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Collybia Brunneocephala
''Collybia brunneocephala'', also known as the brown blewit or brownit, is a species of gilled mushroom. Previously designated ''Clitocybe brunneocephala'', the brownit and its lavender-colored cousin ''Clitocybe nuda'' (the wood blewit) were reassigned to the genus '' Collybia'' in 2023. It is found in North America and edible but resembles some poisonous species. Taxonomy William Murrill originally described this species in 1913 as a '' Melanoleuca'', based on a specimen collected by R. A. Harper in Alameda County, California. However, based on the minimal information provided, it was not included in later descriptions of ''Clitocybe'' species. The brownit was rediscovered by David Arora in Santa Cruz County, California, in the 1970s, and Howard E. Bigelow formally redescribed it in his 1982 ''Clitocybe'' monograph using Arora's specimens. There was already a '' Clitocybe harperi'', so the Bigelow gave it a new name suggestive of its brown (''brunneo''-) head (-''cep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clitocybe Nuda
''Collybia nuda'', commonly known as the blewit or wood blewit and previously described as ''Lepista nuda'' and ''Clitocybe nuda'', is a species of fungi. Described by Pierre Bulliard in 1790, it was also known as ''Tricholoma nudum'' for many years. It was reassigned to the genus '' Collybia'' in 2023. The species is native to Europe and North America. It is found in both coniferous and deciduous woodlands. It has been cultivated in Britain, the Netherlands and France. It is a widely consumed edible mushroom. Taxonomy The French mycologist Pierre Bulliard described the wood blewit in his work ''Herbier de la France'' in 1790 as ''Agaricus nudus'', reporting that it was common in the woods all year. He wrote of two varieties: one whose gills and cap are initially light violet and mature to burgundy, while the other has wine-coloured gills that intensify in colour with age. He added that the first variety was often confused with ''Cortinarius violaceus'', though it has a "nude" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyly
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population), i.e. excludes non-descendants of that common ancestor # the grouping contains all the descendants of that common ancestor, without exception Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic'' grouping meets 1. but not 2., thus consisting of the descendants of a common ancestor, excepting one or more monophyletic subgroups. A ''polyphyletic'' grouping meets neither criterion, and instead serves to characterize convergent relationships of biological features rather than genetic relationships – for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, or aquatic insects. As such, these characteristic features of a polyphyletic grouping are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edible Mushroom
Edible mushrooms are the fleshy fruit bodies of numerous species of macrofungi (fungi that bear fruiting structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye). Edibility may be defined by criteria including the absence of poisonous effects on humans and desirable taste and aroma. Mushrooms that have a particularly desirable taste are described as "''choice''". Edible mushrooms are consumed for their nutritional and culinary value. Mushrooms, especially dried shiitake, are sources of umami flavor. To ensure safety, wild mushrooms must be correctly identified before their edibility can be assumed. Deadly poisonous mushrooms that are frequently confused with edible mushrooms include several species of the genus ''Amanita'', particularly '' A. phalloides'', the death cap. Some mushrooms that are edible for most people can cause allergic reactions in others; old or improperly stored specimens can go rancid and cause food poisoning. Additionally, mushrooms can absor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ten Speed Press
Ten Speed Press is a publishing house founded in Berkeley, California, in 1971 by Phil Wood. It was bought by Random House in February 2009 and became part of their Crown Publishing Group division. History Wood worked with Barnes & Noble in 1962, Penguin Books in 1965, and had a senior sales position at Penguin Books in Baltimore and New York before founding Ten Speed Press. Wood died of cancer in December 2010. Ten Speed's first book was ''Anybody's Bike Book'', which is still in print. It inspired the publisher's name and has sold more than a million copies. Ten Speed's all-time best-seller is '' What Color is Your Parachute? A Practical Manual for Job-Hunters and Career-Changers'' by Richard N. Bolles (1972). It has been reissued in new editions and, as of 2009, has sold more than ten million copies, translated into 20 languages. Ten Speed has published numerous other non-fiction titles, including '' Moosewood Cookbook'', '' White Trash Cooking,'' '' Why Cats Paint,'' ''Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monterey Cypress
''Hesperocyparis macrocarpa'' also known as ''Cupressus macrocarpa'', or the Monterey cypress is a coniferous tree, and is one of several species of cypress trees native to California. The Monterey cypress is found naturally only on the Central Coast of California. Due to being a glacial relict, the natural distributional range of the species during modern times is confined to two small relict populations near Carmel, California, at Cypress Point in Pebble Beach and at Point Lobos. Historically during the peak of the last ice age, Monterey cypress would have likely comprised a much larger forest that extended much further north and south.Axelrod, D. I. (1982)Age and origin of the Monterey endemic area.''Madroño'', ''29''(3), 127–147. Description ''Hesperocyparis macrocarpa'' is a medium-sized coniferous evergreen tree, which often becomes irregular and flat-topped as a result of the strong winds that are typical of its native area. It grows to heights of up to 40&nbs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fairy Ring
A fairy ring, also known as fairy circle, elf circle, elf ring or pixie ring, is a naturally occurring ring or arc of mushrooms. They are found mainly in forested areas, but also appear in grasslands or rangelands. Fairy rings are detectable by sporocarps (fungal spore pods) in rings or arcs, as well as by a necrotic zone (dead grass), or a ring of dark green grass. Fungus mycelium is present in the ring or arc underneath. The rings may grow to over in diameter, and they become stable over time as the fungus grows and seeks food underground. Fairy rings are the subject of much folklore and myth worldwide, particularly in Western Europe. They are alternately seen as hazardous or dangerous places linked with witches or the Devil, or as a sign of good fortune. Genesis The mycelium of a fungus growing in the ground absorbs nutrients by secretion of enzymes from the tips of the hyphae (thread-like branching filaments making up the mycelium). This breaks down larger molecules in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clitocybe Tarda
''Clitocybe tarda'' is a species of mushroom. A 1896 source opined that the mushroom should be called ''Clitopilus tardus''. The species is possibly a synonym of ''Lepista sordida''. The pinkish caps are wide and brownish closer to the center. The pale gills usually become more decurrent with age. The stalks are 2–6 cm long and 3–8 mm wide, sometimes with clusters of pale tomentum. The flesh is thin and brittle, and the cap tastes bitter. The spore print is pinkish. It resembles '' Laccaria'' sp., ''Collybia nuda'' and ''C. brunneocephala''. Clusters of this species can be found in areas that are used for agriculture or filled with grass. It can be found from July to November in southeastern North America, and October to December on the West Coast. It has been claimed as edible An edible item is any item that is safe for humans to eat. "Edible" is differentiated from " eatable" because it does not indicate how an item tastes, only whether it is fit to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collybia Nuda
''Collybia nuda'', commonly known as the blewit or wood blewit and previously described as ''Lepista nuda'' and ''Clitocybe nuda'', is a species of fungi. Described by Pierre Bulliard in 1790, it was also known as ''Tricholoma nudum'' for many years. It was reassigned to the genus '' Collybia'' in 2023. The species is native to Europe and North America. It is found in both coniferous and deciduous woodlands. It has been cultivated in Britain, the Netherlands and France. It is a widely consumed edible mushroom. Taxonomy The French mycologist Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard, Pierre Bulliard described the wood blewit in his work ''Herbier de la France'' in 1790 as ''Agaricus nudus'', reporting that it was common in the woods all year. He wrote of two varieties: one whose gills and cap are initially light violet and mature to burgundy, while the other has wine-coloured gills that intensify in colour with age. He added that the first variety was often confused with ''Cortina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entoloma Rhodopolium
''Entoloma rhodopolium'', commonly known as the wood pinkgill, is a species of poisonous mushroom found in Eurasia and associated with specimens found in North America. Taxonomy The taxonomy of this species is currently unclear, with forms identified in North America, which are not certainly the same species. An alternate scientific name seen is ''Rhodophyllus rhodopolius'', from Lucien Quélet's broader genus containing a larger subsection of pink-spored fungi, encompassing ''Entoloma'' in general. ''Entoloma nidorosum'', previously considered a separate species, is now classified as a variety of this fungus. Description The gray to tannish cap is up to wide and convex to umbonate. The gills are lighter are release a pinkish spore deposit. The whitish stem is up to 13 cm long and 2 cm thick. The flesh is firm and white, perhaps with a farinaceous scent. Toxicity The species is poisonous, causing serious gastrointestinal upset. Often mistaken for the edible mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entoloma Sericatum
''Entoloma'' is a genus of fungi in the order Agaricales. Called pinkgills in English, basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are typically agaricoid (gilled mushrooms), though a minority are gasteroid. All have salmon-pink basidiospores which colour the gills at maturity and are angular (polyhedral) under a microscope. The genus is large, with almost 2000 species worldwide. Most species are saprotrophic, but some are ectomycorrhizal, and a few are parasitic on other fungi. The type, ''Entoloma sinuatum'', is one of several ''Entoloma'' species that are poisonous, typically causing mild to severe gastrointestinal illness. Taxonomy History In 1838 the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries classified all pink-spored, gilled fungi into "tribes" or "subtribes", placing those with a ''Tricholoma''-like shape and gills attached to the stem into tribe ''Entoloma''. The small subtribe ''Leptonia'' had convex fleshy membranaceous caps, the subtribe ''Nolanea'' were slender fungi with bell-shaped cap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spore Print
300px, Making a spore print of the mushroom ''Volvariella volvacea'' shown in composite: (photo lower half) mushroom cap laid on white and dark paper; (photo upper half) cap removed after 24 hours showing warm orange ("tussock") color spore print. A 3.5-centimeter glass slide placed in middle allows for examination of spore characteristics under a microscope. The spore print is the powdery deposit obtained by allowing spores of a fungal fruit body to fall onto a surface underneath. It is an important diagnostic character in most handbooks for identifying mushrooms. It shows the colour of the mushroom spores if viewed en masse. Method A spore print is made by placing the spore-producing surface flat on a sheet of dark and white paper or on a sheet of clear, stiff plastic, which facilitates moving the spore print to a darker or lighter surface for improved contrast; for example, it is easier to determine whether the spore print is pure white or, rather, very slightly pigmented. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
