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Coburg Badge
The Coburg Badge () was the first badge recognised as a national award of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Subsequently, it formally was given precedence as the highest Party award. History On 14 October 1922 Adolf Hitler led 800 members of the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA) from Munich and other Bavarian cities by train to Coburg for a weekend rally. Once there, numerous pitched street battles with communists occurred. In the end, the final victory belonged to the Nazis. Later, the day was known as the ''Deutscher Tag in Coburg'' (German Day in Coburg). Award description, precedence and proof of eligibility Hitler ordered the Coburg Badge to be struck on 14 October 1932 to memorialise the event which took place ten years earlier, on Saturday, 14 October 1922, and to honour the participants. This was before Hitler came to power in January 1933. The badge was 40 mm wide and 54 mm high. It was made out of bronze and featured a sword placed tip downward across the face of a swasti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Party
The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party ( or NSDAP), was a far-right politics, far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor, the German Workers' Party (; DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920. The Nazi Party emerged from the Extremism, extremist German nationalism, German nationalist ("Völkisch nationalism, ''Völkisch'' nationalist"), racism, racist, and populism, populist paramilitary culture, which fought against communism, communist uprisings in post–World War I Germany. The party was created to draw workers away from communism and into nationalism. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeoisie, and anti-capitalism, disingenuously using socialist rhetoric to gain the support of the lower middle class; it was later downplayed to gain the support of business leaders. By the 1930s, the party's main focus shifted to Antisemit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Totenkopf Ring
The ''SS-Ehrenring'' (German for "SS honour ring"), unofficially called ''Totenkopfring'' ("Death's Head ring" or "skull ring"), was an award of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS). The ring was not a state decoration but rather a personal gift bestowed by Heinrich Himmler to SS members of distinction. It became a highly sought-after award, one which could not be bought or sold, and counterfeit replicas were produced. The SS Honour Sword and SS Honour Dagger were similar awards. Award The ''SS-Ehrenring'' was initially presented to senior officers of the '' Alter Kämpfer'' (Old Guard) within the SS, of whom there were fewer than 5,000. This was later expanded to all SS members who graduated from the SS-Junker Schools and other SS training facilities. Each ring had the recipient's name, the award date, and Himmler's signature engraved on the interior. The ring came with a standard letter from Himmler and citation. It was to be worn only on the left hand, on the "ring finger". The name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fritz Tittmann
Fritz Tittmann (18 July 1898 – 25 April 1945) was a German Nazi politician and SS-''Brigadeführer'' who served as an early Nazi Party leader in Saxony and, from 1941 to 1942, as SS and Police Leader in Nikolajew (today, Mykolaiv). He died near the end of the Second World War in unclear circumstances. Early life Tittmann was born in Leipzig, attended ''volksschule'' there, followed by an apprenticeship in locksmithing. He then studied mechanical engineering at a vocational school in Chemnitz and worked briefly as a machinist from 1913 to 1914. Shortly after the outbreak of the First World War, he joined the Imperial German Army on 21 September 1914. He served in the 105th Infantry Regiment (6th Royal Saxon) throughout the war. Serving on the western front, he was wounded three times and was awarded the Iron Cross 1st and 2nd class and the Wound Badge in silver. Hospitalized in Zwickau from April 1918, he remained in the ''Reichswehr'' until 31 August 1920 when he was discharg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franz Schwede
Franz Reinhold Schwede (5 March 1888 – 19 October 1960) was a Nazi German politician, '' Oberbürgermeister'' (Lord Mayor) of Coburg and both ''Gauleiter'' and '' Oberpräsident'' of Pomerania. An early supporter of Adolf Hitler in Coburg, Schwede used intimidation and propaganda to help elect the first Nazi-majority local government in Germany. This contributed to a personality cult surrounding Schwede and he became known as "Franz Schwede-Coburg." During World War II he ordered secret executions of the infirm and mass deportations of Jews. He also played a key role in abandoning the Pomeranian civilian population to the advancing Red Army, while escaping their fate himself. In 1945 he was captured by the British Army and in 1948 he was tried and convicted of war crimes. Early years Franz Schwede was born in the small town of Drawöhnen near Memel, East Prussia (now Dreverna in Klaipėda District Municipality, Lithuania) in 1888, when it was part of the German Empire. After att ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fritz Sauckel
Ernst Friedrich Christoph Sauckel (27 October 1894 – 16 October 1946) was a German Nazi politician and convicted war criminal. As General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment ('' Arbeitseinsatz'') from March 1942 until the end of the Second World War, he oversaw the mobilization of forced labour for the benefit of the German war effort. Born in Haßfurt in Bavaria, Sauckel worked as a seaman from a young age. During the First World War, he was interned in France as an enemy alien. He joined the Nazi Party in 1923 and established himself as a leading party organiser in Thuringia. He was appointed ''Gauleiter'' of Thuringia in 1927 and, following Hitler's appointment as chancellor, ''Reichsstatthalter'' in 1933; he would retain both positions until the end of the Nazi regime. During the Second World War, Sauckel was responsible for regional defense until 1942, when he was appointed General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment, working directly under Hermann Göring's Four Yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Mutschmann
Martin Mutschmann (9 March 1879 – 14 February 1947) was a German factory owner who was a financial supporter of the Nazi Party and became the ''Gauleiter'' (Party leader) and ''Reichsstatthalter'' (Reich Governor) of the state of Saxony during Nazi Germany. At the end of the Second World War, he was captured, put on trial, sentenced to death and executed in the Soviet Union. Early years Born in Hirschberg, Thuringia, Hirschberg on the Saale in the Principality of Reuss-Gera, German Empire, Germany, Mutschmann moved while he was young with his family to Plauen in Saxony. He served an apprenticeship as an embroiderer and from 1896 to 1901 was employed as a master embroiderer, department head and warehouse director in lace and linen factories in Plauen, Herford and Köln. That was followed by military service from 1901 to 1903, after which he returned to employment in the Plauen Lace Factory (Plauener Spitzenfabriken). He established his own lace factory, Mutschmann & Eisentraut, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emil Maurice
Emil Maurice (; 19 January 1897 – 6 February 1972) was a German Nazi official and a founding member of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS). He was Hitler's first personal chauffeur, and was one of several persons of mixed Jewish and ethnic German ancestry to serve in the SS; importantly, despite not meeting the racial purity standards of the SS, Maurice was considered as a German and neither a Jew nor a Mischling under the Nuremberg Laws. Early life and association with Hitler A watchmaker by trade, Maurice was a close early associate of Adolf Hitler; their personal friendship dated back to 1919 when they were both members of the German Workers' Party (DAP). Maurice officially joined the DAP on 1 December 1919 and his party number was 594 (the count began at 501). With the founding of the ''Sturmabteilung'' in 1920, Maurice became the first '' Oberster SA-Führer'' (Supreme SA Leader). Maurice led the SA stormtroopers in some fights with other groups during those early days. Hitler lat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Hellmuth
Otto Hellmuth (22 July 1896 – 20 April 1968) was a member of the Nazi Party and the ''Gauleiter'' in Lower Franconia (''Unterfranken'') from 1928 to 1945. Early life Born at Markt Einersheim, during World War I he entered service as a Kriegsfreiwilliger in the Bavarian Army, assigned successively to Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 9, Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 4 and Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 8. He was wounded in action four times. He returned to Germany in October 1918 after being severely gassed. He studied dentistry at the University of Freiburg and the University of Würzburg. He received his doctorate in 1922 and began practice as a dentist. Nazi Party career He joined the Nazi Party in 1922 before it was outlawed and re-joined in December 1925. He served as an Ortsgruppenleiter in Würzburg and joined the municipal council in Marktbreit. On 20 May 1928, Hellmuth was elected to the Bavarian Landtag. On 1 October 1928, Hellmuth was appointed ''Gauleiter'' of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Esser
Hermann Esser (29 July 1900 – 7 February 1981) was an early member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). A journalist, Esser was the editor of the Nazi paper, ''Völkischer Beobachter'', a propaganda leader, and a vice president of the Reichstag. In the early days of the party, he was a '' de facto'' deputy of Adolf Hitler. As one of Hitler's earliest followers and friends, he held influential positions in the party during the Weimar Republic, but increasingly lost influence during the Nazi era. Early life Esser was born in Röhrmoos, Kingdom of Bavaria. The son of a civil servant, he was educated in the high school at Kempten. As a teenager, he volunteered for service in World War I and fought on the front lines in the Royal Bavarian 19th Foot Artillery Regiment. After demobilization, he joined the Swabian ''Freikorps'', and in May 1919 took part in the suppression of the Munich Soviet Republic. Esser early on became a socialist, after he joined a left-wing provincial newspaper to trai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Buch
Walter Buch (24 October 1883 – 12 September 1949) was a German Nazi jurist who served as Chairman of the Uschla/Supreme Party Court from 1927 to 1945. Buch was early member of the Nazi Party, the SA, and the SS, a close associate of Adolf Hitler, and a participant in the Beer Hall Putsch. Buch was appointed chief judge of the Uschla in 1925, an important position for settling disputes within the party, despite having no formal legal training. Buch's insistence on prosecuting major Nazi officials for moral issues alienated Hitler and other powerful party members, causing his own power and influence to decline, serving as a figurehead from 1942 until the end of the World War II in 1945. Buch was classified as a major regime functionary in the denazification proceedings in 1948 and released from prison 1949, committing suicide shortly afterwards. Early life and career Walter Buch was born on 24 October 1883 in Bruchsal, Grand Duchy of Baden, the son of Hermann Buch, a Sena ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Brückner
Wilhelm Brückner (11 December 1884 – 18 August 1954) was Adolf Hitler's chief adjutant until October 1940. Thereafter, Brückner joined the '' Heer'' (army), becoming an ''Oberst'' (colonel) by war's end. He died on 18 August 1954 in West Germany. Life Brückner was born and raised in Baden-Baden. He did his ''Abitur'' there. Afterwards he studied law and economics in Strasbourg (then Straßburg, Germany), Freiburg, Heidelberg and Munich. In the First World War, Brückner was an officer in a Bavarian infantry regiment and was discharged as a lieutenant. After the war, he joined the ''Freikorps Epp'' and participated in ''Schützenregiment 42'' as a member of the ''Reichswehr'' in suppressing the Bavarian Soviet Republic. Towards the end of 1919 Brückner was once again going to university, and worked for three years as a film recording technician. In late 1922 he joined the Nazi Party and the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA). On 1 February 1923, he became leader of the Munich SA Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Berchtold
Joseph Berchtold (6 March 1897 – 23 August 1962) was a German Nazi official and journalist who was the 2nd ''Reichsführer-SS'' from 1926 to 1927. An early senior Nazi Party member, he was a co-founder of the (SA) and (SS). Berchtold served in World War I and upon Germany's defeat joined the German Workers' Party (DAP), a small extremist organization at the time. He remained in the party after it became known as the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party; NSDAP) and went on to become the second commander of the (SS) from April 1926 to March 1927. After resigning as the SS leader, Berchtold spent much of his time writing for Nazi magazines and journals. He survived the war, but was arrested by the Allies. Berchtold was later released and died in 1962. He was the last surviving person to hold the rank of and the only one to survive the Second World War. Early life Born on 6 March 1897 in Ingolstadt, Berchtold attended school in Munich from 1903 to 1915. He we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
