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Coleviroid
The Pospiviroidae are a ''incertae sedis'' family of ssRNA viroids with 5 genera and 39 species, including the first viroid to be discovered, PSTVd, which is part of genus Pospiviroid. Their secondary structure is key to their biological activity. The classification of this family is based on differences in the conserved central region sequence. ''Pospiviroidae'' replication occurs in an asymmetric fashion via host cell RNA polymerase, RNase, and RNA ligase. Its hosts are plants, specifically dicotyledons and some monocotyledons. The severity of the infection can vary from no effect to devastating and widespread damage to a population. This can also depend on the virus-host combination. Genome Members of the family Pospiviroidae have circular ssRNA of 246–375 nt. They assume rod-like or quasi-rod-like conformations containing a central conserved region (CCR) and a terminal conserved hairpin (TCH) or a terminal conserved region (TCR). The genome of viroids does not encode any ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viroid
Viroids are small single-stranded, circular RNAs that are infectious pathogens. Unlike viruses, they have no protein coating. All known viroids are inhabitants of angiosperms (flowering plants), and most cause diseases, whose respective economic importance to humans varies widely. A recent metatranscriptomics study suggests that the host diversity of viroids and viroid-like elements is broader than previously thought and that it would not be limited to plants, encompassing even the prokaryotes. The first discoveries of viroids in the 1970s triggered the historically third major extension of the biosphere—to include smaller lifelike entities—after the discoveries in 1675 by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (of the "subvisible" microorganisms) and in 1892–1898 by Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovsky and Martinus Beijerinck (of the "submicroscopic" viruses). The unique properties of viroids have been recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, in creating a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cocadviroid
The Pospiviroidae are a ''incertae sedis'' family of ssRNA viroids with 5 genera and 39 species, including the first viroid to be discovered, PSTVd, which is part of genus Pospiviroid. Their secondary structure is key to their biological activity. The classification of this family is based on differences in the conserved central region sequence. ''Pospiviroidae'' replication occurs in an asymmetric fashion via host cell RNA polymerase, RNase, and RNA ligase. Its hosts are plants, specifically dicotyledons and some monocotyledons. The severity of the infection can vary from no effect to devastating and widespread damage to a population. This can also depend on the virus-host combination. Genome Members of the family Pospiviroidae have circular ssRNA of 246–375 nt. They assume rod-like or quasi-rod-like conformations containing a central conserved region (CCR) and a terminal conserved hairpin (TCH) or a terminal conserved region (TCR). The genome of viroids does not encode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coleviroid
The Pospiviroidae are a ''incertae sedis'' family of ssRNA viroids with 5 genera and 39 species, including the first viroid to be discovered, PSTVd, which is part of genus Pospiviroid. Their secondary structure is key to their biological activity. The classification of this family is based on differences in the conserved central region sequence. ''Pospiviroidae'' replication occurs in an asymmetric fashion via host cell RNA polymerase, RNase, and RNA ligase. Its hosts are plants, specifically dicotyledons and some monocotyledons. The severity of the infection can vary from no effect to devastating and widespread damage to a population. This can also depend on the virus-host combination. Genome Members of the family Pospiviroidae have circular ssRNA of 246–375 nt. They assume rod-like or quasi-rod-like conformations containing a central conserved region (CCR) and a terminal conserved hairpin (TCH) or a terminal conserved region (TCR). The genome of viroids does not encode any ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apscaviroid Cvd-VII
Apscaviroid is a genus of ssRNA viroid Viroids are small single-stranded, circular RNAs that are infectious pathogens. Unlike viruses, they have no protein coating. All known viroids are inhabitants of angiosperms (flowering plants), and most cause diseases, whose respective eco ...s that belongs to the family '' Pospiviroidae''. Taxonomy References External linksICTV Report: ''Pospiviroidae'' Viroids Virus genera {{virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monomers
A monomer ( ; ''wikt:mono-, mono-'', "one" + ''wikt:-mer, -mer'', "part") is a molecule that can chemical reaction, react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or two- or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization. Classification Chemistry classifies monomers by type, and two broad classes based on the type of polymer they form. By type: * natural vs synthetic, e.g. glycine vs caprolactam, respectively * polar vs nonpolar, e.g. vinyl acetate vs ethylene, respectively * cyclic vs linear, e.g. ethylene oxide vs ethylene glycol, respectively By type of polymer they form: * those that participate in condensation polymerization * those that participate in addition polymerization Differing stoichiometry causes each class to create its respective form of polymer. : The polymerization of one kind of monomer gives a polymer#Monomers and repeat units, homopolymer. Many polymers are copolymers, meaning that they are derived from two diff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ligation (molecular Biology)
Ligation is the joining of two nucleotides, or two nucleic acid fragments, into a single polymeric chain through the action of an enzyme known as a ligase. The reaction involves the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl terminus of one nucleotide and the 5'-phosphoryl terminus of another nucleotide, which results in the two nucleotides being linked consecutively on a single strand. Ligation works in fundamentally the same way for both DNA and RNA. A cofactor is generally involved in the reaction, usually Adenosine triphosphate, ATP or Nicotinamide riboside, NAD+. Eukaryotic ligases belong to the ATP type, while the NAD+ type are found in bacteria (e.g. Escherichia coli, ''E. coli''). Ligation occurs naturally as part of numerous cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcription, splicing, and recombination, and is also an essential laboratory procedure in molecular cloning, whereby DNA fragments are joined to create recombinant DNA molecules (such a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apple Dimple Fruit Viroid
An apple is a round, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus'' spp.). Fruit trees of the orchard or domestic apple (''Malus domestica''), the most widely grown in the genus, are cultivated worldwide. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, ''Malus sieversii'', is still found. Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Eurasia before they were introduced to North America by European colonists. Apples have cultural significance in many mythologies (including Norse and Greek) and religions (such as Christianity in Europe). Apples grown from seeds tend to be very different from those of their parents, and the resultant fruit frequently lacks desired characteristics. For commercial purposes, including botanical evaluation, apple cultivars are propagated by clonal grafting onto rootstocks. Apple trees grown without rootstocks tend to be larger and much slower to fruit after planting. Rootstocks are used to control the speed of growth and the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apscaviroid Aclsvd
Apscaviroid is a genus of ssRNA viroid Viroids are small single-stranded, circular RNAs that are infectious pathogens. Unlike viruses, they have no protein coating. All known viroids are inhabitants of angiosperms (flowering plants), and most cause diseases, whose respective eco ...s that belongs to the family '' Pospiviroidae''. Taxonomy References External linksICTV Report: ''Pospiviroidae'' Viroids Virus genera {{virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oligomeric
In chemistry and biochemistry, an oligomer () is a molecule that consists of a few repeating units which could be derived, actually or conceptually, from smaller molecules, monomer, monomers.Quote: ''Oligomer molecule: A molecule of intermediate relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises a small plurality of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of lower relative molecular mass.'' The name is composed of Greek language, Greek elements ''wikt:oligo-, oligo-'', "a few" and ''wikt:-mer, -mer'', "parts". An adjective form is ''oligomeric''. The oligomer concept is contrasted to that of a polymer, which is usually understood to have a large number of units, possibly thousands or millions. However, there is no sharp distinction between these two concepts. One proposed criterion is whether the molecule's properties vary significantly with the removal of one or a few of the units. An oligomer with a specific number of units is referred t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
