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Comisiones Obreras
The Workers' Commissions () since the 1970s has become the largest trade union in Spain. It has more than one million members, and is the most successful union in labor elections, competing with the Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT), which is historically affiliated with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), and with the anarcho-syndicalist Confederación General del Trabajo (CGT), which is usually a distant third. The CCOO were organized in the 1960s by the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) and workers' Roman Catholic groups to fight against Francoist Spain, and for labor rights (in opposition to the non-representative "vertical unions" in the Spanish Labour Organization). The various organizations formed a single entity after a 1976 Congress in Barcelona. Along with other unions like the Unión Sindical Obrera (USO) and the UGT, it called a general strike in 1976, and carried out protests against the conditions in the country. Marcelino Camacho, a major figure of Span ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Trade Union Confederation
The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC; ; ; ) is the world's largest trade union federation. History The federation was formed on 1 November 2006 out of the merger of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) and the World Confederation of Labour (WCL). The Founding Congress of the ITUC was held in Vienna and was preceded by the dissolution congresses of both the ICFTU and the WCL. The ITUC has three main regional organizations: the ITUC-Asia Pacific, Asia-Pacific Regional Organization, the Trade Union Confederation of the Americas, and the ITUC-Africa, African Regional Organisation. The Trade Union Development Cooperation Network (TUDCN) is an initiative of the ITUC whose main objective is to bring the trade union perspective into international development policy debates and improve the coordination and effectiveness of trade union development cooperation activities. The ITUC represents 207 million workers through its 331 affiliated organizatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unión Sindical Obrera
The Unión Sindical Obrera (USO) is a Spanish trade union. Founded as a clandestine organization in 1961—during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco—the union was an outgrowth of Roman Catholic organizations dedicated to Catholic social teaching, particularly on the dignity of work. Influenced by the French Democratic Confederation of Labour (CFDT), which also had Catholic roots but was by that time drifting away from any formal relation to the church, USO declared itself from the outset to be secular and socialist. Like the CFDT, after 1968 USO advocated ''autogestion'' (workers' self-management).Sonia Ramos González, «Unión Sindical Obrera: nacidos para desaparecer» (2014), Ruiz de Aloza (Granada), in Spanish. ''passim.'' After the Spanish transition to democracy, the group split, with one faction uniting to the Unión General de Trabajadores (historically affiliated with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party or PSOE), another joining the Workers' Commissions ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sindicato Vertical
The Spanish Syndical Organization (; OSE), popularly known in Spain as the (the "Vertical Trade Union"), was the sole legal trade union for most of the Francoist dictatorship. A public-law entity created in 1940, the vertically-structured OSE was a core part of the project for frameworking the Economy and the State in Francoist Spain, following the trend of the new type of "harmonicist" and corporatist understanding of labour relations vouching for worker–employer collaboration developed in totalitarian regimes such as those of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the first half of the 20th century. Up until the early 1950s, it internally worked—at least on a rhetorical basis—according to the discourse of national syndicalism. Previous unions, like the anarchist CNT and the socialist UGT, were outlawed and driven underground, and joining the OSE was mandatory for all employed citizens. It was disbanded in 1977. History The OSE was founded in 1940, established in a Januar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francoism
Francoist Spain (), also known as the Francoist dictatorship (), or Nationalist Spain () was the period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spain transitioned into a democracy. During Franco's rule, Spain was officially known as the Spanish State (). The informal term "Fascist Spain" is also used, especially before and during World War II. During its existence, the nature of the regime evolved and changed. Months after the start of the Civil War in July 1936, Franco emerged as the dominant rebel military leader and he was proclaimed head of state on 1 October 1936, ruling a dictatorship over the territory which was controlled by the Nationalist faction. The 1937 Unification Decree, which merged all of the parties which supported the rebel side, led to Nationalist Spain becoming a single-party regime under the FET y de las JONS. The end of the Civil War in 1939 brou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bizkaia
Biscay ( ; ; ), is a province of the Basque Autonomous Community, heir of the ancient Lordship of Biscay, lying on the south shore of the eponymous bay. The capital and largest city is Bilbao. Biscay is one of the most renowned and prosperous provinces of Spain, historically a major trading hub in the Atlantic Ocean since medieval times and, later on, one of the largest industrial and financial centers of the Iberian Peninsula. Since the extensive deindustrialization that took place throughout the 1970s, the economy has come to rely more on the services sector. Etymology It is accepted in linguistics ( Koldo Mitxelena, etc.) that ''Bizkaia'' is a cognate of ''bizkar'' (cf. Biscarrosse in Aquitaine), with both place-name variants well attested in the whole Basque Country and out meaning 'low ridge' or 'prominence' (''Iheldo bizchaya'' attested in 1141 for the Monte Igueldo in San Sebastián). Names ''Bizkaia'' ''Bizkaia'' is the official name, and it is used on offici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gipuzkoa
Gipuzkoa ( , ; ; ) is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the autonomous community of the Basque Country. Its capital city is Donostia-San Sebastián. Gipuzkoa shares borders with the French department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques at the northeast, with the province and autonomous community of Navarre at east, Biscay at west, Álava at southwest and the Bay of Biscay to its north. It is located at the easternmost extreme of the Cantabric Sea, in the Bay of Biscay. It has of coastline. With a total area of , Gipuzkoa is the smallest province of Spain. The province has 89 municipalities and a population of 720,592 inhabitants (2018), from which more than half live in the Donostia-San Sebastián metropolitan area. Apart from the capital, other important cities are Irun, Errenteria, Zarautz, Mondragón, Eibar, Hondarribia, Oñati, Tolosa, Beasain and Pasaia. Gipuzkoa is the province of the Basque Country in which the Basque language is the most ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basque Country (autonomous Community)
The Basque Country or Basque Autonomous Community (), also officially called Euskadi (), is an Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in northern Spain. It includes the Basque provinces of Álava, Araba, Biscay, Bizkaia, and Gipuzkoa. It surrounds two enclaves called Treviño enclave, Treviño (Province of Burgos, Burgos) and Valle de Villaverde (Cantabria). The Basque Country was granted the status of ''Nationalities and regions of Spain, nationality'', attributed by the Spanish Constitution of 1978. The autonomous community is based on the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country, a foundational legal document providing the framework for the development of the Basque people on Southern Basque Country. Parallelly, Navarre, which narrowly rejected a joint statute of autonomy in 1932, was granted a separate chartered statute in 1982. Currently there is no official capital in the autonomous community, but the city of Vitoria-Gasteiz, in the province of Álava, is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalonia
Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationalities and regions of Spain, nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006, Statute of Autonomy. Most of its territory (except the Val d'Aran) is situated on the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, to the south of the Pyrenees mountain range. Catalonia is administratively divided into four Provinces of Spain, provinces or eight Vegueries of Catalonia, ''vegueries'' (regions), which are in turn divided into 43 Comarques of Catalonia, ''comarques''. The capital and largest city, Barcelona, is the second-most populous Municipalities in Spain, municipality in Spain and the fifth-most populous List of metropolitan areas in Europe, urban area in the European Union. > > > ''Catalonia'' theoretically derived. During the Middle Ages, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine chroniclers claimed that ''Catalania'' derives from the local medley of Goths with Alans, initially constituting a ''Goth-Alania''. Othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asturies
Asturias (; ; ) officially the Principality of Asturias, is an autonomous community in northwest Spain. It is coextensive with the province of Asturias and contains some of the territory that was part of the larger Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages. Divided into eight ''comarcas'' (counties), the autonomous community of Asturias is bordered by Cantabria to the east, by León (Castile and León) to the south, by Lugo ( Galicia) to the west, and by the Cantabrian Sea to the north. Asturias is situated in a mountainous setting with vast greenery and lush vegetation, making it part of Green Spain. The region has a maritime climate. It receives plenty of annual rainfall and little sunshine by Spanish standards and has very moderate seasons, most often averaging in the lower 20s Celsius. Heat waves are rare due to mountains blocking southerly winds. Winters are very mild for the latitude, especially near sea level. The most important cities are the communal capital, Oviedo, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oposición Sindical Obrera
Oposición Sindical Obrera ("Working Class Union Opposition", abbreviated OSO) was a clandestine trade union movement in Spain. OSO was originally tied to the Communist Party of Spain (PCE). Many of its members participated in '' vertical union'' elections of 1963 in order to infiltrate the official regime union, including Marcelino Camacho. OSO is considered the precedent for the Workers' Commissions (CCOO). In the mid 60's the PCE abandoned the OSO in favour of the more successful CCOO. When the PCE abandoned the organization the PCE (m-l), a 1964 maoist split of the PCE took over the OSO and transformed it in its affiliated union. OSO disappeared in 1977 when it was transformed in the Asociación Obrera Asambleista (AOA).Laiz, Consuelo (1994). La izquierda radical en España durante la transición a la democracia'. Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid. pp. 63–225. . References * Wilhelmi Casanova, Gonzalo (2014). Izquierda revolucionaria y movimientos sociales en l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish General Election, 1977
A general election was held in Spain on Wednesday, 15 June 1977, to elect the members of the Spanish . All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as all 207 seats in the Senate. It was the first free election held in Spain since 1936, prior to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. It was called by Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez as part of the political reform of the Francoist regime, ongoing since shortly after Francisco Franco's death in 1975 and promoted by his successor, King Juan Carlos I. Its aim was to elect a Constituent Cortes that was to draft a new constitution, which would ultimately lead to the repealing of the Fundamental Laws of the Realm and the culmination of the country's transition to democracy. The Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD), the electoral alliance created to serve as Suárez's political platform in government, emerged as the largest political force overall, albeit 11 seats short of an absolute majority. The electi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congress Of Deputies (Spain)
The Congress of Deputies () is the lower house of the , Spain's legislative branch, the upper house being the Senate. The Congress meets in the Palace of the Parliament () in Madrid. Congress has 350 members elected from fifty-two constituencies (the fifty provinces and two autonomous cities) using closed list D'Hondt proportional representation. Deputies serve four-year terms. The presiding officer and speaker is the President of the Congress of Deputies, who is elected by the members at the first sitting of Congress after an election. The two principal bodies in Congress are parliamentary groups and parliamentary committees (). All MPs are required to be members of a parliamentary group, the institutionalised form of political parties. Groups act with one voice represented by their spokesperson. In other words, the Spanish Parliament is a parliament of groups, not individual MPs who are constrained to act only as part of the group. MPs can only act autonomously when sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
