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Colombian Communist Party
The Colombian Communist Party (, PCC) is a legal communist party in Colombia. It was founded in 1930 as the Communist Party of Colombia, at which point it was the Colombian section of the Comintern. The party is led by Jaime Caycedo and publishes a weekly newspaper named ''Voz''. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) was founded as the armed wing of the PCC in 1964, but the two organisations separated in 1993. History The Communist Party of Colombia was established in 1930 as the Colombian branch of the Comintern. The party pushed for improved conditions for Colombian laborers and an expansion of rights for the lower classes in Colombian society. Through the PCC, groups of laborers organized to combat the regulations and actions of the government and empowered corporations. These groups, known as "peasant leagues", established an interconnected network that coordinated protests and labor strikes, countered state-sanctioned violence, and sought to protect local ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaime Caycedo
Jaime Caycedo Turriago (born 24 September 1944, Cali) is an anthropologist and Colombian politician. He was the General Secretary of the Colombian Communist Party (PCC) from 1994 until December 2022, when he assumed the newly created position of the party's President. Caycedo is a regular contributor to '' Semanario Voz'', the PCC's newspaper, and is a member of the Editorial Board of the '' Contexto Latinoamericano'' magazine. Education Caycedo studied anthropology at the National University of Colombia where he was a student leader in the 1970s as part of the Colombian Communist Youth (JUCO), of which he was once General Secretary. Later associated to the university as a professor, he openly participated in faculty unionization efforts there. Political career Colombian Communist Party Involved with the PCC since the 1980s, Caycedo was a promoter of the Patriotic Union Party during the peace process of the era, which prompted numerous threats and attacks against him. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Violencia
''La Violencia'' (, The Violence) was a ten-year civil war in Colombia from 1948 to 1958, between the Colombian Conservative Party and the Colombian Liberal Party, mainly fought in the countryside. ''La Violencia'' is considered to have begun with the assassination on 9 April 1948 of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, a Liberal Party presidential candidate and frontrunner for the 1949 November election. His murder provoked the '' Bogotazo'' rioting, which lasted ten hours and resulted in around 5,000 casualties. An alternative historiography proposes the Conservative Party's return to power following the election of 1946 to be the cause. Rural town police and political leaders encouraged Conservative-supporting peasants to seize the agricultural lands of Liberal-supporting peasants, which provoked peasant-to-peasant violence throughout Colombia. ''La Violencia'' is estimated to have killed at least 200,000 people, almost 1 in 50 Colombians. Development The ''La Violencia'' conflic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Labour (Colombia)
The Ministry of Labour () is the national executive ministry of Colombia in charge of formulating, implementing, and orienting labour policy and labour relations to stimulate job growth through job creation programs. It is also in charge of labour rights, pensions, and occupational safety and health Occupational safety and health (OSH) or occupational health and safety (OHS) is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at work (i.e., while performing duties required by one's occupation). OSH is re ... in Colombia.The post of Minister of Labour in Colombia is held by Gloria Inés Ramírez. References Colombia, Labour {{Colombia-gov-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gloria Inés Ramírez
Gloria Inés Ramírez Rios (born 8 June 1956) is a Colombian trade unionist, professor, and politician who served as Minister of Labor from 2022 to 2025. A member of the Colombian Communist Party, Ramírez resigned from her position as Minister of Labor in February 2025. She previously served as a Senator from 2006 to 2014. Born in Filadelfia, Caldas, Ramírez served as president of the Colombian Federation of Educators. She was a member of the Workers Central Union. Early life She was born on 8 June 1956, in Filadelfia, Caldas. She has a degree in physics and mathematics from the Technological University of Pereira. In her life as an educator, she has performed her role in mostly public institutions, which led her to see the reality of the country in which she lived: the conditions in which the classes were taught, the state of health of the children, the infrastructure of campuses, etc. From a very young age she was linked to the left, thus militating in the Colombian C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustavo Petro
Gustavo Francisco Petro Urrego (; born 19 April 1960) is a Colombian politician who is the 34th and current president of Colombia since 2022. Upon inauguration, he became the Pink tide, first left-wing president in the History of Colombia, recent history of Colombia. At 17 years old, Petro joined the guerrilla group 19th of April Movement (M-19). Seventeen years later it evolved into the M-19 Democratic Alliance, a political party. Petro also served as a councilman in Zipaquirá. He was arrested in 1985 and tortured by the army for his affiliation with the M-19. After the peace process between the Colombian government and the M-19, he was released and then elected to the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia, Chamber of Representatives in the 1991 Colombian parliamentary election. Some years later, he was elected to the Colombian Senate as a member of the Alternative Democratic Pole (PDA) party following the 2006 Colombian parliamentary election, where he secured the second-larg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stasi Arbeitsgruppe Des Ministers S
The Minister's Working Group/"S" (AGM/S) (German: ''Arbeitsgruppe des Ministers Aufgabenbereich "S"'') was a special forces unit under Stasi The Ministry for State Security (, ; abbreviated MfS), commonly known as the (, an abbreviation of ), was the Intelligence agency, state security service and secret police of East Germany from 1950 to 1990. It was one of the most repressive pol ... control. Its known mission was to combat terrorism with military, police and intelligence methods. However, its real mission was to serve as a paramilitary stay-behind organization trained to operate behind enemy lines. Not much information is available as most documents related to the unit were destroyed by 1989. History The AGM/S was created in 1962, under the instruction of the East German Ministry of National Defence. From 1964 to 1984, around 3,500 personnel were reported to be recruited to the AGM/S. In 1972, the AGM/S was trained to conduct black ops missions in West Germany for sabot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stasi
The Ministry for State Security (, ; abbreviated MfS), commonly known as the (, an abbreviation of ), was the Intelligence agency, state security service and secret police of East Germany from 1950 to 1990. It was one of the most repressive police organisations in the world, infiltrating almost every aspect of life in East Germany, using torture, intimidation and a vast network of informants to crush dissent. The function of the Stasi in East Germany (the GDR) resembled that of the KGB in the Soviet Union, in that it served to maintain state authority and the position of the ruling party, in this case the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). This was accomplished primarily through the use of a network of civilian informants (called Unofficial collaborator, unofficial collaborators) who contributed to the arrest of approximately 250,000 people in East Germany. It also had a large elite paramilitary force, the Felix Dzerzhinsky Guards Regiment, that served as its armed wing. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Germany
East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from Foundation of East Germany, its formation on 7 October 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on 3 October 1990. Until 1989, it was generally viewed as a communist state and described itself as a Socialist state, socialist "workers' and peasants' state". The Economy of East Germany, economy of the country was Central planning, centrally planned and government-owned corporation, state-owned. Although the GDR had to pay substantial war reparations to the Soviets, its economy became the most successful in the Eastern Bloc. Before its establishment, the country's territory was administered and occupied by Soviet forces following the Berlin Declaration (1945), Berlin Declaration abolishing German sovereignty in World War II. The Potsdam Agreement established the Soviet occupation zone in Germany, Soviet-occupied zone, bounded on the east b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doi (identifier)
A digital object identifier (DOI) is a persistent identifier or handle used to uniquely identify various objects, standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). DOIs are an implementation of the Handle System; they also fit within the URI system (Uniform Resource Identifier). They are widely used to identify academic, professional, and government information, such as journal articles, research reports, data sets, and official publications. A DOI aims to resolve to its target, the information object to which the DOI refers. This is achieved by binding the DOI to metadata about the object, such as a URL where the object is located. Thus, by being actionable and interoperable, a DOI differs from ISBNs or ISRCs which are identifiers only. The DOI system uses the indecs Content Model to represent metadata. The DOI for a document remains fixed over the lifetime of the document, whereas its location and other metadata may change. Referring to an onl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Political Science Review
The ''American Political Science Review'' (''APSR'') is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all areas of political science. It is an official journal of the American Political Science Association and is published on their behalf by Cambridge University Press. APSR was established in 1906 and is the flagship journal in political science. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index, ''Current Contents'' / Social & Behavioral Sciences, International Bibliography of Periodical Literature, and the International Bibliography of Periodical Literature. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 3.316, ranking it 5th out of 165 journals in the category "Political Science". Editorial team The first three managing editors were W. W. Willoughby (1906–1916), John A. Fairlie (1917–1925), and Frederic A. Ogg (1926–1949). For the 2020–2024 term, the journal is co-le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Department Of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy of the United States, foreign policy and foreign relations of the United States, relations. Equivalent to the ministry of foreign affairs of other nations, its primary duties are advising the U.S. president on international relations, administering List of diplomatic missions of the United States, diplomatic missions, negotiating international treaties and agreements, protecting citizens abroad and representing the U.S. at the United Nations. The department is headquartered in the Harry S Truman Building, a few blocks from the White House, in the Foggy Bottom, Washington, D.C., Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C.; "Foggy Bottom" is thus sometimes used as a metonym. Established in 1789 as the first administrative arm of the U.S. executive branch, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
