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Col De Joux-Plane
Col de Joux Plane (el. 1691 m.) is a high mountain pass in the Alps in Haute-Savoie, France, linking Morzine with Samoëns. The climb has been featured several times in the Tour de France cycling race. Climb details *Starting from Samoëns, the Col de Joux Plane is 11.7 km long with an average gradient of 8.5% and a maximum gradient of 10%. *Starting from Morzine, the Col de Joux Plane is 10.9 km long with an average gradient of 6.5% and a maximum gradient of 11%. Tour de France Col de Joux Plane has been used a total of 13 times by the Tour de France since its debut in 1978. See also * List of highest paved roads in Europe * List of mountain passes#Europe, List of mountain passes Notes References External linksCol de Joux Plane profile from Samoens at climbbybike.com [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haute-Savoie
Haute-Savoie () is a Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regions of France, region of Southeastern France, bordering both Switzerland and Italy. Its Prefectures in France, prefecture is Annecy. To the north is Lake Geneva; to the south and southeast are Mont Blanc and the Aravis Range, Aravis mountain range. It holds its name from the Savoy historical region, as does the department of Savoie, located south of Haute-Savoie. In 2019, it had a population of 826,094.Populations légales 2019: 74 Haute-Savoie INSEE Its Subprefectures in France, subprefectures are Bonneville, Haute-Savoie, Bonneville, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois and Thonon-les-Bains. The French entrance to the Mont Blanc Tunnel into Italy is in Haute-Savoie. It is noted for winter sports; the first Winter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L'Alpe D'Huez
L'Alpe d'Huez () is a ski resort in Southeastern France at . It is a mountain pasture in the central French Western Alps, in the commune of Huez, which is part of the Isère department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It is part of the Grandes Rousses massif, over the Oisans, and is from Grenoble. The Alpe d'Huez resort is accessible from Grenoble by the , which runs along the Romanche Valley passing through the communes of Livet-et-Gavet and Le Bourg-d'Oisans as well as Haut-Oisans via the Col de Sarenne. Alpe d'Huez is known internationally as an iconic cycling venue, as it is used regularly in the Tour de France cycle race, including twice on the same day in 2013. In 2019, it became the site of the first Tomorrowland Winter festival. History The site of the Alpe has been permanently occupied since the Middle Ages. East of ''L'Alpe veti'', a medieval agglomeration had grown from the end of the 11th to the 14th century under the name of Brandes. It was composed of a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Anti-Doping Agency
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA; , AMA) is an international organization co-founded by the governments of over 140 nations along with the International Olympic Committee based in Canada to promote, coordinate, and monitor the fight against drugs in sports. The agency's key activities include scientific research, education, development of anti-doping capacities, and monitoring of the World Anti-Doping Code, whose provisions are enforced by the UNESCO International Convention Against Doping in Sport. The aims of the Council of Europe Anti-Doping Convention and the United States Anti-Doping Agency are also closely aligned with those of WADA. WADA is responsible for the World Anti-Doping Code, adopted by more than 650 sports organisations, including international sports federations, national anti-doping organisations, the IOC, and the International Paralympic Committee. History The World Anti-Doping Agency is a foundation created through a collective initiative led by the na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epitestosterone
Epitestosterone, or isotestosterone, also known as 17α-testosterone or as androst-4-en-17α-ol-3-one, is an endogenous steroid and an epimer of the androgen sex hormone testosterone. It is a weak competitive antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) and a potent 5α-reductase inhibitor. Structurally, epitestosterone differs from testosterone only in the configuration at the hydroxy-bearing carbon, C17. Epitestosterone is believed to form in a similar way to testosterone; a 1993 study found that around 50% of epitestosterone production in human males can be ascribed to the testis, although the exact pathway of its formation is still the subject of research. It has been shown to accumulate in mammary cyst fluid and in the prostate. Epitestosterone levels are typically highest in young males; however, by adulthood, most healthy males exhibit a testosterone to epitestosterone ratio (T/E ratio) of about 1:1. Society and culture Detection of athletic doping It has been shown that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Testosterone (medication)
Testosterone is a medication and naturally occurring testosterone, steroid hormone. It is used to treat male hypogonadism, gender dysphoria, and certain types of breast cancer. It may also be used to increase athletic ability in the form of doping in sport, doping. It is unclear if the use of testosterone for andropause, low levels due to aging is beneficial or harmful. Testosterone can be administered through several different routes, including Topical medication, topical gels or transdermal patch, patches, nasal sprays, subdermal implants, or Buccal administration, tablets dissolved inside the mouth. Testosterone therapy has been associated with improvements in Depression (mood), depressive symptoms (especially in Hypogonadism, hypogonadal men), increased exercise capacity and muscle strength in men with Heart failure, chronic heart failure, and Male contraceptive, male contraception effectiveness. Common side effects of testosterone include acne, swelling (medical), swel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Floyd Landis Doping Case
The Floyd Landis doping case was a Doping (sport), doping scandal that featured Floyd Landis, the initial winner of the 2006 Tour de France. After a meltdown in 2006 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 20#Stage 16, Stage 16, where he had lost ten minutes, Landis came back in 2006 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 20#Stage 17, Stage 17, riding solo and passing his whole team. However, a urine sample taken from Landis immediately after his Stage 17 win twice tested positive for banned synthetic testosterone (medication), testosterone as well as a ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone nearly three times the limit allowed by World Anti-Doping Agency rules. The Union Cycliste Internationale, International Cycling Union stripped him of his 2006 Tour title. Second place finisher Óscar Pereiro was officially declared the winner. The only previous Tour de France winner to be disqualified at the time was the 1904 Tour de France, 1904 Tour's winner, Maurice Garin; however, in the following y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne (; or ''Sant-Jian-de-Môrièna''; ) is a Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Savoie Departments of France, department, in the regions of France, region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (formerly Rhône-Alpes), in southeastern France. It lies in the Maurienne, the valley of the river Arc (Savoie), Arc. It was also an Episcopal See of Savoy during the Ancien Régime and again from 1825 to 1966. Its original name was simply Maurienne, or Moriana in Italian language, Italian and Latin. Geography Location Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne is located at the confluence of the Arc (Savoie), Arc, a river which has shaped the Maurienne Valley, and the which descends the Arves Valley (Col de la Croix de Fer). The neighbouring communes of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne are Saint-Julien-Mont-Denis, Jarrier, Hermillon, Villargondran, Albiez-le-Jeune, Albiez-Montrond, Saint-Pancrace, Savoie, Saint-Pancrace and Pontamafrey-Montpascal. Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne is close to Albertville ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2006 Tour De France
The 2006 Tour de France was the 93rd edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tour (cycling), Grand Tours. It took place between the 1st and the 23rd of July. It was won by Óscar Pereiro following the disqualification of Floyd Landis. Due to the United States Anti-Doping Agency announcing on August 24, 2012, that they had disqualified Lance Armstrong, a former teammate of Landis, from all of his results since August 1, 1998, including his seven Tour de France titles from 1999 to 2005, this is also the first Tour to have an overall winner since 1998. By terms of margin of victory the 2006 Tour was the Tour de France records and statistics#Smallest winning margin, 3rd closest of all time. The Tour began with a prologue in Strasbourg, on the French-German border, and ended on Sunday 23 July in Paris. The distance of the course (run counterclockwise around France) was . The race was the third fastest in average speed. Along the way, the cyclists passed through six diffe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2000 Tour De France
The 2000 Tour de France was a multiple stage bicycle race held from 1 to 23 July, and the 87th edition of the Tour de France. There was no overall winner following a vacating of results by the United States Anti-Doping Agency announcement on 24 August 2012 that they had disqualified Lance Armstrong from all his results since 1 August 1998, including his seven Tour de France wins from 1999 to 2005; the Union Cycliste Internationale confirmed the result. The Tour started with an individual time trial in Futuroscope (not an official prologue because it was longer than 8 km) and ended, traditionally, in Paris. The distance travelled was 3663 km (counter-clockwise around France). The Tour passed through Switzerland and Germany. Before the race started, there were several favourites: Armstrong, after his 1999 Tour de France victory; Jan Ullrich, having won the 1997 Tour de France, finishing second in the 1996 and 1998 tours, and not entering the 1999 Tour due to an injury; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Courchevel
Courchevel () is a French Alps ski resort located in the Tarentaise Valley. It is a part of Les Trois Vallées, the largest linked ski areas in the world. Courchevel also refers to the towns of Courchevel 1300 (Le Praz), Courchevel 1550, Courchevel 1650 (Moriond), and Courchevel 1850, which are named for their altitudes in metres. The resort centre of Courchevel is at 1,747 metres (5,732 ft). Sports events from the 1992 Winter Olympics and the 2023 World Ski Championships took place in Courchevel. The ski resort is considered exclusive, attracting wealthy clientele including royal families. It hosts one of the largest concentrations of 5-star ranking luxury hotels. Location Courchevel used to be part of the commune of Saint-Bon-Tarentaise but in 2017 it was merged with La Perrière into the new commune of Courchevel. In spite of the name, the commune's administrative offices are not located in Courchevel, but still in the nearby village of Saint-Bon-Tarentaise. Courch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1997 Tour De France
The 1997 Tour de France was the 84th edition of the Tour de France and took place from 5 to 27 July. Jan Ullrich's victory margin of 9:09 was the largest margin of victory since Laurent Fignon won the 1984 Tour de France by 10:32. Since 1997 no rider has had this convincing of a win with the closest margin to Ullrich's victory being Vincenzo Nibali winning the 2014 Tour de France with a gap of 7:39. Ullrich's simultaneous victories in both the general classification and the young rider classification in the Tour de France, young riders' classification marked the first time the same rider had won both categories in the same Tour since Laurent Fignon in 1983 Tour de France, 1983. The points classification in the Tour de France, points classification was won by Ullrich's teammate Erik Zabel, for the second time, and their team also won the team classification in the Tour de France, team classification. The mountains classification in the Tour de France, mountains classification was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1991 Tour De France
The 1991 Tour de France was the 78th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 6 to 28 July. The total race distance was 22 stages over . The race was won by Miguel Induráin, whose Banesto team also won the team classification in the Tour de France, team classification. The points classification in the Tour de France, points classification was won by Djamolidine Abdoujaparov, although he almost crashed out in the final stage. The mountains classification in the Tour de France, mountains classification was won by Claudio Chiappucci, and the young rider classification in the Tour de France, young rider classification by Álvaro Mejía (cyclist), Álvaro Mejía. Teams The 1991 Tour had a starting field of 22 teams of 9 cyclists. Sixteen teams qualified by being ranked in the top 16 of the FICP ranking for teams in May 1991. After the 1991 Giro d'Italia and the Critérium du Dauphiné, Dauphiné Libéré, the Tour organiser gave six additional Wild card (sports), wildcards. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
