|
Colina Group
The (), formally the Lima Detachment (), was a military anti-communist death squad created in Peru that was active from October 1991 until November 1992, during the administration of president Alberto Fujimori. The group committed several human rights abuses, including an eight-month period of 1991–1992 that saw a total of 34 people killed in the Barrios Altos massacre, the Santa massacre, the , and the La Cantuta massacre. Name In a declassified CIA document dated 1994 and published by the NSA, the names of the group include ''"El Equipito"'', ''"Grupo especial de inteligencia de aniquilación"("Special Annihilation Intelligence Group")'' or ''"Los Magníficos"''(''"The Magnificents"''). The names were provided by Mesmer Talledo and Clemente Alayo, who claimed to be part of the group (although in reality they were not). In reality, the group, because it was an intelligence unit, had no official name. The name was given by a member of the group in honor of infantry captain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Place Of Memory, Tolerance And Social Inclusion
The Place of Memory, Tolerance and Social Inclusion (Spanish: ''Lugar de la Memoria, la Tolerancia y la Inclusión Social'', LUM) is a museum in Lima, Peru, dedicated to the Peruvian internal conflict of the 1980s and 1990s. It opened in 2015 and is managed by the Ministry of Culture. The LUM seeks to memorialize the victims of the conflict and provide a forum where different viewpoints on the conflict can be discussed. History The Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission called for the creation of commemorative spaces in its 2003 report. In 2009 Germany offered Peru US$2 million to construct a memorial museum. President Alan García initially rejected this offer but ultimately accepted it, in the face of pressure from NGOs and political opponents, including Mario Vargas Llosa, then head of the museum planning committee.Arellano, FabiolaLugar de la Memoria, la Tolerancia y la Inclusión Social (LUM) ''Critical Reviews on Latin American Research Memory of the internal conflict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'' and changed its name in 1959, followed by a move to London. Along with its sister paper, ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust Limited. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of ''The Guardian'' in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of ''The Guardian'' free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for ''The Guardian'' the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in its journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK. The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lima
Lima ( ; ), founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (, Spanish for "City of Biblical Magi, Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean. The city is considered the political, cultural, financial and commercial center of Peru. Due to its geostrategic importance, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network has categorized it as a "beta" tier city. Jurisdictionally, the metropolis extends mainly within the province of Lima and in a smaller portion, to the west, within the Constitutional Province of Callao, where the seaport and the Jorge Chávez Airport are located. Both provinces have regional autonomy since 2002. The 2023 census projection indicates that the city of Lima has an estimated population of 10,092,000 inhabitants, making it the List of cities in the Americas b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callao
Callao () is a Peruvian seaside city and Regions of Peru, region on the Pacific Ocean in the Lima metropolitan area. Callao is Peru's chief seaport and home to its main airport, Jorge Chávez International Airport. Callao municipality consists of the whole Callao region, which is also coterminous with the province of Callao. Founded in 1537 by the Spaniards, the city has a long naval history as one of the main ports in Latin America and the Pacific, as it was one of vital Spanish towns during the Spanish America, colonial era. Historic Centre of Callao, Central Callao is about west of the Historic Center of Lima. History El Callao was founded by Spanish colonists in 1537, just two years after Lima (1535). The origin of its name is unknown; both Amerindian (particularly Yunga language (Peru), Yunga, or Coastal Peruvian) and Spanish sources are credited, but it is certain that it was known by that name since 1550. Other sources point to the similarity with the Portuguese wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimiro Montesinos
Vladimiro Lenin Ilich Montesinos Torres (; born May 20, 1945) is a Peruvian former intelligence officer and lawyer, most notorious for his role as the head of Peru's National Intelligence Service (SIN) during the presidency of Alberto Fujimori. Montesinos was widely regarded as the power behind the throne, often regarded as the true authority in the government, supported by the Peruvian Armed Forces. * * * * * Montesinos' career was marked by his deep connections with the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), through which he received substantial funding ostensibly for anti-terrorism efforts. His tenure saw numerous human rights abuses and corruption scandals. The " Vladi-videos," secretly recorded tapes showing Montesinos bribing officials, led to a national scandal in 2000. This exposure forced him to flee Peru and precipitated Fujimori's resignation. Investigations unveiled Montesinos' involvement in a wide range of illegal activities, including embezzlement, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Intelligence Service (Peru)
The National Intelligence Service ( or ) was an intelligence agency of the Government of Peru that existed from 1960 to 2001. It was headquartered at the Quiñones Building, the headquarters of the country's Ministry of Defence (Peru), Defence Ministry. History On January 26, 1961, President Manuel Prado Ugarteche created the National Intelligence Service (SIN) by Supreme Decree in a stage characterised by the triumph of the Cuban revolution, the phenomenon of unconventional war, and the process of recent modernisation carried out by the Peruvian Army. This was important in the Latin American cultural Cold War. During the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru, government of Juan Velasco Alvarado, the SIN was Soviet espionage in Peru, related to the KGB, the intelligence agency of the Soviet Union. Negotiations were held between the SIN and the KGB for the training of agents, exchange of intelligence and cooperation in security measures. The KGB assigned two operat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julio Salazar
General Julio Ronald Salazar Monroe (11 February 1935 – 8 May 2024) was a Peruvian military and intelligence officer who was the ''de jure'' chief of Peru's National Intelligence Service (SIN) during the early 1990s. During Salazar's tenure at the SIN, Vladimiro Montesinos acted as the '' de facto'' chief of the SIN and National Security Advisor. On 8 April 2008, Salazar was sentenced to 35 years in prison for his role in the La Cantuta Massacre, which was carried out by the Grupo Colina death squad A death squad is an armed group whose primary activity is carrying out extrajudicial killings, massacres, or enforced disappearances as part of political repression, genocide, ethnic cleansing, or revolutionary terror. Except in rare cases in w .... While still serving this sentence at Callao Naval Base (which also functions as a maximum-security prison), Salazar died on 8 May 2024, at the age of 89, while being treated for various illnesses, including cancer, at the i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santiago Martin Rivas
Santiago (, ; ), also known as Santiago de Chile (), is the capital city, capital and largest city of Chile and one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is located in the country's Chilean Central Valley, central valley and is the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which has a population of seven million, representing 40% of Chile's total population. Most of the city is situated between above mean sea level, above sea level. Founded in 1541 by the Spanish conquistador Pedro de Valdivia, Santiago has served as the capital city of Chile since colonial times. The city features a downtown core characterized by 19th-century neoclassical architecture and winding side streets with a mix of Art Deco, Gothic Revival, and other styles. Santiago's cityscape is defined by several Inselberg, standalone hills and the fast-flowing Mapocho River, which is lined by parks such as Parque Bicentenario, Parque Forestal, and Parque de la Familia. The Andes, Andes Mountains are visibl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jesús Sosa Saavedra
Jesus ( AD 30 or 33) was a Jewish preacher and religious leader who most Christians believe to be the incarnation of God and Muslims believe was a prophet. Jesus may also refer to: People Religious figures * Elymas Bar-Jesus, a Jew in the ''Acts of the Apostles'', chapter 13, who opposed the missionary Paul on Cyprus * Jesus Barabbas (Matthew 27:16–17 margin), pardoned criminal * Jesus Justus (Colossians 4:11), Christian in Rome mentioned by Paul Other people with the name * Jesus (name), as given name and surname, derived from the Latin name ''Iesus'' and the Greek ('). * Jesús Alou (1942–2023), Dominican baseball player * Jesús Alique (born 1962), Spanish politician * Jesus ben Ananias (died ), Jewish nationalist mentioned by Josephus * Jesus Ben Sira (), religious writer, author of the Book of Sirach * Jesus Borja (born 1948), Northern Mariana Islander politician and lawyer * Jesus Christ Allin or GG Allin (1956–1993), American punk rock musician * Jesús Gonzále ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alberto Fujimori's Arrest And Trial
In 2000, former Peruvian dictator and president Alberto Fujimori fled Peru during his incumbency and took refuge in Japan, following multiple criminal charges of corruption and human rights abuses filed by the Congress of the Republic of Peru against him. While in Japan he submitted his presidential resignation via fax. Peru's legislature refused to accept his resignation, instead voting on November 22, 2000 to remove Fujimori from office on the grounds that he was "permanently morally disabled". Peru had requested Fujimori's extradition from Japan, which was refused by the Japanese government due to Fujimori being a Japanese citizen, and Japanese laws stipulating against extraditing its citizens. In November, 2005, Fujimori was arrested by authorities in Santiago, Chile while visiting the country, following a arrest warrant by a Chilean judge on behalf of Peru. He was formally extradited to Peru around September, 2007 In December 2007, Fujimori was convicted of ordering an il ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inter-American Court Of Human Rights
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights (I/A Court H.R.) is an international court based in San José, Costa Rica. Together with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, it was formed by the American Convention on Human Rights, a human rights treaty ratified by members of the Organization of American States (OAS). Pursuant to American Convention, the Inter-American Court works with the Inter-American Commission to uphold and promote basic rights and freedoms. It has jurisdiction within around 20 of the 35 member states in the American continent that have taken steps to accede to its authority, the vast majority in Latin America. The court adjudicates claims of human rights violations by governments, and issues advisory opinions on interpretations of certain legal matters. Twenty-nine OAS members are also members of the wider-scale International Criminal Court. Purpose and functions The Organization of American States established the Court in 1979 to enforce and interp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judicial Review
Judicial review is a process under which a government's executive, legislative, or administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary. In a judicial review, a court may invalidate laws, acts, or governmental actions that are incompatible with a higher authority. For example, an executive decision may be invalidated for being unlawful, or a statute may be invalidated for violating the terms of a constitution. Judicial review is one of the checks and balances in the separation of powers—the power of the judiciary to supervise (judicial supervision) the legislative and executive branches when the latter exceed their authority. The doctrine varies between jurisdictions, so the procedure and scope of judicial review may differ between and within countries. The judiciary in United States has been described as having unusually strong powers of judicial review from a comparative perspective. General principles Judicial review can be understood in the context o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
