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Codex Atlanticus
The Codex Atlanticus (Atlantic Codex) is a 12-volume, bound set of drawings and writings (in Italian) by Leonardo da Vinci, the largest single set. Its name indicates the large paper used to preserve original Leonardo notebook pages, which was used for atlases. It comprises 1,119 leaves dating from 1478 to 1519, the contents covering a great variety of subjects, from flight to weaponry to musical instruments and from mathematics to botany. This codex was gathered in the late 16th century by the sculptor Pompeo Leoni, who dismembered some of Leonardo's notebooks in its formation. It is now in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan. Description The Codex Atlanticus is the largest single collection of drawings and writings (in Italian) by polymath Leonardo da Vinci, containing 1,119 paper leaves (2,238 pages) arranged into 12 leather-bound volumes. Its size and scope has led art historian Carlo Pedretti to recognize it as the most important of Leonardo's manuscripts. The pages are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Biblioteca Ambrosiana
The Biblioteca Ambrosiana is a historic library in Milan, Italy, also housing the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, the Ambrosian art gallery. Named after Ambrose, the patron saint of Milan, it was founded in 1609 by Cardinal Federico Borromeo, whose agents scoured Western Europe and even Greece and Syria for books and manuscripts. Some major acquisitions of complete libraries were the manuscripts of the Benedictine monastery of Bobbio (1606) and the library of the Paduan Vincenzo Pinelli, whose more than 800 manuscripts filled 70 cases when they were sent to Milan and included the famous ''Iliad'', the '' Ilias Picta''. Background During his sojourns in Rome, 1585–95 and 1597–1601, Cardinal Borromeo envisioned developing a library in Milan as one open to scholars and that would serve as a bulwark of Catholic scholarship in the service of the Counter-Reformation against the treatises issuing from Protestant presses. The library's contents were assembled in the six preceding yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Florence
Florence ( ; ) is the capital city of the Italy, Italian region of Tuscany. It is also the most populated city in Tuscany, with 362,353 inhabitants, and 989,460 in Metropolitan City of Florence, its metropolitan province as of 2025. Florence was a centre of Middle Ages, medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era. It is considered by many academics to have been the birthplace of the Renaissance, becoming a major artistic, cultural, commercial, political, economic and financial center. During this time, Florence rose to a position of enormous influence in Italy, Europe, and beyond. Its turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful House of Medici, Medici family and numerous religious and republican revolutions. From 1865 to 1871 the city served as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. The Florentine dialect forms the base of Italian language, standard Italian and it became the language of culture throughout Italy due to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Basilian Monks
Basilian monks are Greek Catholic monks who follow the rule of Basil the Great, bishop of Caesarea (330–379). The term 'Basilian' is typically used only in the Catholic Church to distinguish Greek Catholic monks from other forms of monastic life in the Catholic Church. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, all monks follow the Rule of Saint Basil, and so do not distinguish themselves as 'Basilian'. The monastic rules and institutes of St. Basil are important because their reconstruction of monastic life remains the basis for most Eastern Orthodox and some Greek Catholic monasticism. Benedict of Nursia, who fulfilled much the same function in the West, took his ''Regula Benedicti'' from the writings of Basil and other earlier Church Fathers. Rule of St. Basil Under the name of Basilians are included all religious following the Rule of St. Basil. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Napoleonic Wars
{{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Napoleonic Wars , partof = the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars , image = Napoleonic Wars (revision).jpg , caption = Left to right, top to bottom:Battles of Battle of Austerlitz, Austerlitz, Fall of Berlin (1806), Berlin, Battle of Friedland, Friedland, Battle of Aspern-Essling, Aspern-Essling, French occupation of Moscow, Moscow, Battle of Leipzig, Leipzig and Battle of Paris (1814), Paris , date = {{start and end dates, 1803, 5, 18, 1815, 11, 20, df=yes({{Age in years, months, weeks and days, month1=05, day1=18, year1=1803, month2=11, day2=20, year2=1815) , place = Atlantic Ocean, Caucasus, Europe, French Guiana, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, West Indies, Ottoman Egypt, Egypt, East Indies. , result = Coalition victory , combatant1 = Coalition forces of the Napoleonic Wars, Coalition forces:{{flagcountry, United Kingdom of Great Britain and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Napoleonic Looting
Napoleonic looting of art () was a series of confiscations of artworks and precious objects carried out by the French Army or French officials in the conquered territories of the French First Republic, French Republic and First French Empire, Empire, including the Italian Peninsula, Spain, Portugal, the Low Countries, and Central Europe. The looting began around 1794 and continued through Napoleon, Napoleon I's rule of France, until the Congress of Vienna in 1815 ordered the restitution of the works. During the Napoleonic era, an unknown but immense quantity of art was acquired, destroyed, or lost through treaties, public auctions, and unsanctioned seizures. Coins and objects made of precious metals, such as the ''Jewel of Vicenza'' and the bucentaur, the Venetian state barge, were melted down for easier sale and transport, to finance French military wages. In the confusion, many artworks and manuscripts were lost in transit or broken into pieces, which were often never reunited, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career of Napoleon, a series of military campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815. He led the French First Republic, French Republic as French Consulate, First Consul from 1799 to 1804, then ruled the First French Empire, French Empire as Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1814, and briefly again in 1815. He was King of Italy, King of Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic), Italy from 1805 to 1814 and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine from 1806 to 1813. Born on the island of Corsica to a family of Italian origin, Napoleon moved to mainland France in 1779 and was commissioned as an officer in the French Royal Army in 1785. He supported the French Rev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Giovanni Magenta
Giovanni Magenta (; 1565–1635) was an Italian architect. He designed the cathedral of ''San Pietro'' at Bologna (1605). It was later modified by Alfonso Torreggiani (1765). He designed the church of ''San Salvatore ''in Bologna (1605–1623) and ''San Paolo'' (begun 1606). Leonardo's journals Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks were entrusted to his pupil and heir Francesco Melzi after Leonardo's death for publication. After Melzi's death in 1570, the collection passed to his son, the lawyer Orazio, who initially took little interest in the journals. In 1587, a Melzi household tutor named Lelio Gavardi took 13 of the manuscripts to Florence, intending to offer them to the grand duke of Tuscany. However, following Francesco I de' Medici's untimely death, Gavardi took them to Pisa to give to his relative Aldus Manutius the Younger; there, Magenta reproached Gavardi for having taken the manuscripts illicitly. Gavardi acknowledged his fault and asked Magenta, who had finished his stud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Aldus Manutius The Younger
Aldus Manutius, the Younger (; ; 13 February 1547 — 28 October 1597) was the grandson of Aldus Manutius and son of Paulus Manutius. He was the last member of the Manuzio family to be active in the Aldine Press that his grandfather founded. Life Early years Aldus was a precocious scholar. As early as 1557, when he was barely eleven, he published ''Eleganze della lingua Latina e toscana'', a rhetoric textbook reprinted several times and translated into French language, French (1557) and English language, English (1573). In 1561, at the age of fourteen, he published a work upon Latin spelling, ''Orthographiae Ratio'', whose second edition (1566) contains the earliest copy of an ancient Roman calendar written on marble and discovered in 1547 by his father Paolo in the Palace of Cardinal (Catholic Church), Cardinal Bernardino Maffei, known as the ''Fasti Maffeiani''. During a visit to his father at Rome in the next year, he specialized in the field of Latin epigraphy. In 1566, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Francesco I De' Medici
Francesco I (25 March 1541 – 19 October 1587) was the second Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 until his death in 1587. He was a member of the House of Medici. Biography Born in Florence, Francesco was the son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Eleanor of Toledo. He served as regent for his father Cosimo after he retired from his governing duties in 1564. Marriage to Joanna of Austria On 18 December 1565, Francesco married Archduchess Joanna of Austria, youngest daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and his wife Anne of Bohemia and Hungary. By all reports, it was not a happy marriage. Joanna was homesick for her native Austria, and Francesco was neither charming nor faithful. In 1578, Joanna died at the age of thirty-one, after falling down a flight of stairs while pregnant with their eighth child. Bianca Cappello Soon after Grand Duchess Joanna had died, Francesco went on to marry his Venetian mistress, Bianca Cappello, after aptly disp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Grand Duke Of Tuscany
Grand may refer to: People with the name * Grand (surname) * Grand L. Bush (born 1955), American actor Places * Grand, Oklahoma, USA * Grand, Vosges, village and commune in France with Gallo-Roman amphitheatre * Grand County (other), several places * Grand Geyser, Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone, USA * Le Grand, California, USA; census-designated place * Mount Grand, Brockville, New Zealand Arts, entertainment, and media * Grand (Erin McKeown album), ''Grand'' (Erin McKeown album), 2003 * Grand (Kane Brown song), "Grand" (Kane Brown song), 2022 * Grand (Matt and Kim album), ''Grand'' (Matt and Kim album), 2009 * Grand (magazine), ''Grand'' (magazine), a lifestyle magazine related to related to grandparents * Grand (TV series), ''Grand'' (TV series), American sitcom, 1990 * Grand Production, Serbian record label company Other uses * Great Recycling and Northern Development Canal, also known as GRAND Canal * Grand (slang), one thousand units of currency * Giant Radio Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Leonardo's Crossbow
Leonardo's crossbow designs are a series of shooting weapon schematics designed by Leonardo da Vinci that are in the ''Codex Atlanticus.'' One version, a self-spanning infantry weapon called the ''Rapid Fire Crossbow'' (''Balestra Veloce'' in Italian), is found on sheets 143r, 153r, and 155r. The other is the ''Giant Crossbow'' (''Balestra Gigante'' in Italian) design intended to be a mounted siege weapon found on sheet 149a in the Codex. The creation of the large design is linked to Ludovico Sforza, an Italian prince in the Renaissance era. Given the constant warfare in the Italian peninsula at the time, he wanted to expand and advance both his military and the territory he governed in the Milan region. To do so, he wanted to update the contemporary treatise on military engineering by Roberto Valturio. Leonardo responded by writing Sforza a letter that included a number of innovative machine designs with one of them being the ''Giant Crossbow.'' Leonardo also highlighted in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Museo Nazionale Della Scienza E Della Tecnologia Leonardo Da Vinci
Museo Nazionale Scienza e Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci in Milan, dedicated to painter and scientist Leonardo da Vinci, is the largest science and technology museum in Italy. It was opened on 15 February 1953 and inaugurated by Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi. The museum, in the ancient monastery of San Vittore al Corpo in Milan, is divided into seven main departments: * Materials * Transport * Energy (including Thermal power station Regina Margherita) * Communication * Leonardo da Vinci, Art & Science * New Frontiers * Science for young people Each of these departments have laboratories, especially for children and young students. The Transport section is made up of four different parts: air, rail, water and Submarine Enrico Toti-S-506. Materials section The Materials section treats the life cycle of modern products from raw materials to recycling. Specific sections are dedicated to polymeric and synthetic materials and to basic chemical manufacturing. There is also a met ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |