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Collor Government
The Collor government, also referred to as the Collor Era, was a period in Brazilian political history that began with the inauguration of President Fernando Collor de Mello on 15 March 1990, and ended with his resignation from the presidency on 29 December 1992. Fernando Collor was the first president Diretas Já, elected by the people since 1960, when Jânio Quadros won the last direct election for president before the beginning of the Military dictatorship in Brazil, Military Dictatorship. His removal from office on 2 October 1992, was a consequence of his Impeachment of Fernando Collor, impeachment proceedings the day before, followed by cassation. At the time, the national media also referred to the government by ' (English language, English: Republic of Alagoas). "It was synonymous for trouble. Journalists love labels, and that one seemed perfect", Ricardo Motta recalls. The Collor administration registered a 2.06% retraction in Gross domestic product, GDP and a 6.97% retra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1989 Brazilian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Brazil in 1989, with the first round on November 15 and a second round on December 17. They were the first direct presidential elections since 1960, the first to be held using a two-round system and the first to take place under the 1988 constitution, which followed two decades of authoritarian rule after the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état. The collapse of the military-imposed two-party system that pitted the right-wing authoritarian National Renewal Alliance (ARENA) against the catch-all Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) resulted in a wide array of new parties seeking to fill the political vacuum. President José Sarney of the PMDB, the MDB's successor, was ineligible to run. Sarney, who was elected Vice President on Tancredo Neves's ticket in the 1985 elections, had taken office due to Neves's death before his scheduled inauguration. Popular Governor of Alagoas Fernando Collor de Mello resigned from his position to mount a bid for the pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Per Capita Income
Per capita income (PCI) or average income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. In many countries, per capita income is determined using regular population surveys, such as the American Community Survey. This allows the calculation of per capita income for both the country as a whole and specific regions or demographic groups. However, comparing per capita income across different countries is often difficult, since methodologies, definitions and data quality can vary greatly. Since the 1990s, the OECD has conducted regular surveys among its 38 member countries using a standardized methodology and set of questions. Per capita income is often used to measure a sector's average income and compare the wealth of different populations. Per capita income is also often used to measure a country's standard of living. When used to compare income levels of different countries, it is usually expressed using a commonly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Cruzado Novo
The Cruzado Novo was the short-lived currency of Brazil between 15 January 1989 and 15 March 1990. It replaced the brazilian cruzado, cruzado in the rate of 1000 cruzados = 1 cruzado novo. It had the symbol \mathrm\!\!\!\Vert and the ISO 4217 code ''BRN''. In 1990, the cruzado novo was renamed the (third) Brazilian cruzeiro (1990–1993), cruzeiro. This currency was subdivided in 100 ''centavos''. The redenomination was the result of Plano Verão, which would become one of several heterodox plans in an attempt to stabilize the currency, and the path of redenomination was used to try to circumvent possible legal challenges due to rights established in the currency at that time, as happened in the Bresser Plan. The method of monetary redenomination would be used again in 1990, when Fernando Collor de Mello assumed the presidency, and this redenomination to cruzeiro was on par with this currency then in circulation, despite the even darker effects of such an economic plan. Unlike th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Cruzeiro (1990–1993)
The cruzeiro was the currency of Brazil between 1990 and 1993. It was the third iteration of a Brazilian currency named "cruzeiro", and replaced the cruzado novo at par. It was used until 1993, when it was replaced by the cruzeiro real at a rate of 1 cruzeiro real = 1000 cruzeiros. History In late 1989 and early 1990, inflation reached increasingly rampant levels, with monetary deterioration throwing most of the available resources into financial speculation. In an attempt to reduce this, President-elect Fernando Collor contacted President José Sarney, then at the end of his term and by mutual agreement, a bank holiday was announced from March 12 to 15. When President Collor took office, 80% of the amount deposited in the accounts, except for accounts that had a maximum value of 50,000 cruzados novos, had their value confiscated and frozen in the accounts for a period of 18 months, except in exceptional cases. The currency in circulation was renamed to Cruzeiro and due to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidency Of Sarney
A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. Although often the executive branch of government, and often personified by a single elected person who holds the office of "president", in practice, the presidency includes a much larger collective of people, such as chiefs of staff, advisers and other bureaucrats. Although often led by a single person, presidencies can also be of a collective nature, such as the presidency of the European Union is held on a rotating basis by the various national governments of the member states. Alternatively, the term presidency can also be applied to the governing authority of some churches, and may even refer to the holder of a non-governmental office of president in a corporation, business, charity, university, etc. or the institutional arrangement around them. For example, "the presidency of the Red Cross refused to support ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plano Collor
The Collor Plan (), is the name given to a collection of economic reforms and inflation-stabilization plans carried out in Brazil during the presidency of Fernando Collor de Mello, between 1990 and 1992. The plan was officially called ''New Brazil Plan'' (Portuguese: ''Plano Brasil Novo''), but it became closely associated with Collor himself, and "Plano Collor" became its de facto name. The Collor plan combined fiscal and trade liberalization with radical inflation stabilization measures.Welch, John H. Birch, Melissa. Smith, RusselECONOMICS: BRAZIL Library of Congress. December 30, 2004. Retrieved on September 8, 2007. The main inflation stabilization was coupled with an industrial and foreign trade reform program, the ''Industrial and Foreign Trade Policy'' (Portuguese: ''Política Industrial e de Comércio Exterior''), better known as PICE, and a privatization program dubbed the "National Privatization Program" (Portuguese: ''Programa Nacional de Desestatização''), better kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Institute Of Geography And Statistics
The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (; IBGE) is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil. IBGE performs a decennial national census; questionnaires account for information such as age, household income, literacy, education, occupation and hygiene levels. IBGE is a public institute created in 1936 under the name ''National Institute of Statistics''. Its founder and chief proponent was statistician Mário Augusto Teixeira de Freitas. The current name dates from 1938. Its headquarters are located in Rio de Janeiro, and its current president is Marcio Pochmann, replacing Eduardo Rios Neto. It was made a federal agency by Decree-Law No. 161 on February 13, 1967, and is linked to the Ministry of the Economy, inside the Secretariat of Planning, Budget and Management. Structure IBGE has a network of national research and dissemination components, comprising: * 27 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inflation
In economics, inflation is an increase in the average price of goods and services in terms of money. This increase is measured using a price index, typically a consumer price index (CPI). When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation corresponds to a reduction in the purchasing power of money. The opposite of CPI inflation is deflation, a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. The common measure of inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index. Changes in inflation are widely attributed to fluctuations in Real versus nominal value (economics), real demand for goods and services (also known as demand shocks, including changes in fiscal policy, fiscal or monetary policy), changes in available supplies such as during energy crisis, energy crises (also known as supply shocks), or changes in inflation expectations, which may be self-fulfilling. Moderat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Administrative Improbity
Administration may refer to: Management of organizations * Management, the act of directing people towards accomplishing a goal: the process of dealing with or controlling things or people. ** Administrative assistant, traditionally known as a secretary, or also known as an administrative officer, administrative support specialist, or management assistant: a person whose work consists of supporting management ** Administration (government), management in or of government, the management of public affairs; government. *** Administrative division, a term for an administrative region within a country that is created for the purpose of managing of land and the affairs of people. ** Academic administration, a branch of an academic institution responsible for the maintenance and supervision of the institution ** Arts administration, a field that concerns business operations around an art organization ** Business administration, the performance or management of business operations *** Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rouanet Law
The Rouanet Law is a Brazilian law, named after Sérgio Paulo Rouanet, whose role is providing monetary funds for use in art and culture, including the production of movies. It is intended to encourage cultural investments and its major highlight is the tax incentive policy that enables companies and citizens to deduct a portion of income tax. All projects must be approved by the Brazilian Ministry of Culture that examines technical feasibility of activities. Controversies Despite the pros, there is criticism against the law, which include the possibility of funds being misappropriated. Critics also argue that the Ministry, rather than directly investing in culture, began to let companies themselves decide which kind of culture deserved to be sponsored. The government's incentives to culture sums up to R$310 million (approximately US$82 million), in which R$30 million (U$8 million) goes to the National Arts Foundation and R$280 million (U$74 million) to the Rouanet Law, while ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sistema Único De Saúde
The ''Sistema Único de Saúde'' (, ''Unified Health System''), better known by the acronym SUS, is Brazil's publicly funded health care system. Created in 1990, the SUS is the largest government-run public health care system in the world, by number of beneficiaries/users (virtually 100% of the Brazilian population; 220 million people), land area coverage (3.3 million square miles), and affiliated network/number of treatment centers (over 50,000 clinics). The system is entirely free of any cost at the point of service for any person, including foreigners. The SUS provides services ranging from primary care to complex procedures and offers emergency care for people who suffer accidents through the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU). The Brazilian health system also provides free vaccines and medicines for people with various diseases (such as diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma, HIV and Alzheimer's), funds research in the area of epidemiology and monitors the quality of food ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
