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Column Still
A column still, also called a continuous still, patent still or Coffey still, is a variety of still consisting of two columns. Column stills can produce rectified spirit (95% alcohol by volume, ABV). Description The first column (called the analyzer) in a column still has steam rising and Wash (distilling), wash descending through several levels. The second column (called the rectifier) carries the Ethanol, alcohol from the wash, where it circulates until it can condense at the required strength. A column still is an example of a fractional distillation, in that it yields a narrow fraction of the distillable components. This technique is frequently employed in chemical synthesis; in this case, the component of the still responsible for the separation is a fractionating column. A continuous still can, as its name suggests, sustain a constant process of distillation. This, along with the ability to produce a higher concentration of alcohol in the final distillate, is its main adv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calvados (brandy)
Calvados (, , ) is a brandy from Normandy in France, made from apples and/or pears. History In France Apple orchards and brewers are mentioned as far back as the 8th century by Charlemagne. The first known record of Norman distillation was made by squire Gilles de Gouberville in 1553, and the guild for cider distillation was created about 50 years later in 1606. In the 17th century, the traditional cider farms expanded, but taxation and prohibition of cider brandies were enforced elsewhere than Brittany, Maine, and Normandy. The area called "Calvados" was created after the French Revolution, but ''eau de vie de cidre'' was already called ''calvados'' in common usage. In the 19th century, output increased with industrial distillation and the working class fashion for ''café-calva''. When a phylloxera outbreak in the last quarter of the 19th century devastated the vineyards of France and Europe, Calvados experienced a golden age. During World War I, cider brandy was requisiti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pot Still
A pot still is a type of distillation apparatus or still used to distill liquors such as whisky or brandy. In modern (post-1850s) practice, they are not used to produce rectified spirit, because they do not separate congeners from ethanol as effectively as other distillation methods. Pot stills operate on a batch distillation basis (in contrast to column stills, which operate on a continuous basis). Traditionally constructed from copper, pot stills are made in a range of shapes and sizes depending on the quantity and style of spirit desired. Spirits distilled in pot stills top out between 60 and 80 percent alcohol by volume (ABV) after multiple distillations. Because of this relatively low level of ABV concentration, spirits produced by a pot still retain more of the flavour from the wash than distillation practices that reach higher ethanol concentrations. Under European law and various trade agreements, cognac (a protected term for a variety of brandy produced in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coffey Still
Coffey may refer to: People * Coffey (surname) Coffey (, ) is an Irish surname, from the Gaelic Irish Ó Cobhthaigh. Ó Cobhthaigh was the name of an Irish people, Irish Brehon family from County Westmeath and County Longford. They were known as the chief ollamhs or filí of Uisneach, where ther ... * Coffey Anderson (born 1978), American singer and songwriter Places * Coffey, Missouri * Coffey County, Kansas ** Coffey County Airport, an airport in Burlington, Kansas * Coffey Stadium, a stadium in Fairfax, Virginia Other uses * Tetra Tech Coffey, formerly Coffey International * Coffey the Dog, an Australian shepherd in the 2012 German children's film ''Famous Five'' See also * Justice Coffey (other) * * Coffee (other) * Coffie, a surname * Cofie, a surname {{disambiguation, given name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trinity College Dublin
Trinity College Dublin (), officially titled The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin, and legally incorporated as Trinity College, the University of Dublin (TCD), is the sole constituent college of the University of Dublin in the Republic of Ireland. Founded by Queen Elizabeth I in 1592 through a royal charter, it is one of the extant seven "ancient university, ancient universities" of Great Britain and Ireland. Trinity contributed to Irish literature during the Georgian era, Georgian and Victorian era, Victorian eras, and areas of the natural sciences and medicine. Trinity was established to consolidate the rule of the Tudor dynasty, Tudor monarchy in Ireland, with Provost (education), Provost Adam Loftus (bishop), Adam Loftus christening it after Trinity College, Cambridge. Built on the site of the former Priory of All Hallows demolished by King Henry VIII, it was the Protestant university of the Protestant Ascendancy, Ascendancy ruling eli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aeneas Coffey
Aeneas Coffey (1780–1852) was an Irish inventor and distiller. Biography Coffey was born in 1780. While his birthplace is disputed, some sources indicate he was born in Ireland, likely in County Dublin or County Wicklow, while others suggest Calais, France, to Irish parents. He studied at Trinity College Dublin, and joined the excise service around 1799–1800 as a gauger. In 1808, he married Susanna Logie, and they had three sons: Aeneas, William, and Philip. Customs and excise career Coffey served as sub-commissioner of Inland Excise and Taxes for Drogheda from 1813. He became Surveyor of Excise for Clonmel and Wicklow in 1815, then for Cork in 1816. By 1818, he was Acting Inspector General of Excise for Ireland, eventually becoming Inspector General in Dublin by 1820. He advocated for action against illegal distillers and smugglers, particularly in County Donegal and western Ireland, where moonshining was prevalent. Between 1820 and 1824, he provided evidence to P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cameron Bridge
Cameron Bridge is a village in the conurbation of Levenmouth in Fife, Scotland. It is near to the village of Windygates and west of the town of Leven. A distillery was established in the 19th century by the Haig family, which is now part of Diageo. The distillery produces Scotch whisky. History and locality It is a settlement at a bridge over the River Leven, which replaced a ford there. When Leven was flooded it was the first upstream crossing. In 1870, an earlier bridge was replaced with a new one. The River Ore joins the Leven a little upstream of the village. Transport There is a railway station in Cameron Bridge, which opened in June 2024 as part of the Levenmouth rail link. There was previously a station at Cameron Bridge around west of the current station, which shut in 1969. The Cameronbridge Grain Distillery Cameronbridge Grain Distillery is currently the largest of the remaining grain distilleries in Scotland and is owned by Diageo Diageo plc ( ) is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuel Efficiency
Fuel efficiency (or fuel economy) is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the ratio of effort to result of a process that converts chemical energy, chemical potential energy contained in a carrier (fuel) into kinetic energy or Mechanical work, work. Overall fuel efficiency may vary per device, which in turn may vary per application, and this spectrum of variance is often illustrated as a continuous energy profile. Non-transportation applications, such as Industrial sector, industry, benefit from increased fuel efficiency, especially fossil fuel power plants or industries dealing with combustion, such as ammonia production during the Haber process. In the context of transport, fuel economy is the energy efficiency in transportation, energy efficiency of a particular vehicle, given as a ratio of distance traveled per unit of Motor fuel, fuel consumed. It is dependent on several factors including engine efficiency, transmission (mechanics), transmission design, and tire design. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean‐Édouard Adam
Edward Adam (11 October 1768 – 11 November 1807Place Édouard Adam publié le 18 juin 2016 sur le site de l'associatio sudbabote.fr (consulté le 2 novembre 2018)) was a French who, beginning in 1800 while studying at , invented various modifications to improve [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career of Napoleon, a series of military campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815. He led the French First Republic, French Republic as French Consulate, First Consul from 1799 to 1804, then ruled the First French Empire, French Empire as Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1814, and briefly again in 1815. He was King of Italy, King of Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic), Italy from 1805 to 1814 and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine from 1806 to 1813. Born on the island of Corsica to a family of Italian origin, Napoleon moved to mainland France in 1779 and was commissioned as an officer in the French Royal Army in 1785. He supported the French Rev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zeolite
Zeolites are a group of several microporous, crystalline aluminosilicate minerals commonly used as commercial adsorbents and catalysts. They mainly consist of silicon, aluminium, oxygen, and have the general formula ･y where is either a metal ion or H+. The term was originally coined in 1756 by Swedish mineralogist Axel Fredrik Cronstedt, who observed that rapidly heating a material, believed to have been stilbite, produced large amounts of steam from water that had been adsorbed by the material. Based on this, he called the material ''zeolite'', from the Greek , meaning "to boil" and , meaning "stone". Zeolites occur naturally, but are also produced industrially on a large scale. , 253 unique zeolite frameworks have been identified, and over 40 naturally occurring zeolite frameworks are known. Every new zeolite structure that is obtained is examined by the International Zeolite Association Structure Commission (IZA-SC) and receives a three-letter designation. Character ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Sieve
A molecular sieve is a material with pores of uniform size comparable to that of individual molecules, linking the interior of the solid to its exterior. These materials embody the molecular sieve effect, in which molecules larger than the pores are preferentially sieved, allowing for the selective adsorption of specific compounds based on their molecular size. Many kinds of materials exhibit some molecular sieves, but zeolites dominate the field. Zeolites are almost always aluminosilicates, or variants where some or all of the Si or Al centers are replaced by similarly charged elements. Sieving process The diameters of the pores that comprise molecular sieves are similar in size to small molecules. Large molecules cannot enter or be adsorbed, while smaller molecules can. As a mixture of molecules migrates through the stationary bed of porous, semi-solid substance referred to as a sieve (or matrix), the components of the highest molecular weight (which are unable to pass int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
