor was created by the guardians of the Archconfraternity of the Holy Savior, Marco Diotaiuti and Giovanni Bonadies, in 1462. It has only one altar at the bottom of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Honorius I
Pope Honorius I (died 12 October 638) was the bishop of Rome from 27 October 625 to his death on 12 October 638. He was active in spreading Christianity among Anglo-Saxons and attempted to convince the Celts to calculate Easter in the Roman fashion. He is chiefly remembered for his correspondence with Patriarch Sergius I of Constantinople over the latter's monothelite teachings. Honorius was posthumously anathematized, initially for subscribing to monothelitism, and later only for failing to end it. The anathema against Honorius I became one of the central arguments against the doctrine of papal infallibility. Early life Honorius was a rich aristocrat who came from Campania. His father was the consul Petronius. Nothing is known about Honorius I's career before he became pope on 27 October 625. He was consecrated only two days after the death of his predecessor, Boniface V. The vacancy was short probably because of the presence in Rome of Isaac the Armenian, who was emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Julius II
Pope Julius II (; ; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 144321 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death, in February 1513. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope, the Battle Pope or the Fearsome Pope, it is often speculated that he had chosen his papal name not in honor of Pope Julius I but in emulation of Julius Caesar. One of the most powerful and influential popes, Julius II was a central figure of the High Renaissance and left a significant cultural and political legacy. As a result of his policies during the Italian Wars, the Papal States increased their power and centralization, and the office of the papacy continued to be crucial, diplomatically and politically, during the entirety of the 16th century in Italy and Europe. In 1506, Julius II established the Vatican Museums and initiated the rebuilding of the St. Peter's Basilica. The same year he organized the famous Swiss Guard for his personal protection and commanded a su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papal Legate
300px, A woodcut showing Henry II of England greeting the Pope's legate. A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title '' legatus'') is a personal representative of the Pope to foreign nations, to some other part of the Catholic Church, or to representatives of a state or monarchy. A legate is empowered in matters of Catholic faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters. The legate is appointed directly by the Pope—the Bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. Hence a legate is usually sent to a government, to a sovereign, to a large body of believers (such as a national church), or to take charge of a major religious effort, such as an ecumenical council, a crusade to the Holy Land, or even against a heresy such as the Cathars. The term ''legation'' is applied both to a legate's mandate and to the territory concerned (such as a state, or an ecclesiastical province). The relevant adjective is ''legatine''. History 200px, Cardinal Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
